Rhus typhina

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Rhus typhina

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]

Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Rhus
Species:
R. typhina
Binomial name
Rhus typhina
L., 1756[3]
Synonyms

Rhus hirta

Rhus typhina, the staghorn sumac,

temperate world. It is an invasive species
in some parts of the world.

Etymology

The Latin

antlers in velvet".[6]

Description

Rhus typhina is a

dioecious, deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to 5 m (16 ft) tall by 6 m (20 ft) broad. It has alternate, pinnately compound leaves 25–55 cm (10–22 in) long, each with 9–31 serrate leaflets 6–11 cm (2+1⁄4–4+1⁄4 in) long.[7] Leaf petioles and stems are densely covered in rust-colored hairs. The velvety texture and the forking pattern of the branches, reminiscent of antlers, have led to the common name "stag's horn sumac".[8] Staghorn sumac grows as female or male clones.[9]

Small, greenish-white through yellowish flowers occur in dense terminal panicles, and small, green through reddish

drupes occur in dense infructescences.[7] Flowers occur from May through July and fruit ripens from June through September in this species’ native range.[10] Infructescences are 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long and 4–6 cm (1+1⁄2–2+1⁄4 in) broad at their bases. Fall foliage is brilliant shades of red, orange and yellow.[8] Fruit can remain on plants from late summer through spring. It is eaten by many birds in winter.[11]

Staghorn sumac spreads by seeds and

rhizomes and forms clones often with the older shoots in the center and younger shoots around central older ones.[7] Large clones can grow from ortets
in several years.

Within Anacardiaceae, staghorn sumac is not closely related to

poison sumac
(Toxicodendron vernix), even though they share the name "sumac".

In late summer some shoots have galls on leaf undersides, caused by the sumac leaf gall aphid, Melaphis rhois. The galls are not markedly harmful to the tree.

Cultivation

Staghorn sumac is an ornamental plant which provides interest throughout the year; though its vigorous, suckering habit makes it unsuitable for smaller gardens. It can grow under a wide array of conditions, but is most often found in dry and poor soil on which other plants cannot survive.

cultivars have been developed for garden use, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit:[12]

Uses

Rhus typhina fruit

The fruit of sumacs are edible.[15] They can be soaked and washed in cold water, strained, sweetened and made into a pink "lemonade" sometimes called "Indian lemonade".[16] The drink extract can also be used to make jelly. The shoots can be peeled and eaten raw.[17][15] The fruit was found to have certain natural antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.[18]

All parts of the staghorn sumac, except the roots, can be used as both a

tannins and can be added to other dye baths to improve light fastness. The leaves may be harvested in the summer and the bark all year round.[19]

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T61984086A61984088.en
    . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  3. ^ taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser (Rhus typhina)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  4. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rhus typhina". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  5. ^ "Rhus typhina Range Map" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-26. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
  6. ^ Linnaeus, Carl; et al. (1756). Centuria II plantarum. Vol. 2. exc. L.M. Höjer. p. 14.
  7. ^
    ISBN 0-8014-3391-6
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-1405332965
    .
  9. ^ Sullivan, Janet (1994). "Rhus typhina". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
  10. ^ "Rhus" (PDF). Woody Plant Seed Manual. USDA Forest Service.
  11. ISBN 0-394-50432-1
    .
  12. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 87. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  13. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Rhus typhina 'Dissecta'". Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  14. ^ "Rhus typhina Radiance = 'Sinrus'". RHS. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  15. ^
    OCLC 244766414
    .
  16. ISBN 0-395-20445-3
    .
  17. ^ Thayer, S. (2006). The Forager's Harvest. Forager's Harvest.
  18. ISSN 0956-7135
    .
  19. ISBN 9780823057276
    .

External links

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