SMS Triglav (1917)
| History | |
|---|---|
 Austria-Hungary | |
| Name | Triglav |
| Builder | Ganz-Danubius, Porto Ré, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , Austro-Hungarian Empire |
| Laid down | 24 August 1916 |
| Launched | 24 February 1917 |
| Completed | 21 July 1917 |
| Fate | Ceded to Italy, 1920 |
 Kingdom of Italy | |
| Name | Grado |
| Acquired | 1920 |
| Stricken | 30 September 1937 |
| Fate | Scrapped, 1937 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Ersatz Triglav-class destroyer |
| Displacement | |
| Length | 85.28 m (279 ft 9 in) ( o/a ) |
| Beam | 7.8 m (25 ft 7 in) |
| Draft | 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) (deep load) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion | 2 × shafts; 2 × steam turbines |
| Speed | 32.6 knots (60.4 km/h; 37.5 mph) |
| Range | 500 nmi (930 km; 580 mi) at full speed |
| Complement | 114 |
| Armament |
|
SMS Triglav
Background and description
The loss of two Tátra-class destroyers in the 1st Battle of Durazzo in 1915 caused the Austro-Hungarian Navy to begin construction of four improved versions of the Tátras the following year.
The Ersatz Triglav-class ships were slightly longer than the Tátras with an
The destroyers were powered by two
The main armament of the Ersatz Triglav-class destroyers consisted of two
Construction and service
The four Ersatz Triglav-class destroyers were ordered on 19 January 1916.
First World War
On 19 November 1917, Triglav, together with the destroyer
On the night of 22/23 April 1918, Triglav, together with the destroyers Csepel, Dukla, Lika and Uzsok, under the command of Fregattenkapitän Karl Herkner aboard Triglav, carried out a raid into the Strait of Otranto with the objective of attacking shipping between Italy and Albania. They encountered the patrolling British destroyers Hornet and Jackal, and opened fire on the British ships after Hornet challenged the Austro-Hungarian ships. Both British ships were hit, with Hornet suffering a magazine explosion and a jammed rudder, but Herkner broke off the engagement after about 15 minutes, as Allied reinforcements were likely to arrive soon. Jackal pursued the retiring Austro-Hungarian ships and was joined by the British destroyer Alarm, the Australian Torrens and the French Cimeterre, but the faster Austro-Hungarian ships pulled away from the Allied destroyers and escaped unharmed.[8] In June 1918, Rear Admiral Miklós Horthy, Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian fleet, planned a large-scale attack by the Austro-Hungarian Fleet against the Otranto Barrage. Triglav, together with her three sister-ships and the cruisers Novara and Helgoland, were to attack between Fano and Santa Maria di Leuca, while a second group consisting of the cruisers Admiral Spaun and Saida and four torpedo-boats would attack near Otranto, with the Austro-Hungarian battleships deployed to engage any Allied ships that sortied in response. The operation was cancelled, however, when the battleship Szent István was sunk by an Italian motor torpedo boat early on 10 June.[4][9][10]
End of the war
By October 1918 it had become clear that Austria-Hungary was facing defeat in the war. With various attempts to quell nationalist sentiments failing,
The following day the National Council in Zagreb announced Croatia's dynastic ties to Hungary had come to an end. This new provisional government, while throwing off Hungarian rule, had not yet declared independence from Austria-Hungary. Thus Emperor Karl I's government in Vienna asked the newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs for help maintaining the fleet stationed at Pola and keeping order among the navy. The National Council refused to assist unless the Austro-Hungarian Navy was first placed under its command. Emperor Karl I, still attempting to save the Empire from collapse, agreed to the transfer, provided that the other "nations" which made up Austria-Hungary would be able to claim their fair share of the value of the fleet at a later time. All sailors not of Slovene, Croatian, Bosnian, or Serbian background were placed on leave for the time being, while the officers were given the choice of joining the new navy or retiring.[12]
The Austro-Hungarian government thus decided to hand over the bulk of its fleet, preferring to do that rather than give the fleet to the Allies, as the new state had declared its neutrality. Furthermore, the newly formed state had also not yet publicly dethroned Emperor Karl I, keeping the possibility of reforming the Empire into a triple monarchy alive.[13]
Post-war
On 3 November the Austro-Hungarian government signed the
Notes
- Seiner Majestät Schiff", or "His Majesty's Ship".
Citations
- ^ Freivogel, p. 140
- ^ a b Sieche 1985a, p. 338
- ^ a b Freivogel, pp. 139—140
- ^ a b c Sieche 1996, p. 36
- ^ Greger 1976, p. 47
- ^ a b c Fock 1989, p. 410
- ^ Halpern 1987, p. 411
- ^ Halpern 2004, pp. 137–142
- ^ Halpern 1987, pp. 501–502
- ^ Halpern 2004, pp. 142–143
- ^ Sondhaus 1994, pp. 350–351
- ^ Sokol, pp. 136–137, 139; Sondhaus 1994, pp. 351–352
- ^ Halpern 1994, p. 177; Sokol 1968, pp. 136–137, 139; Sondhaus 1994, pp. 353–354
- ^ Sieche 1985a, p. 329
- ^ Sieche 1985b, pp. 137–140
- ^ Sondhaus 1994, pp. 357–359
- ^ Dodson & Cant, p. 143
Bibliography
- Bilzer, Franz F. (1990). Die Torpedoschiffe und Zerstörer der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine 1867–1918 [Torpedo Boats and Destroyers of the Imperial and Royal Navy 1867–1918] (in German). Graz: H. Weishaupt. ISBN 3-9003-1066-1.
- Cernuschi, Enrico & O'Hara, Vincent (2016). "The Naval War in the Adriatic, Part 2: 1917–1918". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2016. London: Conway. pp. 62–75. ISBN 978-1-84486-326-6.
- Dodson, Aidan & Cant, Serena (2020). Spoils of War: The Fate of Enemy Fleets after Two World Wars. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-4198-1.
- Fock, Harald (1989). Z-Vor!: Internationale Entwicklung und Kriegseinsätze von Zerstörern und Torpedobooten: 1914 bis 1939 (in German). Herford, Germany: Koelers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. ISBN 3-7822-0207-4.
- Freivogel, Zvonimir (2021). Austro-Hungarian Destroyers in World War One. Zagreb: Despot Infinitus. ISBN 978-953-366-051-6.
- Greger, René (1976). Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0623-7.
- ISBN 0-253-34379-8.
- Halpern, Paul G. (1987). The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1914–1918. Annapolis, Maryland, US: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-448-9.
- Halpern, Paul G. (1994). A Naval History of World War I. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-352-4.
- Noppen, Ryan K. (2016). Austro-Hungarian Cruisers and Destroyers 1914-18. New Vanguard. Vol. 241. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-1470-8.
- O'Hara, Vincent P. & Heinz, Leonard R. (2017). Clash of Fleets: Naval Battles of the Great War, 1914-18. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-68247-008-4.
- Sieche, Erwin (1985a). "Austria-Hungary". In Gray, Randal (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 326–347. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
- Sieche, Erwin (1996). Torpedoschiffe und Zerstörer der K. u. K. Marine [Torpedo Boats and Destroyers of the Imperial and Royal Navy]. Marine-Arsenal (in German). Vol. 34. Wölfersheim-Berstadt, Germany: Pozdun-Pallas-Verlag. ISBN 3-7909-0546-1.
- Sieche, Erwin F. (1985b). "Zeittafel der Vorgange rund um die Auflosung und Ubergabe der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine 1918–1923". Marine—Gestern, Heute (in German). 12 (1): 129–141.
- Sokol, Anthony (1968). The Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Navy. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. OCLC 462208412.
- Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994). The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918: Navalism, Industrial Development, and the Politics of Dualism. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-034-9.
 Austro-Hungarian Navy | |
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 French Navy |
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 Regia Marina |
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