Pomace
Pomace (/ˈpʌməs/ PUM-əs), or marc (/ˈmɑːrk/; from French marc [maʁ]), is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit.
Grape pomace has traditionally been used to produce pomace brandy (such as grappa, orujo, törkölypálinka, zivania). Today, it is mostly used as fodder, as fertilizer, or for the extraction of bioactive compounds like polyphenols.[1]
Name
The
History
The
Pomace from various sources—particularly fish and
Uses
Apple pomace is often used to produce
Distilling
Grape pomace is used to produce pomace brandy and piquette. Most wine-producing cultures began making some type of pomace brandy after the principles of distillation were understood.
Winemaking
Pomace in winemaking differs, depending upon whether white wine or red wine is being produced.
In red wine production, pomace is produced after the free run juice (the juice created before pressing by the weight of
In white wine production, grapes are quickly pressed after crushing to avoid skin contact with pomace as a byproduct of the pressing. The resulting debris is a pale, greenish-brown color and contains more
Other uses
Pomace is produced in large quantities in wine production, making its disposal an important environmental consideration. Some wineries use the material as fertilizer, while others are selling it to
Specific
Grape pomace is also used in the oil and gas industry as a lost circulation material in oil-based drilling muds due to the pomace being fibrous and tannin-rich.
A 2004 study conducted by
Apple pomace has long been a traditional feed for various kinds of livestock.[9] The use of grape pomace as livestock feed is encouraged in order to reduce the release of grape processing residues in the environment, which can lead to serious pollution.[10]
Apple pomace was used, in conjunction with whey, to flavor the first iteration of Fanta soft drink in Germany during World War II. This was done because wartime embargoes limited Coca-Cola of Germany's ability to import and manufacture the American beverage.
Apple pomace can also be milled in order to create apple flour, also known as apple pomace flour.
Legal regulations
Canada
According to the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, pomace can be a potable alcoholic distillate or a mixture of potable alcoholic distillates obtained by distilled skin and pulp of sound ripe fruit after removal of the fruit juice, wine or fruit wine. Pomace may contain caramel, fruit, botanical substances, flavoring and flavoring preparations. Pomace may be described on its label as "(name of the fruit) Pomace" or "(name of the fruit) Marc" if all of the skin and pulp of the fruit used to make the pomace originate from the particular fruit.[11]
See also
References
- PMID 25471637.
- ^ a b c "pomace, n.", Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023.
- ^ Robinson, Jancis (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Wine (Third ed.). p. 532.
- Alcohol Concern. April 2011. Archived from the originalon 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-860990-2.
- ^ "GrapeVine". Wine Spectator: 16. January 31 – February 29, 2008.
- ^ "Red-wine waste can check cavities". The Times of India. Asian News International. January 3, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-01-06.
- ^ Gaffney, Jacob (September 23, 2004). "What a Waste! Grape Pomace Kills Food-Spoiling Bacteria". Wine Spectator.
- ^ Heuzé, V.; Tran, G.; Hassoun, P.; Lebas, F. (2017). "Apple pomace and culled apples". Feedipedia. INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
- ^ Heuzé, V.; Tran, G. (2017). "Grape pomace". Feedipedia. INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
- ^ Branch, Legislative Services. "Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Food and Drug Regulations". laws.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-07-19.
Further reading
- Crowe, Alison (August–September 2005). "The Pomace Predicament". WineMaker. Archived from the original on 2010-01-25.
- Hang, Y. D.; Woodams, E. E. (April 1985). "Grape pomace: A novel substrate for microbial production of citric acid". Biotechnology Letters. 7 (4): 253–254. S2CID 45128414.
External links
- Media related to Pomace at Wikimedia Commons