RD-253

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RD-253 (РД-253)
Proton first stage.
References
References[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

The RD-253 (

hypergolic
and storable at room temperature, simplifying the engine's design.

History

Development of the RD-253 started in 1961. Preliminary investigations and development of the engine and its further production was performed under the guidance of

USSR and modern Russia
.

As the first stage of the

ISS. It is was widely used for the launches of heavy satellites.[1][5] The last RD-253 rocket engine was used on a Proton-K rocket and launched on March 30, 2012.[6]

Since the original development of the engine, several modifications were designed that were not flown. One of them was the RD-256 engine, for which development stopped on experimental models. It was not used in flights and was designed for a cancelled vehicle.[8] The RD-254 variant was supplied with an extended nozzle for use in vacuum.

Current state and development

All rights to sell and employ the RD-253 for

Proton rocket are held by Energomash which produces it in Perm, Russia
.

The modification RD-275 (14D14) appeared as the result of development in 1987–1993, with the purpose to achieve a more powerful version of the engine. Its 7.7% higher thrust was reached by raising pressure in the

Proton
rocket with the new engine was completed in 1995.

Energomash started the development of next more powerful version of engine in 2001. It has 5.2% higher thrust and has the designation 14D14M (RD-275M). It was designed to allow the rocket to deliver 150 kg (330 lb) more payload to GEO.[1]

In the period from 2002 to 2003 years some experimental work was completed with this version of the engine. It included four test firings of three experimental RD-275M with a total time of 735s. In the middle of 2005, this engine went into production by government commission. The first launch of a Proton-M with 14D14M engines was launched on July 7, 2007.[1]

The final version RD-275M is sometimes designated as RD-276, but through 2009 the name RD-275M (14D14M) was more common.

USD per unit.[citation needed
]

Versions

During the years there have been many versions of this engine:

RD-253 Family of Engines[9]
Engine RD-220 RD-221 RD-222
(11D41) 		RD-223
(11D42) 		RD-253
(11D413) 		RD-253F
(11D413F) 		RD-254
(11D44) 		RD-275
(14D14) 		RD-275M
(RD-276, 14D14M)[4]
Development 1960 1960-1961 1962-1966 1966-1967 1961-1963 1987-1993 2001-2005
Combustion Chamber Pressure 14.7 MPa (2,130 psi) 16.9 MPa (2,450 psi) 14.7 MPa (2,130 psi) 15.7 MPa (2,280 psi) 16.5 MPa (2,390 psi)
Thrust (Vacuum) 1,074 kN (241,000 lbf) 1,120 kN (250,000 lbf) 1,634 kN (367,000 lbf) 1,700 kN (380,000 lbf) 1,635 kN (368,000 lbf) 1,870 kN (420,000 lbf) 1,720 kN (390,000 lbf) 1,750 kN (390,000 lbf) 1,832 kN (412,000 lbf)
Thrust (Sea Level) 947 kN (213,000 lbf) N/A 1,471 kN (331,000 lbf) N/A 1,474 kN (331,000 lbf) 1,720 kN (390,000 lbf) N/A 1,590 kN (360,000 lbf) 1,671 kN (376,000 lbf)
Specific Impulse (Vacuum) 306 s (3.00 km/s) 318 s (3.12 km/s) 302 s (2.96 km/s) 314 s (3.08 km/s) 316 s (3.10 km/s) 317 s (3.11 km/s) 328 s (3.22 km/s) 316 s (3.10 km/s) 315.8 s (3.097 km/s)
Specific Impulse (Sea Level) 270 s (2.6 km/s) N/A 272 s (2.67 km/s) N/A 285 s (2.79 km/s) 290 s (2.8 km/s) N/A 287 s (2.81 km/s) 288 s (2.82 km/s)
Height 2,600 mm (100 in) 4,200 mm (170 in) 3,470 mm (137 in) 5,050 mm (199 in) 3,000 mm (120 in) 2,700 mm (110 in) 4,000 mm (160 in) 3,050 mm (120 in) 3,050 mm (120 in)
Diameter 1,300 mm (51 in) 2,400 mm (94 in) 1,460 mm (57 in) 2,530 mm (100 in) 1,500 mm (59 in) 1,490 mm (59 in) 2,600 mm (100 in) 1,500 mm (59 in) 1,500 mm (59 in)
Intended Use N-1 first stage N-1 second stage N-1 first stage N-1 second stage Proton (8K62) first stage R-36M (15А14) first stage UR-700 third stage, Proton and N-1 second stages Proton-M first stage Proton-M first stage
Status Project (Abandoned) Retired Project (Abandoned) Retired In Production

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "RD-253". NPO Energomash. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015.
  2. ^ "RD-253-11D48". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  3. ^ "RD-253". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  4. ^ a b c "Liquid rocket engine RD-276". Proton-PM. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Proton-K". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  6. ^ a b Zak, Anatoly. "Proton History". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  7. ^ Zak, Anatoly. "2015-07-07". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  8. ^ "RD-253 (11D43) and RD-275 (14D14)" (in Russian). Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "NPO Energomash list of engines". NPO Energomash. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014.
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