Ethyl acetate
Names | |
---|---|
Preferred IUPAC name
Ethyl acetate | |
Systematic IUPAC name
Ethyl ethanoate | |
Other names
| |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
|
506104 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
|
100.005.001 |
E number | E1504 (additional chemicals) |
26306 | |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID
|
|
RTECS number
|
|
UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
Properties | |
C4H8O2 | |
Molar mass | 88.106 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colorless liquid |
Odor | nail polish-like, fruity |
Density | 0.902 g/cm3 |
Melting point | −83.6 °C (−118.5 °F; 189.6 K) |
Boiling point | 77.1 °C (170.8 °F; 350.2 K) |
8.3 g/100 mL (at 20 °C) | |
Solubility in ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, benzene | Miscible |
log P | 0.71[1] |
Vapor pressure | 73 mmHg (9.7 kPa) at 20 °C[2] |
Acidity (pKa) | 25 |
−54.10×10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.3720 |
Viscosity | 426 μPa·s (0.426 cP ) at 25 °C
|
Structure | |
1.78 D | |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
|
|
GHS labelling: | |
[3] | |
Danger | |
H225, H319, H336[3] | |
P210, P233, P240, P305+P351+P338, P403+P235[3] | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | −4 °C (25 °F; 269 K) |
Explosive limits
|
2.0–11.5%[2] |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
|
11.3 g/kg, rat |
LC50 (median concentration)
|
16,000 ppm (rat, 6 h) 12,295 ppm (mouse, 2 h) 1600 ppm (rat, 8 h)[4] |
LCLo (lowest published)
|
21 ppm (guinea pig, 1 h) 12,330 ppm (mouse, 3 h)[4] |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 400 ppm (1400 mg/m3)[2] |
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 400 ppm (1400 mg/m3)[2] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
2000 ppm[2] |
Related compounds | |
Related
carboxylate esters |
|
Related compounds
|
|
Supplementary data page | |
Ethyl acetate (data page) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Ethyl acetate (
Production and synthesis
Ethyl acetate was first synthesized by the Count de Lauraguais in 1759 by distilling a mixture of ethanol and acetic acid.[6]
In 2004, an estimated 1.3 million tonnes were produced worldwide.[5][7] The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan, North America, and Europe was about 400,000 tonnes. The global ethyl acetate market was valued at $3.3 billion in 2018.[8]
Ethyl acetate is synthesized in industry mainly via the classic
- CH3CO2H + CH3CH2OH → CH3CO2CH2CH3 + H2O
The reaction can be accelerated by acid catalysis and the equilibrium can be shifted to the right by removal of water.
It is also prepared in industry using the Tishchenko reaction, by combining two equivalents of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide catalyst:
- 2 CH3CHO → CH3CO2CH2CH3
Silicotungstic acid is used to manufacture ethyl acetate by the alkylation of acetic acid by ethylene:[9]
- C2H4 + CH3CO2H → CH3CO2C2H5
Uses
Ethyl acetate is used primarily as a
Ethyl acetate is an
Laboratory uses
In the laboratory, mixtures containing ethyl acetate are commonly used in
Occurrence in wines
Ethyl acetate is the most common
Reactions
Ethyl acetate is only weakly Lewis basic, like a typical carboxylic acid ester.
Ethyl acetate hydrolyses to give acetic acid and ethanol. Bases accelerate the hydrolysis, which is subject to the Fischer equilibrium mentioned above. In the laboratory, and usually for illustrative purposes only, ethyl esters are typically hydrolyzed in a two-step process starting with a stoichiometric amount of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide. This reaction gives ethanol and sodium acetate, which is unreactive toward ethanol:
- CH3CO2C2H5 + NaOH → C2H5OH + CH3CO2Na
In the Claisen condensation, anhydrous ethyl acetate and strong bases react to give ethyl acetoacetate:[14]
Safety
The LD50 for rats is 5620 mg/kg,[15] indicating low acute toxicity. Given that the chemical is naturally present in many organisms, there is little risk of toxicity.
Overexposure to ethyl acetate may cause
References
- ^ "ethyl acetate MSDS".
- ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0260". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b c Record of Ethyl acetate in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 7 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Ethyl acetate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ ISBN 978-3527306732.
- ^ Parker, Joseph (1832). "The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia". The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. 5.
- ^ Dutia, Pankaj (August 10, 2004). "Ethyl Acetate: A Techno-Commercial Profile" (PDF). Chemical Weekly: 184. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ^ ""Global Ethyl Acetate Market to be valued at $3.3 billion in 2018" reports Visiongain". Visiongain. 2019-09-05. Retrieved 2019-09-05.
- .
- ^ ico.org Archived 2007-04-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ISSN 1475-2670.
- PMID 35804181.
- .
- .
- ^ Hazard Ethyl Acetate MSDS "Ethyl Acetate MSDS Number: E2850".
- ^ Mackison, F. W.; Stricoff, R. S.; Partridge, L. J. Jr., eds. (January 1981). NIOSH/OSHA – Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 81–123. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ^ Clayton, G.D.; Clayton, F.E., eds. (1993–1994). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology (4th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. p. 2981.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983, p. 782
External links
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ethyl_acetate#section=Toxicity
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
- International Chemical Safety Cards
- Material safety data (MSDS) for ethyl acetate
- National Pollutant Inventory – Ethyl acetate fact sheet
- Ethyl Acetate: Molecule of the Month
- Purpose of Using Concentrated Sulfuric Acid in Esterification for Catalysis
- Basic facts and contact SEKAB [1] SEKAB ethyl acetate
- A Techno Commercial Profile of Ethyl Acetate in India
- Calculation of vapor pressure, liquid density, dynamic liquid viscosity, surface tension of ethyl acetate