RD-214
Kosmos-2 | |
| References | |
|---|---|
| References | [1][2] |
The RD-214 (
V-2 influenced engines, the single turbine was driven by steam generated by catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. It also had four combustion chambers and vector control was achieved by refractory vanes protruding into the nozzle's exhaust.[4]
Development
For the requirements to have storable propellants and higher thrust,
RD-108 engine, which went to be the most flown rocket engines in history.[5]
The initial R-12 was a pad launched missile. It had significant operative issues on readiness and vulnerability. Thus, the silo launched R-12U was developed. For this development the RD-214U was developed. When Yangel used the R-12U as the basis for the
Kosmos-2 63S1, the RD-214F was developed and fire tested, but in the end the stock R-12U was used as first stage. So it was for all subsequent 63S1M and 11K63.[1][5][9]
Versions
This engine many versions:
- RD-211:
- RD-212: GRAU Index 8D41. Originally developed from the RD-211 for the Buran cruise missile project. Project drop in favor of RD-213 due to insufficient thrust.[1][7]
- RD-213: GRAU Index 8D13. Similar to the RD-214. Developed for the Buran cruise missile project. Cancelled with the project.[1][8]
- RD-214: R-12 (8K63).[1]
- RD-214U: Kosmos-2 (11K63) launch vehicle.[1]
- RD-214F: Kosmos-2 (63S1).[1]
| Engine | RD-211 | RD-212 | RD-213 | RD-214 | RD-214U | RD-214F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKA | 8D57 | 8D41 | 8D13 | 8D59 | 8D59U | 11D45 |
| Development | 1953-1955 | 1954-1956 | 1956-1957 | 1955-1959 | 1959-1960 | 1960-1962 |
| Engine type | Gas generator[2]
| |||||
| Propellant | AK-27I (73% nitric acid, 27% N2O4, and iodine passivant) / TM-185 (a kerosene and gasoline mix)[2] | |||||
| Combustion chamber pressure | 3.923 megapascals (569.0 psi) | 3.923 megapascals (569.0 psi) | 4.66 megapascals (676 psi) | 4.36 megapascals (632 psi) | 4.36 megapascals (632 psi) | 4.38 megapascals (635 psi) |
| Thrust, vacuum | 642.3 kilonewtons (144,400 lbf) | 622.7 kilonewtons (140,000 lbf) | 749.2 kilonewtons (168,400 lbf) | 730.2 kilonewtons (164,200 lbf) | 730.6 kilonewtons (164,200 lbf) | 729.6 kilonewtons (164,000 lbf) |
| Thrust, sea level | 549.2 kilonewtons (123,500 lbf) | 559 kilonewtons (126,000 lbf) | 686.5 kilonewtons (154,300 lbf) | 635.2 kilonewtons (142,800 lbf) | 635.5 kilonewtons (142,900 lbf) | 635.5 kilonewtons (142,900 lbf) |
| Isp, vacuum | 253 s (2.48 km/s) | 254 s (2.49 km/s) | 264 s (2.59 km/s) | 264 s (2.59 km/s) | 264 s (2.59 km/s) | 264 s (2.59 km/s) |
| Isp, sea level | 224 s (2.20 km/s) | 227 s (2.23 km/s) | 231 s (2.27 km/s) | 230 s (2.3 km/s) | 230 s (2.3 km/s) | 230 s (2.3 km/s) |
| Burn time | 122s | 100s | 110s | 140s | ||
| Length | 2,700 millimetres (110 in) | 2,500 millimetres (98 in) | 2,500 millimetres (98 in) | 2,380 millimetres (94 in) | 2,380 millimetres (94 in) | 2,380 millimetres (94 in) |
| Diameter | 1,650 millimetres (65 in) | 1,480 millimetres (58 in) | 1,480 millimetres (58 in) | 1,500 millimetres (59 in) | 1,480 millimetres (58 in) | 1,480 millimetres (58 in) |
| Dry weight | 635 kilograms (1,400 lb) | 642 kilograms (1,415 lb) | 625 kilograms (1,378 lb) | 655 kilograms (1,444 lb) | 655 kilograms (1,444 lb) | 655 kilograms (1,444 lb) |
| Use | R-12 (8K63) Project |
Buran Project | Buran Project | R-12 (8K63) |
Kosmos-2 (11K63) |
Project for Kosmos-2 (63S1)
|
See also
Space portal
- R-12 Dvina - Ballistic missile for which this engine was originally developed for.
- Kosmos-2 - launch vehiclethat uses an R-12 as first stage.
- Rocket engine using liquid fuel
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "NPO Energomash list of engines". NPO Energomash. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- ^ a b c d e "RD-214". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- ^ "Nitric acid/Kerosene". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- ^ "Soviet rocket's engines (NPO Energomash)". Buran-Energia.com. Retrieved 2015-06-27.
- ^ a b c "R-12". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on March 5, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- ^ a b "RD-211". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on January 8, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- ^ a b "RD-212". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on January 8, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- ^ a b "RD-213". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on May 5, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly. "Kosmos-2". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
External links
| Liquid fuel |
|  | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solid fuel |
| |||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||