Rudolf Resch
Rudolf Resch | |
---|---|
Born | 7 April 1914 Kamenz |
Died | 11 July 1943 Oryol | (aged 29)
Cause of death | Killed in action |
Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
Service/ | Luftwaffe |
Years of service | 1934–43 |
Rank | Major (major) |
Unit | J/88, Condor Legion JG 77, JG 52, JG 51 |
Commands held | 3./JG 77, 6./JG 52, IV./JG 51 |
Battles/wars | |
Awards | Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
Rudolf Resch (7 April 1914 – 11 July 1943) was a German
Born in Kamenz, Resch volunteered for service with the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War where he was assigned to Jagdgruppe 88 (J/88—88th Fighter Group). Following service in Spain, Resch was posted to Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) and became a Staffelkapitän (squadron leader). Serving in the Battle of France and Battle of Britain, he was then transferred to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing). He claimed his first aerial victory of World War II on 22 June 1941, the day German forces launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. On 6 September 1942, Resch was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross after 58 aerial victories claimed in World War II.
Resch was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of IV. Gruppe (4th group) of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) on 1 March 1943. He was killed in action on 11 July 1943, when he was shot down near Oryol during the Battle of Kursk.
Early life and career
Resch was born on 7 April 1914 in
World War II
World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Resch was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) in April 1940 during the "Phoney War" period of World War II. He replaced Oberleutnant Werner Eichel. The Staffel belonged to I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 77, at the time based in Odendorf, preparing for the upcoming Battle of France.[6] During the Battle of Britain on 31 August, Resch made a forced landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1 (Werknummer 3642—factory number) following aerial combat with the Royal Air Force (RAF) over the Thames Estuary.[7]
On 6 October 1940, Resch was transferred and made Staffelkapitän of 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing). He replaced Oberleutnant Werner Lederer in this function who was transferred.[8] The Staffel was subordinated to II. Gruppe of JG 52 which was headed by Hauptmann Wilhelm Ensslen.[9] In consequence, command of his former 3. Staffel of JG 77 passed on to Oberleutnant Karl-Gottfried Nordmann.[10] At the time, the Gruppe was based at Peuplingues near the English Channel and fighting the RAF during the Battle of Britain.[11] II. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Channel Front on 2 November and moved to München Gladbach, present-day Mönchengladbach, on 5 November for a period of rest and replenishment.[12] The Gruppe had also lost its commanding officer, Ensslen, who was killed in action on 2 November. Ensslen was replaced by Hauptmann Erich Woitke.[9] On 22 December, II. Gruppe was ordered to Leeuwarden Airfield where they were tasked with flying fighter patrols along the Dutch North Sea coast. On 15 January 1941, the Gruppe moved to Ypenburg Airfield where they stayed until 10 February.[13]
Operation Barbarossa
In preparation of
On 22 June, the German forces launched the attack on the Soviet Union which opened the Eastern Front. That day, Resch claimed his first aerial victory of World War II. He was credited with shooting down a Tupolev SB-2 bomber in the afternoon.[15][16] On 25 June, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Varėna in Lithuania which had previously been occupied by the Soviet Air Forces (VVS—Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily). Two days later, the Gruppe moved to Maladzyechna, supporting the advance Panzergruppe 3 near Barysaw.[17] Flying from this airfield, Resch claimed an Ilyushin DB-3 bomber shot down on 2 July.[18] Two days later, the Gruppe moved to Sloboda, east of Minsk, before moving to an airfield named Lepel-West at Lyepyel on 5 July. From this airfield, II. Gruppe flew combat air patrols and fighter escort missions to combat areas near Vitebsk and Haradok, supporting Panzergruppe 2 and 3 in their advance to Vitebsk and Polotsk.[19] Here, Resch claimed the destruction of a SB-3 bomber on 7 July.[20] On 12 July, the Gruppe moved to Kamary, an airfield in the western parts of Vitebsk.[21] Resch shot down a SB-2 bomber on 17 July.[20] On 22 July, II. Gruppe advanced to the airfield Andrejewka near Smolensk where it stayed until 5 August.[22] Operating from Andrejewka, Resch shot down another SB-2 bomber on 27 July.[23]
II. Gruppe was ordered to relocate to
On 2 October, German forces launched
Eastern Front
In late January 1942, II. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front and sent to Jesau near
On 1 June, II. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Grakowo, located approximately halfway between
Following several relocations, II. Gruppe was ordered to Tusov on 20 August. Located approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) southwest of
Group commander
Resch was appointed
On the afternoon of 11 April, IV. Gruppe escorted 16 Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers from III. Gruppe of Sturzkampfgeschwader 1 (StG 1—1st Dive Bomber Wing) on a bombing mission to various targets near Kursk. On this mission, Resch claimed two LaGG-3 fighters shot down north of Kursk.[59] The Gruppe flew missions to the combat area south and southeast of Oryol on 25 April. That day, Resch claimed a MiG-3 fighter shot down.[60] The following day, the Gruppe was ordered to the airfield named Sjablowo, a satellite airfield near Oryol.[61] On 7 May, large Soviet bomber and ground attack aircraft units attacked Luftwaffe airfields in the area of Oryol and Bryansk. Defending against this attack, Resch was credited with destruction of an Il-2 ground attack aircraft.[62] Resch was then credited with shooting down a Yak-1 fighter east of Verkhovye on 11 May. The following day, he claimed a LaGG-3 shot down south Oryol, the only claim by IV. Gruppe that day.[63] On 2 June, IV. Gruppe flew escort missions and combat air patrols to Kursk. Without loss, IV. Gruppe pilots claimed 13 aerial victories, including two LaGG-3 fighters by Resch.[64] Combat on 8 June, led the Gruppe to an area east and southeast of Oryol. On two separate missions, Resch shot down a LaGG-3 fighter in the morning and a La-5 fighter later that evening.[65]
Operation Citadel and death
On 5 July, German forces launched Operation Citadel in a failed attempt to eliminate the Kursk salient that initiated the Battle of Kursk. In preparation of this operation, IV. Gruppe was ordered to an airfield named Oryol-West and supported Generaloberst Walter Model's 9th Army on the northern pincer. That day, pilots of the Gruppe flew up to five combat missions in the combat area near Maloarkhangelsk. The Gruppe escorted bombers from Kampfgeschwader 4 (KG 4—4th Bomber Wing), KG 51 and KG 53 as well as Ju 87 dive bombers from StG 1.[66] The Gruppe claimed 36 aerial victories that day, including two La-5 fighters by Resch, one northeast of Maloarkhangelsk and another south-southeast of Trosna.[67]
In the early morning of 6 July, Resch shot down Leytnant Yevgeniy Stepanov from the 157 IAP (Fighter Aviation Regiment—Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk).[68] On 8 July, the Gruppe flew multiple missions in support of the Army near Ponyri as well as escort missions for Ju 87 dive bombers from StG 1. In their defense, Resch shot down a Yak-1 fighter west of Livny and a La-5 fighter west of Maloarkhangelsk. The next day, the 9th Army was fighting near Olkhovatka and Ponyri. The Gruppe claimed 24 aerial victories, including a LaGG-3 fighter and an Il-2 ground attack aircraft by Resch.[69] On 11 July, Resch claimed another Il-2 ground attack aircraft.[70] He was then shot down and killed in action in his Fw 190 A-5 (Werknummer 7264) near Judinka, the combat area near Maloarkhangelsk.[71][72][73] He was succeeded by Major Hans-Ekkehard Bob as commander of IV. Gruppe.[54]
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Resch was credited with 93 aerial victories during World War II.[74] Spick lists Resch with 94 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number combat missions. This figure includes 93 aerial victories on the Eastern Front, and one further victory during the Spanish Civil War.[75] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 93 aerial victory claims. This number includes one claim during the Spanish Civil War and 65 on the Eastern Front.[76]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 44243". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
| |||||||||
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgruppe 88 –[4] Spanish Civil War | |||||||||
1 | 17 July 1938 | —
|
I-15 | ||||||
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[4] Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941 | |||||||||
2 | 22 June 1941 | 16:30 | SB-2[15] | 13 | 5 September 1941 | 18:30 | R-5[30] | ||
3?[Note 1] | 2 July 1941 | 19:27 | DB-3 | Lukamly[4][18] | 14 | 11 September 1941 | 08:53 | I-18 (MiG-1)[30] | |
4 | 7 July 1941 | 05:50 | SB-3[20] | 15 | 12 September 1941 | 09:15 | I-18 (MiG-1) | east of Szarja[30] | |
5 | 17 July 1941 | 13:12 | SB-2[20] | 16 | 26 September 1941 | 10:19 | I-18 (MiG-1)[30] | ||
6 | 27 July 1941 | 11:18 | SB-2[23] | 17 | 27 September 1941 | 11:40 | I-18 (MiG-1)[34] | ||
7 | 16 August 1941 | 05:46 | I-18 (MiG-1)[23] | 18 | 3 October 1941 | 15:50 | I-18 (MiG-1)[34] | ||
8 | 19 August 1941 | 06:51 | I-18 (MiG-1)[27] | 19 | 8 October 1941 | 12:10 | I-16 | 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Rzhev[34] | |
9 | 25 August 1941 | 12:57 | I-18 (MiG-1)[27] | 20 | 17 October 1941 | 15:45 | I-18 (MiG-1)[34] | ||
10 | 26 August 1941 | 16:32 | I-18 (MiG-1)[27] | 21 | 17 October 1941 | 15:55 | I-18 (MiG-1)[34] | ||
11 | 26 August 1941 | 16:35 | I-18 (MiG-1)[27] | 22 | 18 October 1941 | 09:45 | DB-3[34] | ||
12 | 2 September 1941 | 12:15 | I-18 (MiG-1)[30] | 23 | 18 October 1941 | 09:50 | DB-3[34] | ||
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[78] Eastern Front — 7 May 1942 – 3 February 1943 | |||||||||
24 | 8 May 1942 | 12:10 | Il-2[40] | 50 | 29 August 1942 | 13:14 | LaGG-3 | PQ 44243 Stalingrad
| |
25 | 15 May 1942 | 18:40 | I-153[40] | 51 | 30 August 1942 | 13:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49213[79] northeast of Grebenka | |
26 | 20 May 1942 | 13:35 | MiG-1 | southeast of Gussarowka[40] | 52 | 31 August 1942 | 09:38?[Note 2] | LaGG-3 | PQ 49533[81] 35–40 km (22–25 mi) south of Stalingrad |
27 | 21 May 1942 | 18:30 | MiG-1[40] | 53 | 7 September 1942 | 06:04 | LaGG-3 | PQ 44453[81] south of Mozdok | |
28 | 22 May 1942 | 07:30 | MiG-1[40] | 54 | 7 September 1942 | 09:30?[Note 3] | MiG-1 | PQ 44634[81] | |
29 | 26 May 1942 | 14:30 | V-11 (Il-2)[40] | 55 | 8 September 1942 | 13:35?[Note 4] | R-5 | PQ 44634[81] | |
30 | 26 May 1942 | 15:36 | Pe-2[40] | 56 | 12 September 1942 | 16:45 | LaGG-3 | PQ 44613[81] | |
31 | 1 June 1942 | 09:25 | Il-2[45] | 57 | 17 September 1942 | 07:00 | MiG-1 | PQ 44633[81] | |
32 | 10 June 1942 | 13:15 | Il-2 | north of Bakejewka[45] | 58 | 17 September 1942 | 11:45 | LaGG-3 | PQ 54374[81] |
33 | 10 June 1942 | 18:25 | MiG-1[45] | 59 | 23 September 1942 | 12:25 | I-153 | PQ 95551[82] 30 km (19 mi) north of Tuapse | |
34 | 13 June 1942 | 10:32 | LaGG-3[45] | 60 | 5 October 1942 | 14:30?[Note 5] | Yak-1 | PQ 95723[82] | |
35 | 13 June 1942 | 17:15 | LaGG-3[45] | 61 | 6 October 1942 | 09:42 | Pe-2 | PQ 95693[82] 40 km (25 mi) south-southwest of Maykop | |
36 | 19 July 1942 | 11:43 | LaGG-3[83] | 62 | 10 October 1942 | 15:15 | Yak-1 | PQ 95722[82] 20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Tuapse | |
37 | 20 July 1942 | 08:45 | LaGG-3[84] | 63 | 11 October 1942 | 13:40 | Yak-1 | PQ 95747[82] vicinity of Tuapse | |
38 | 20 July 1942 | 08:55 | LaGG-3[84] | 64 | 11 October 1942 | 13:48 | Yak-1 | PQ 95783[82] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Tuapse | |
39 | 24 July 1942 | 07:05 | Su-2 (Seversky) | PQ 18562[84] | 65 | 16 October 1942 | 12:35 | Yak-1 | PQ 94132[82] |
40 | 25 July 1942 | 08:00 | I-153 | PQ 18842[84] 40 km (25 mi) west-northwest of Mykolaiv |
66 | 29 October 1942 | 15:35 | Yak-1 | PQ 95722[85] 20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Tuapse |
41 | 25 July 1942 | 08:28 | I-16 | PQ 18391[84] | 67 | 7 January 1943 | 13:45 | La-5 | PQ 28762[86] |
42 | 25 July 1942 | 08:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 18384[84] | 68 | 10 January 1943 | 06:20 | La-5 | PQ 27121[86] east of Mykolaiv |
43 | 23 August 1942 | 09:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49193[87] Stalingrad |
69 | 10 January 1943 | 06:21 | La-5 | PQ 27121[86] east of Mykolaiv |
44 | 24 August 1942 | 12:30 | MiG-3 | PQ 44352[88] 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Stalingrad |
70 | 26 January 1943 | 11:30 | La-5 | PQ 0864[86] |
45 | 25 August 1942 | 12:40 | Yak-1 | PQ 59171[88] | 71 | 30 January 1943 | 07:13 | La-5 | PQ 08681, southwest of Ssaraiski[86] |
46 | 25 August 1942 | 17:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49112[88] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Stalingrad |
72 | 30 January 1943 | 07:55 | La-5 | PQ 08691[86] |
47 | 26 August 1942 | 08:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49244[88] 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Stalingrad |
73 | 30 January 1943 | 12:45 | La-5 | PQ 0883[86] |
48 | 27 August 1942 | 12:14 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49273[79] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Stalingrad |
74 | 2 February 1943 | 08:10 | Yak-1 | PQ 1867[89] |
49 | 28 August 1942 | 05:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49221[79] 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Stalingrad |
75 | 2 February 1943 | 13:30 | Yak-1 | PQ 08732[89] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Novocherkassk |
– Stab IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[90] Eastern Front — 4 February – 11 July 1943 | |||||||||
76 | 23 March 1943 | 14:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 44262[91] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Zhizdra |
85 | 8 June 1943 | 19:40 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63122[92] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Oryol |
77 | 11 April 1943 | 14:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 62181[91] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Kursk |
86 | 5 July 1943 | 18:35 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63612[93] 5 km (3.1 mi) northeast of Maloarkhangelsk |
78 | 11 April 1943 | 14:12 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 62181[91] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Kursk |
87 | 5 July 1943 | 18:59 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63572[93] 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Trosna |
?[Note 6] | 25 April 1943 | 10:35 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 53482[91] | 88 | 6 July 1943 | 06:25 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 63563[93] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk |
79 | 7 May 1943 | 05:15 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54862[92] 20 km (12 mi) north-northwest of Oryol |
89 | 8 July 1943 | 08:05 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 73574[70] 20 km (12 mi) west of Livny |
80 | 11 May 1943 | 18:05 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 73163[92] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Verkhovye |
90 | 8 July 1943 | 09:55 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63553[70] 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk |
81 | 12 May 1943 | 08:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63592[92] 15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
91 | 9 July 1943 | 08:34 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63574[70] 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Trosna |
82 | 2 June 1943 | 03:53 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 62113[92] 25 km (16 mi) north-northwest of Kursk |
92 | 9 July 1943 | 08:36 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63573[70] 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Trosna |
83 | 2 June 1943 | 10:43 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63793[92] 15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Zolotukhino |
93 | 11 July 1943 | 11:50 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63393[70] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
84 | 8 June 1943 | 09:36 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63414[92] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Zmiyekka |
Awards
- Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords (14 April 1939)[4]
- German Cross in Gold on 27 July 1942 as Hauptmann in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 52[95]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 6 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Staffelkapitän of the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52[96][Note 7]
Notes
- ^ This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[15]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 08:50.[80]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:50.[80]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:30.[80]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:50.[80]
- ^ This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[80]
- ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 6./Jagdgeschwader 52.[97]
References
Citations
- ^ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
- ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 185.
- ^ Braatz 2010, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1032.
- ^ Braatz 2010, p. 40.
- ^ Prien et al. 2001, pp. 453–454.
- ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 107.
- ^ Schreier 1990, p. 189.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2002, p. 151.
- ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 101.
- ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 144.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 38–39.
- ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 149.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 26.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 41.
- ^ Weal 2007, p. 10.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 27.
- ^ a b Barbas 2005, p. 328.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 77–78.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2003, p. 42.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 28.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 78.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 43.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 79.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 43–44.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 29, 31.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2003, p. 44.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 80.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 31.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2003, p. 45.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 329.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 45–46.
- ^ a b Barbas 2005, p. 81.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2003, p. 46.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 33.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 446.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 447.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 285.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 101.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2006, p. 481.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 102–103.
- ^ a b Barbas 2005, p. 103.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 330.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 104.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 482.
- ^ a b Barbas 2005, p. 331.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 502.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 104–106.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, pp. 485–486.
- ^ a b Barbas 2005, p. 106.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 107.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 333–334.
- ^ Weal 2004, p. 122.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 143.
- ^ Aders & Held 1993, pp. 134, 251.
- ^ Weal 2007, p. 33.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 96–97.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 100–101.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 104.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 106, 147.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 107.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 109, 148.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 110.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 112, 148.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 114, 148.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 117.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 117, 149.
- ^ Bergström 2007, p. 48.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 119, 150.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 150.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 120, 158.
- ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 136.
- ^ Weal 2006, p. 93.
- ^ Zabecki 2014, p. 1614.
- ^ Spick 1996, p. 234.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1032–1034.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1032–1033.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 489.
- ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1033.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 490.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 491.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 485.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2006, p. 486.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 492.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 498.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 487.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 488.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 499.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1033–1034.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 147.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 148.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 149.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 169.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 374.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 355.
- ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 624.
Bibliography
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- Barbas, Bernd (2005). Die Geschichte der II. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 2nd Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). ISBN 978-3-923457-71-7.
- Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-903223-88-8.
- ISBN 978-3-9811615-5-7.
- ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
- Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 3 M–R. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-20-2.
- Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
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- Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
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