Rolls-Royce Spey
Spey | |
---|---|
An RB.168 Mk 202 Spey as fitted to the F-4K Phantom | |
Type | Turbofan |
Manufacturer | Rolls-Royce Limited |
First run | 1964 |
Major applications | AMX International AMX BAC One-Eleven Fokker F28 Fellowship Blackburn Buccaneer McDonnell Douglas F-4K/M Phantom Xi'an JH-7 |
Number built | 2,768 |
Variants | Allison TF41 |
Developed into | Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay Rolls-Royce Marine Spey |
The Rolls-Royce Spey (company designations RB.163 and RB.168 and RB.183) is a low-bypass turbofan engine originally designed and manufactured by Rolls-Royce that has been in widespread service for over 40 years. A co-development version of the Spey between Rolls-Royce and Allison in the 1960s is the Allison TF41.
Intended for the smaller civilian jet airliner market when it was being designed in the late 1950s, the Spey concept was also used in various military engines, and later as a turboshaft engine for ships known as the Marine Spey, and even as the basis for a new civilian line, the Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay.
Aviation versions of the base model Spey have accumulated over 50 million hours of flight time.[1] In keeping with Rolls-Royce naming practices, the engine is named after the River Spey.
Design and development
In 1954 Rolls-Royce introduced the first commercial bypass engine, the
In 1980, Turbomecanica Bucharest acquired the license for the Spey 512-14 DW version, which propelled the Romanian built BAC One-Eleven aircraft (Rombac One-Eleven).[3]
Spey-powered airliners remained in widespread service until the 1980s, when noise limitations in European airports forced them out of service.
Tailored for the Buccaneer and Corsair II
In the late 1950s the Soviet Union started the development of the Sverdlov-class cruisers that would put the Royal Navy at serious risk. The Naval Air Warfare Division[4] decided to counter this threat with a strike aircraft which would fly at very high speed at very low level. The winning design was the Blackburn Buccaneer.
The first version of the Buccaneer, the S.1 powered by the de Havilland Gyron Junior, was underpowered in certain scenarios, although not in maximum speed, and the engine was unreliable.[5] The Spey was chosen in 1960 as a re-engining option to give more thrust for a Buccaneer Mk.2. It was also predicted to increase range by 80%.[6] The engine was a militarized version of the BAC 1-11 Spey, and called the RB.168-1. The Buccaneer S.2 served into the 1990s.
A Spey derivative, designed and developed jointly by Rolls-Royce and Allison for the LTV A-7 Corsair II, was produced under licence in the United States as the TF41.
F-4K and M Phantom
The
Reliability
During its lifetime the Spey has achieved an impressive safety record. Its relatively low maintenance costs provide one of the major reasons it remained in service even when newer designs were available. With the need for a 10,000 to 15,000 lbf (44 to 67 kN) thrust class engine, with better specific fuel consumption and lower noise and emission levels, Rolls-Royce used Spey turbomachinery with a much larger fan to produce the Rolls-Royce Tay.
AMX development
A fully updated version of the military RB.168 was also built to power the AMX International AMX attack aircraft.
Variants
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/RR_Spey.jpg/220px-RR_Spey.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rolls-Royce_Spey_202_at_RAF_Museum.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_Spey_202_at_RAF_Museum.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rolls-Royce_Spey.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_Spey.jpg)
- RB.141
- RB.163-1
- RB.163-2
- RB.163-2W
- RB.163 Mk.505-5
- RB.163 Mk.505-14
- RB.163 Mk.506-5
- RB.163 Mk.506-14
- RB.163 Mk.511-8
- Gulfstream II and Gulfstream III (USAF designation F113-RR-100 for the Gulfstream C-20)
- RB.163 Mk.511-14
- BAC One-Eleven
- RB.163 Mk.512-14DW
- BAC One-Eleven/Rombac One-Eleven
- AR 963
- (RB.163) Boeing 727 (proposed); it was to have been built under licence by Allison[9][10]
- RB.168-62
- RB.168 Mk.101
- (Military Spey) Blackburn Buccaneer S2
- RB.168 Mk.202
- (Military Spey) Thrust SSCland speed record car of 1997.)
- RB.168 Mk.250
- (Military Spey) Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR1/MR2
- RB.168 Mk.251
- (Military Spey) Hawker Siddeley Nimrod R1 and AEW
- RB.168 Mk.807
- FiatAvio
- AR 168R
- Joint development with Allison Engine Company for the TFX competition (won by the Pratt & Whitney TF30[11]
- RB.183 Mk 555-15 Spey Junior
- Fokker F28 Fellowship
- WS-9 Qinling
Marinised versions
- SM1A
- Marinised Spey delivering 18,770 shp
- SM1C
- Marinised Spey delivering 26,150 shp
Applications
- AMX International AMX
- BAC One-Eleven/Rombac One-Eleven
- Blackburn Buccaneer
- Fokker F28 Fellowship
- Grumman Gulfstream II
- Gulfstream III
- Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR1/R1/MR2/AEW3
- Hawker Siddeley Trident
- McDonnell Douglas Phantom FG1/FGR2
- Xian JH-7
- ThrustSSC
Engines on display
Examples of the Rolls-Royce Spey are on public display at the:
- Beijing Air and Space Museum
- Coventry Transport Museum
- Gatwick Aviation Museum
- Midland Air Museum
- Montrose Air Station Heritage Centre
- North East Land, Sea and Air Museums
- Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust
- Royal Air Force Museum Cosford
- Royal Air Force Museum London
- Yorkshire Air Museum
- East Midlands Aeropark
Specifications (Spey Mk 202)
Data from [citation needed]
General characteristics
- Type: Low bypass turbofan
- Length: 204.9 in (5204.4 mm)
- Diameter: 43.0 in (1092.2 mm)
- Dry weight: 4,093 lb (1856 kg)
Components
- Compressor: axial flow, 5-stage LP, 12-stage HP
- Combustors: 10 can-annular combustion chambers
- Turbine: 2-stage LP, 2-stage HP
Performance
- Maximum thrust: Dry thrust: 12,140 lbf (54 kN); with reheat: 20,500 lbf (91.2 kN)
- Air mass flow: 204lb/sec (92.53 kg/s)
- Specific fuel consumption: 1.95 lb/(lbf·h) with afterburner, 0.63 lb/(lbf·h) at military thrust
- Thrust-to-weight ratio: 5:1
See also
Related development
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
- ^ "Rolls-Royce Military Spey". Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ a b "World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines - 5th edition" by Bill Gunston, Sutton Publishing, 2006, p.197
- ^ About Turbomecanica
- ^ https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/research/RAF-Historical-Society-Journals/Journal-33-Seminar-Maritime-Operations.pdf, p.104
- ISBN 978 1 84415 688 7, p.42/43
- ISBN 1 85310 093 5, p.145
- ^ "Spey Powered Phantoms". Flying Review International. 22 (1): 8, 10. September 1966.
- ^ McDonnell F-4K Phantom FG.Mk.1
- ^ "Boeing 727" ANALYSING THE 727
- ^ Boeing's Trimotor: BACKGROUND TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 727
- ^ "Aeroengines 1962". Flight International: 1019. 28 June 1962.
- ^ https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1199&context=ilj [bare URL]
- ^ a b Fisher, Richard (27 May 2015). "ANALYSIS: Can China break the military aircraft engine bottleneck?". Flightglobal. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.
External links
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