Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Division: | Bryophyta |
Class: | Bryopsida |
Subclass: | Bryidae |
Order: | Hypnales |
Family: | Hylocomiaceae |
Genus: | Rhytidiadelphus |
Species: | R. squarrosus
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Binomial name | |
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Hypnum squarrosum Hedw. |
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus is a species of moss known as springy turf-moss in the United Kingdom,[2][3] and square goose neck moss in the United States.[1][4] It is widespread in Eurasia and North America, and has been introduced to the Southern Hemisphere. It has broad ecological tolerances, and is usually found in man-made habitats such as lawns and golf courses. It is most closely related to R. subpinnatus, with which it is often confused.
Description
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus grows as an extensive mat of branching stems, up to 15 centimetres (6 in) tall,[5] sheathed in leaves that are 2–2.5 mm (0.08–0.10 in) long and bend sharply back at a right angle, and thus spread outwards from the stem.[2] The leaf bases are broad and include a pair of short nerves.[2] The plant rarely produces capsules, so most of the species' reproduction is asexual.[6]
Distribution
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus has a circumpolar distribution in the
It has also been introduced to northeastern North America,[7] Tasmania and New Zealand, where it is now an invasive species.[8] The first specimen to be collected in the Southern Hemisphere was taken in 1974 in Dundas Creek, western Tasmania, but the first published record came the following year, from a golf course in Dunedin on New Zealand's South Island.[6]
Ecology
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rhytidiadelphus.squarrosus.jpg/220px-Rhytidiadelphus.squarrosus.jpg)
It tolerates a wide variety of soil conditions, from
Taxonomy
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus was formally named (as Hypnum squarrosum) by Johann Hedwig in his 1801 work Species Muscorum,[1] which is considered the starting point for the nomenclature of most mosses.[10]
Although R. squarrosus and R. subpinnatus have sometimes been considered varieties of a single species, particularly by botanists from the United States,
In contrast to R. triquetrus and R. loreus, R. squarrosus, R. subpinnatus and R. japonicus have leaves which are not pleated. R. squarrosus differs from R. japonicus in having a long point at the leaf tips, and from R. subpinnatus in the closer spacing of the leaves on the stem, such that the stem can only be seen through the bases of the leaves; in R. subpinnatus, parts of the stem are visible directly.[1]
A new genus, Rhytidiastrum, has been proposed for a group of species including R. squarrosus and R. subpinnatus, but not R. triquetrus.[1]
Response to herbicide application
In a study of the effect of the herbicide
Etymology
The genus name Rhytidiadelphus derives from the words Rhytidium and
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Joseph R. Rohrer (2008). "XXX. Hylocomiaceae". Bryophyte Flora of North America, Provisional Publication. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- ^ ]
- ^ R. G. Woods. "The lower plants of Cwm Rhaeadr Forest". Cilycwm.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- ^ "Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ a b Patrick Lilley (2006). "Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst". Bryophytes of Stanley Park. University of British Columbia. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- ^ Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- ^ doi:10.3119/08-7.1.
- ^ "Distribution, reproductive biology and population studies of the introduced moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus". University of Tasmania. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- ^ Alan Hale. "Rhytidiadelphus loreus". Mosses and liverworts in Wales. Archived from the original on April 7, 2008. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- ISBN 3-906166-48-1.
- PMID 18501641.
- ^ Rowntree, J. K.; Lawton, K. F.; Rumsey, F. J.; Sheffield, E. (2003). "Exposure to Asulox Inhibits the Growth of Mosses". Annals of Botany. 92 (4): 547–556.
External links
Data related to Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus at Wikispecies
Media related to Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus at Wikimedia Commons