Pleading in English Act 1362

Act of the Parliament of England. The Act complained that because the Norman French language was largely unknown to the common people of England, they had no knowledge of what was being said for or against them in the courts, which used Law French. The Act therefore stipulated that "all Pleas which shall be pleaded in [any] Courts whatsoever, before any of his Justices whatsoever, or in his other Places, or before any of His other Ministers whatsoever, or in the Courts and Places of any other Lords whatsoever within the Realm, shall be pleaded, shewed, defended, answered, debated, and judged in the English language, and that they be entered and inrolled in Latin".^[2]

Norman conquest of England in 1066, traditional common law in England had been discussed in the vernacular since time immemorial, and had been written in the Germanic vernacular (Old English) since ca. 600, beginning with the law code of Æthelberht of Kent. Following the Norman conquest, the Anglo-Norman French language of the conquerors was used. It developed into Law French and was used for pleadings; Latin was used for written records. The fourteenth century saw a decline in Law French, hence the Pleading in English Act, which marked the beginning of modern Legal English

Chancery Standard during the reign of Henry V