Pleurothallis

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Pleurothallis
Pleurothallis epiglottis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Pleurothallidinae
Genus: Pleurothallis
R.Br., 1813
Synonyms[1]
  • Acronia C.Presl
  • Ancipitia (Luer) Luer
  • Atopoglossum Luer
  • Centranthera Scheidw.
  • Colombiana Ospina
  • Lalexia Luer
  • Lindleyalis Luer
  • Loddigesia Luer
  • Mirandopsis Szlach. & Marg.
  • Mixis Luer
  • Orbis Luer
  • Pleurobotryum Barb.Rodr.
  • Proctoria Luer
  • Rhynchopera Klotzsch
  • Talpinaria H.Karst.
  • Tigivesta Luer
  • Vestigium Luer
  • Zosterophyllanthos Szlach. & Marg.

Pleurothallis is a genus of orchids commonly called bonnet orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word pleurothallos, meaning "riblike branches". This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. The genus is often abbreviated as "Pths" in horticultural trade.

This was a huge genus, which contained more than 1,200

Orchidaceae after Bulbophyllum. In 2004, it decreased by more than half when many species were moved into new genera.[2]

Distribution

Pleurothallis is a completely New World group, widespread across much of Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indies.[1] Flora of North America[3] lists one species in Florida (P. gelida) but this has now been transferred to a different genus, Stelis.[4] The center of diversity of the genus is in the high Andes, especially in the chain of cloud forests in Colombia. Pleurothallis grows in dry or wet, tropical or temperate climates.

Description

As a group they show a huge range in vegetative form, terrestrial or epiphytic, and can be found as tall cane-like plants a meter or so high, clumped or trailing, pendent or climbing, erect or creeping, tufted and tiny, delicate moss-like species that can grow on the thinnest of twigs.[5] But they have one common denominator: they all have two pollinia.

They have reduced their pseudobulbs and instead, some species have thick succulent leaves.

Their flowers are among the most diverse and unusual, although often very small, and specialize in using tiny insects such as gnats, flies or small wasps for pollination.[6]

Taxonomy

To bring some order in this extremely diverse genus, 29 subgenera and 25 sections had been created. Much of this work has been done by Dr. C. Luer of the

monophyletic genera and evolutionary
relationships.

Several times before, a splitting up has been attempted, but there were always too many intermediate forms. In 2004 the genera

Crocodeilanthe were created, incorporating a large number of former Pleurothallis species.[2] The subgenera Pleurothallis and Specklinia are becoming separate genera, and the subgenus Acuminatae might become the proposed genus Anathallis
.

Other allied genera include Dracula, Masdevallia, Restrepia, and Stelis.[7]

Species

Pleurothallis crossota
Main article: List of Pleurothallis species

As of July 2023, Kew's Plants of the World Online listed around 555 species in the genus.[1] Selected species include:

References

  1. ^ a b c "Pleurothallis R.Br." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
  2. ^
    ISSN 0161-1542
    – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  3. ^ Romero-González, Gustavo A.; Fernández-Concha, Germán Carnevali; Dressler, Robert L.; Magrath, Lawrence K.; Argus, George W. (2003-01-16). "Pleurothallis gelida". Flora of North America. 26: 616, 617. Archived from the original on 2023-06-12.
  4. ^ "Pleurothallis gelida Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 2023-06-12. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
  5. S2CID 259257028. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2023-06-11. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
  6. ISSN 0305-7364
    . Retrieved 2023-06-11 – via Oxford Academic.
  7. ^ Jost, Lou; Endara, Lorena (2006-01-01). "Analysis of the DNA-Based Reclassification of the Pleurothallidinae". lou jost. Archived from the original on 2008-02-15. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
  • Luer, Carlyle; 1986 - Icones Pleurothallidinarum III: Systematics of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae); Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
  • Pridgeon, A. & M. Chase (2001). "A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae)". Lindleyana. 16: 235–271.
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