Prince consort
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A prince consort is the husband of a monarch who is not a monarch in his own right. In recognition of his status, a prince consort may be given a formal title, such as prince. Most monarchies do not allow the husband of a queen regnant to be titled as a king because it is perceived as a higher title than queen, however, some monarchies use the title of king consort for the role.
Usage in Europe
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the title Prince Consort is unique to
The titles of the five pre-Victorian male consorts varied widely. Philip of Spain, the husband of Mary I of England, was declared king jure uxoris and given powers equal to his wife while she reigned, but Queen Anne's husband Prince George of Denmark received no British titles other than the Dukedom of Cumberland (his princely title being Danish). Meanwhile, the titles of the three husbands of Mary, Queen of Scots, was never fully resolved. At least one (Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley), was declared king consort, and both he and his predecessor Francis II of France sought recognition as king jure uxoris (under a proffered theory of the "Crown Matrimonial of Scotland"), but the title and powers of the consort were a constant issue during Mary's reign and remained unresolved when Mary was captured and executed.[2][3]
The only male consort since Prince Albert's death,
The distinction between the positions of prince consort and king is important in the British patriarchal hierarchical system. Within this hierarchy, the king holds a higher position in the British social hierarchy than any other, and so more power is attributed to him. When the monarch is female, such as Queen Victoria, who ascended to the throne in 1837, power is attributed to the queen, for she holds the highest position in the absence of a king.[6] Unlike a queen consort, a prince consort is not crowned and anointed alongside his wife at her coronation.[7]
Other countries
Jacques I became the prince consort of Monaco in 1731 after his wife, Louise Hippolyte, became the sovereign princess.[8]
In 2005,
Usage in Asia
Imperial China
The imperial Chinese title of fuma (simplified Chinese: 驸马; traditional Chinese: 駙馬; pinyin: fùmǎ), and its Manchu equivalent e'fu (simplified Chinese: 额驸; traditional Chinese: 額駙; pinyin: é'fù), are sometimes translated as "prince consort". This was originally an office of the imperial household, later evolving into the title reserved for husbands of imperial princesses. These princes consort could hold other offices and titles in their own right.
Burma
Princes and princesses consort are called "Myauk Thar Daw". Burmese: မြောက်သားတော်). Because the consorts live in "North House". This word mean: "North" for Myauk. House for Ain Thar Daw
King consort
A king consort or emperor consort is a rarely used (or disputed) title to describe the husband of a queen regnant. Examples include:
- Mary, Queen of Scots (reigned 1542–1567) was first married to Francis, Dauphin of France (later Francis II of France), who became king consort of Scotland upon their marriage.[12][13] She then married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, the eldest son of the Earl and Countess of Lennox in July 1565. Darnley was a great-grandson of Henry VII of England and Mary's first cousin, and he was considered to have a strong claim to the Scottish throne. On the evening before their marriage, Mary proclaimed Darnley "King of Scots", a title that she could not legally grant him without the consent of Parliament, but which was never formally challenged. However, this title did not grant him any automatic right of rule or of succession to the throne should Mary die. For that to happen, it was necessary that Mary grant him the Crown Matrimonial of Scotland, which never happened.
- Acts of Parliament) were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple, for the duration of the marriage only. This created a coregency by jure uxoris.
- When the reigning Francis, Duke of Cádiz, he became king consort of Spain. Like his wife, he retained the style and title of king even after her abdication in favour of their son, Alfonso XII.
- Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha "king consort" but the British government refused to introduce a bill allowing it, as Albert was a foreigner.[14]She instead gave him the title of prince consort in 1857.
List of male consorts
Kingdom of Naples:
- Andrew, Duke of Calabria
- James IV of Majorca
- Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
- James II, Count of La Marche
Netherlands:
- Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld
- Prince Claus of the Netherlands
Đại Việt:
- Trần Thái Tông – He was first a male consort of a female monarch, but later became a male monarch.
Denmark:
Luxembourg:
Māori King Movement:
Majapahit:
- Cakradhara, husband of Queen Tribhuwana
- Ratnapangkaja, husband of Suhita
Merina Kingdom:
- Rainiharo
- Rainijohary , husband of Ranavalona I
- Rainivoninahitriniony
- Rainilaiarivony
Monaco:
- Jacques I, Prince of Monaco – He was first a male consort of a female monarch, but later became a male monarch.
Bhopal State:
- Baqi Muhammad Khan, husband of Shah Jahan Begum
- Siddiq Hasan Khan
- Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur, husband of Sultan Jahan Begum
Sweden:
- Frederick I of Sweden – He was first a male consort of a female monarch, but later became a male monarch.
Kingdom of Scotland:
Spain:
Silla:
- Queen Seondeok
- Kim Wi-hong , husband of Jinseong
Kingdom of Aragon:
Ecatepec:
Ethiopian Empire:
United Kingdom:
- Prince George, Duke of Cumberland
- Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Kingdom of England:
- Geoffrey of Anjou, husband of Matilda
- Guildford Dudley, husband of Lady Jane Grey
Kingdom of Georgia:
Duchy of Parma:
- Adam Albert, Count of Neipperg
- Charles-René de Bombelles
Portugal:
- Auguste, Duke of Leuchtenberg
- Ferdinand II of Portugal – He was first a male consort of a female monarch, but later became a co-monarch.
Kingdom of Pontus:
Ptolemaic Kingdom:
- Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes
- Archelaus I of Comana
- Mark Antony
Kingdom of Tahiti:
Tonga:
Hawaiian Kingdom:
See also
- Consort crown
- Jure uxoris
- Princess consort
- Queen consort
- List of British consorts
- Category:Kings consort
References
- ^ "Who Has Held the Queen Consort Title Throughout History?". Town & Country. 2023-05-03. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 184.
- ^ Daniel, William S. (Edinburgh, 1852), History of The Abbey and Palace of Holyrood, p. 67.
- ISBN 1-55002-360-8.
- ^ Velde, François. "Title of Prince: HRH Philip Duke of Edinburgh". Royal styles and titles: Files from the UK National Archives. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Klein, P. (2017). Kings & Queens. Library Journal, 142(8), 37-39.
- ^ "Consort to Her Majesty The Queen". Royal.uk.
- ^ "Prince Jacques I of Monaco: Prior Owner of Matignon, the French Prime Minister's Residence in Paris". HelloMonaco. 2017-12-03. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ "Dronningen i sin nytårstale: Prins Henrik går på pension". Politiken.dk (in Danish). 31 December 2015. Retrieved 2017-01-29.
- ^ "Denmark's Prince Henrik renounces title as Prince Consort". Xinhuanet, China-Europe. 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
- ^ Anonymous (1558). Discours du grand et magnifique triumphe faict au mariage du tresnoble & magnifique Prince Francois de Valois Roy Dauphin, filz aisné du tres-chrestien Roy de France Henry II du nom & de treshaulte & vertueuse Princesse madame Marie d'Estreuart Roine d'Escosse (in French). Paris: Annet Briere.
- ^ Teulet, Alexandre (1862). Relations politiques de la France et de l'Espagne avec l'Écosse au XVIe siècle (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Renouard. pp. 302–311.
- ISBN 978-0-7195-5756-9.