Port Sudan
Port Sudan
بور سودان Bar'uut | |
---|---|
Top: Port Sudan Skyline; Middle: Red Sea | |
Population (2024) | |
• Metro | 531,000[1] |
Port Sudan (
Port Sudan has historically been a center for commercial activity, particularly in the shipping industry.
History
Founding and early history
Port Sudan was built between 1905 and 1909 by the administration of
Early 21st century
In 2009, Israel allegedly used naval commandos to attack Iranian arms ships at Port Sudan as part of Operation Birds of Prey.[6] In 2020, Russian president Vladimir Putin announced that the Russian Navy would begin construction on a base with capacity for 300 personnel and four warships in Port Sudan. The facility would provide Russia with a naval base in the nation for at least 25 years.[7] The plan was ultimately suspended, though Sudanese leadership has indicated that it is possible for the construction to go ahead in the future.[8]
In 2016, it was reported that residents of Port Sudan face
2023 Sudan war
During the
By late October 2023,
Economy
The city has an oil refinery and handles 90% of the country's international trade.
Transport
The city has a modern container port to handle imports and exports.[5] The port is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region of Trieste with its rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe.[17][18][19][20]
The main airport is Port Sudan New International Airport. There is now a tarred road linking Port Sudan to Khartoum via Atbara. Port Sudan also has a 1067mm gauge rail link with Khartoum. There is also an international ferry from Jeddah.[citation needed]
In 2023 a new seaport was proposed about 200km north of Port Sudan at Abu Amama.[21] A 450km road to the farming hub at Abu Hamad would also be provided. This new seaport is opposite Jeddah which shortens the ferry trip from Jeddah.
Education
The city is home to the Red Sea University, established in 1994.[22]
Places of worship
Climate
Port Sudan has a
Climate data for Port Sudan, Sudan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1906–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 37 (99) |
36.6 (97.9) |
40 (104) |
41.8 (107.2) |
47 (117) |
48.6 (119.5) |
48.9 (120.0) |
48.6 (119.5) |
46.5 (115.7) |
44.3 (111.7) |
39 (102) |
38 (100) |
48.9 (120.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.3 (81.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.7 (85.5) |
32.9 (91.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
40.2 (104.4) |
42.7 (108.9) |
42.7 (108.9) |
39.5 (103.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
28.7 (83.7) |
34.6 (94.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
24.7 (76.5) |
27.5 (81.5) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.7 (92.7) |
36.2 (97.2) |
36.6 (97.9) |
33.6 (92.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
27.7 (81.9) |
25.1 (77.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.5 (86.9) |
27.8 (82.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | 10 (50) |
10 (50) |
10 (50) |
12.3 (54.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
20 (68) |
20 (68) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16 (61) |
17.5 (63.5) |
9 (48) |
9 (48) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.3 (0.09) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.1 (0.00) |
8.8 (0.35) |
1.0 (0.04) |
0.9 (0.04) |
3.8 (0.15) |
2.3 (0.09) |
0.0 (0.0) |
17.9 (0.70) |
24.6 (0.97) |
18.8 (0.74) |
80.6 (3.17) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 7.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
64 | 65 | 63 | 58 | 46 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 50 | 65 | 68 | 67 | 55 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 195.3 | 204.4 | 266.6 | 291.0 | 310.0 | 264.0 | 229.4 | 223.2 | 264.0 | 279.0 | 228.0 | 182.9 | 2,937.8 |
Source 1: NOAA[25][26] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[27] |
Demographics
Year | Population |
---|---|
1906[28] | 4,289 |
1941 | 26,255 |
1973 | 132,632 |
1983 | 209,938 |
1993 | 305,385 |
2007 (est.) | 489,275 |
2008 (est.) | 517,338 |
The population consists mainly of Sudanese Arabs, including the native Beja people, with small Asian and European minorities.[5]
Sport
Hay Al-Arab SC founded in 1928, and Hilal Alsahil SC founded in 1937, both play at the Port Sudan Stadium in the football Sudan Premier League. The city's third team is Al-Merreikh Al-Thagher.
Notable people
- Gawaher (Pop singer)
- Ra'ouf Mus'ad (Playwright)
Notes
- ^ "Bur Sudan, Sudan Metro Area". Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ^ a b Eltahir, Nafisa; Abdelaziz, Khalid; Saul, Jonathan (2021-12-23). "Sudan's Red Sea port struggles to recover from blockade and turmoil". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
- ^ "City Population in Sudan". Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ a b Milton, Immanual John (2023-06-20). "CityLab Daily: Port Sudan Becomes Haven for Refugees Fleeing War". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
- ^ a b c d "Port Sudan | Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
- ^ Ynet (2009-04-08). "Report: Naval commando forces involved in Sudan strike". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
- The Financial Times. Archivedfrom the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
Russia will build a naval base on Sudan's Red Sea coast, its first in Africa, as the Kremlin seeks to expand its global military footprint and cement its burgeoning trade and defence ties with the continent. The Russian navy has been directed to proceed with plans to construct a base for 300 personnel and space for up to four warships, including nuclear-powered vessels, according to an order signed by president Vladimir Putin on Monday.
- ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
- ^ "Port Sudan's water shortage worsening - Sudan | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 2016-06-16. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
- ^ "Sudan tribal protesters lift port blockade, week after coup". AP NEWS. 2021-11-01. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
- ^ Jamal, Urooba (2023-05-03). "Port Sudan, a Red Sea refuge for many fleeing Sudan's violence". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
- ^ VOA60 Africa - Displaced Sudanese in Port Sudan suffer from extreme heat, food and water shortages, 2023-05-15, retrieved 2023-06-20
- ^ Eltahir, Nafisa (26 October 2023). "Paramilitary RSF say they have seized Sudan's second city". Reuters. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ "Sudan talks resume as 'Libya scenario' looms large". Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ^ "The SAF-RSF Conflict and its Consequences on Eastern Sudan". epc.ae. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ^ "China's 'Maritime Silk Road': Don't Forget Africa". thediplomat.com.
- ^ See also: Harry G. Broadman "Afrika´s Silk Road" (2007).
- ^ "Implications for Africa from China's One Belt One Road Strategy". africacenter.org.
- ^ "China's Belt and Road Initiative beacons new trade in MENAT". www.business.hsbc.ae.
- ^ "Sudan to develop Red Sea port in $6-bln initial pact with Emirati group". Reuters. 2022-12-13. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ "Red Sea University". African Studies Center. Archived from the original on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
- ^ Britannica, Sudan, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019
- ^ "Monthly Rainfall for Port Sudan (#62641)". climexp.knmi.nl.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Port Sudan". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
- ^ "Port Sudan Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ^ "Station Port Soudan" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 133.
References
- Arckell, A. J., UNESCO General History of Africa, History of Darfur 1200-1700 A.D. SNR.
- Encyclopædia Britannica, "Port Sudan" (description), 2007, webpage: EB-PortSudan.[permanent dead link]
- Michael R. T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Port Sudan", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, Cal.: ISBN 9781576079195
External links
- Media related to Port Sudan at Wikimedia Commons