Russian destroyer Steregushchiy (1903)
bow indicates a name starting with "P" (Cyrillic "П"), suggesting it is a photograph of a different Sokol-class destroyer, perhaps Prozorliviy .
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History | |
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Russian Empire | |
Name | Kulik |
Namesake | Curlew |
Builder | Nevsky Works, Saint Petersburg, Russia |
Laid down | 1900 |
Launched | June 1902 |
Renamed | Steregushchiy |
Namesake | Guardian |
Commissioned | August 1903 |
Fate | Sunk 10 March [O.S. 26 February] 1904 |
General characteristics | |
Type | Sokol-class destroyer |
Displacement | 258 long tons (262 t) |
Length | 57.91 m (190 ft 0 in) |
Beam | 5.67 m (18 ft 7 in) |
Draught | 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) |
Propulsion | 2 x vertical triple expansion steam engines, 8 x Yarrow boilers , 3,800 hp (2,834 kW), 2 shafts, 60 tons coal |
Speed | 25.75 knots (47.69 km/h; 29.63 mph) |
Range | 660 nautical miles (1,200 km; 760 mi) |
Complement | 52 (4 officers, 48 enlisted men ) |
Armament |
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Service record | |
Operations: |
Steregushchiy (Стерегущий, English "
Construction and commissioning
Service history
Steregushchiy was at Port Arthur when the Russo-Japanese War began on the evening of 8 February [O.S. 26 January] 1904 with the Battle of Port Arthur, a surprise Imperial Japanese Navy attack on Russian ships in the outer roadstead there. At dawn on 9 February [O.S. 27 January] 1904, two pairs of Russian destroyers – one of them consisting of Steregushchiy and her sister ship Reshitel‘nyi — sortied to attack the Japanese ships off Port Arthur. The Japanese opened gunfire on the Russian destroyers, preventing them from getting close enough to launch torpedoes, and they received orders to return to Port Arthur. Several Japanese shells struck Steregushchiy, but Reshitel‘nyi received no hits.
On the night of 9–10 March [O.S. 25–26 February] 1904, the 2nd Destroyer Detachment, consisting of Steregushchiy and Reshitel‘nyi, conducted a reconnaissance of either the Elliot Islands in the Yellow Sea or the inner harbor at Thornton Haven on the coast of China,[2] or perhaps both (sources are unclear). While returning to Port Arthur in the predawn hours of 10 March [O.S. 26 February] 1904, they had to alter course farther out to sea to avoid a Japanese cruiser and a force of Japanese destroyers.[3] As they approached Port Arthur from the south-southeast they encountered another Japanese force consisting of the protected cruiser Chitose and the destroyers Akebono, Sazanami, Shinonome, and Usugumo.[3] As the Japanese moved to cut them off from Port Arthur, Steregushchiy and Reshitel‘nyi turned to starboard and made for the shelter of Russian minefields off Dalniy.[3] With superior speed, the Japanese destroyers closed to a range of 300 metres (330 yd), and the two sides opened gunfire on one another.[3]
The Russians scored a number of hits on the Japanese ships, but at 06:40 a Japanese shell detonated in one of Steregushchiy′s coal bunkers, damaging two of her boilers and causing her speed to drop off quickly.[3] Stoker Ivan Khirinsky, soon joined by Machinist 2nd Class Vasily Novikov, went to the upper deck to report the damage. Reshitel‘nyi also suffered a shell hit which knocked out one of her boilers, but she managed to keep her speed up and reach waters within range of Russian coastal artillery at daybreak.[3] As Reshitel‘nyi again altered course toward Port Arthur, where she arrived safely, the coastal artillery opened fire on the Japanese and discouraged them from continuing the chase.[3]
Giving up their pursuit of Reshitel‘nyi, the Japanese closed with the limping Steregushchiy. The Japanese destroyers were larger and more heavily armed than Steregushchiy, and they opened an overwhelming fire on her in broad daylight.
During the unequal fight, Japanese shell hits brought down all of Steregushchiy′s
The Japanese ships ceased fire and gathered around the destroyers′
Honors, awards, and commemoration
Upon their repatriation to Russia, Khirinsky, Osinin, Novikov, and Yuryev were award the
On 23 May [
A later
corvettes.In 1962, a small island in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago in the Russian high Arctic was named after Steregushchiy.[10]
An Imperial Russian Navy destroyer, Leitenant Sergeev, was named for Steregushchiy′s commanding officer Alexander Semyonovich Sergeev. In Kursk, Sergeev's home town, School No. 18 is named for him. The school's anthem, "Pesnya o 'Steregushchem'" (Песня о „Стерегущем», English "Song of the Guardian"), with music by Viktor Mezentsev and lyrics by Vasily Zolotorev, was first performed on 10 March 2004.[11]
The Imperial Russian Navy torpedo boat Inzhener-mekhanik Anastasov was named for Steregushchiy′s engineering officer, Vladimir Spiridonovich Anastasov.
In popular culture
The popular song "Gibel' „Steregushchego“" ("Гибель „Стерегущего“", English "The Death of the Guardian"), performed by the singer Zhanna Bichevskaya, is about the sinking of Steregushchiy.
Steregushchiy′s final battle is mentioned in the book Kreysera (Крейсера, English "Cruisers") by Valentin Pikul.
Aleksandr Kharitanovsky based his novel Gospoda Ofitsery! (Господа офицеры!, English "Gentlemen Officers!") on the fate of Sergeev and Steregushchiy.
References
Citations
- ^ a b c Conway's 1860–1905, p. 206.
- ^ Corbett, Vol. I, p. 148.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Corbett, Vol. I, p. 149.
- ^ a b c Corbett, Vol. I, p. 150.
- ^ "Description of the military operations of the Japanese fleet at sea in 1904–1905," compiled by the Naval General Staff in Tokyo.
- ^ "Открытый 10 мая в Петербурге в Высочайшем присутствии памятник героям миноносца "Стерегущий" с льющимися из открытого иллюминатора потоком воды ("Opened on May 10 in St. Petersburg in the Highest Presence, a monument to the heroes of the destroyer "Steregushchiy" with a stream of water pouring from an open porthole")" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- ISBN 5-89365-005-0. (in Russian)
- ^ Привалов В. Д. Каменноостровский проспект. — М.: Центрполиграф ("Privalov V.D., Kamennoostrovsky prospect. — M.: Tsentrpoligraf"), 2005. — 639 p. — ISBN 5-9524-1882-1 (in Russian)
- ISBN 5-85560-153-6. ("K. K. Bulla (photo). Monument to the heroes of the Guardian . "ISKRA". Illustrated art-literary and humorous magazine with caricatures. Published weekly by the newspaper Russkoe Slovo. No. 20, Sunday, May 22, 1911 . "One fact". Universal city newspaper. Odintsovo and Odintsovo district") (in Russian) Retrieved 10 March 2012. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012.
- ISBN 5-85560-153-6. ("Popov S. V., Appendix 2 // Autographs on maps. - Arkhangelsk: North-Western Book Publishing House, 1990") (in Russian)
- ^ "Сайт школы № 18 города Курска" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2009-02-20. ("Website of school number 18 of the city of Kursk")
Bibliography
- Corbett, Julian S. (1994). Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905, Volume I. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-129-7.
- Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860–1905. New York: Mayflower Books, Inc. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
Further reading
- Харитановский А.А. (1997). "Сергеев Александр Семёнович". Курск. Краеведческий словарь-справочник (10000 экз ed.). Курск: ЮМЭКС. p. 353. ISBN 5-89365-005-0. (Kharitanovsky A.A., "Sergeev Alexander Semyonovich // Kursk. Local history dictionary-reference book. - Kursk: YuMEKS, 1997") (in Russian)
- Служение курян русскому флоту: К 100-летию подвига миноносца «Стерегущий» и Русско-японской войны 1904—1905 гг.: Сборник научных статей и материалов юбилейной конференции. / Под ред. Ю. Ф. Мелихова. — Курск: Курский государственный университет, 2005. ("Serving the Kuryans to the Russian Fleet: On the 100th Anniversary of the Destroyer Steregushchiy and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905: Collection of Scientific Articles and Materials of the Anniversary Conference / Ed. Yu. F. Melikhova. – Kursk: Kursk State University, 2005") (in Russian)