SM UB-12
History | |
---|---|
German Empire | |
Name | UB-12 |
Ordered | 15 October 1914[1] |
Builder | AG Weser, Bremen[2] |
Yard number | 221[1] |
Laid down | 7 November 1914[1] |
Launched | 2 March 1915[1] |
Commissioned | 29 March 1915[1] |
Fate | Disappeared after 19 August 1918[1] |
General characteristics [3] | |
Class and type | German Type UB I submarine |
Displacement |
|
Length | 27.88 m (91 ft 6 in) ( o/a ) |
Beam | 3.15 m (10 ft 4 in) |
Draft | 3.03 m (9 ft 11 in) |
Propulsion |
|
Speed |
|
Range |
|
Test depth | 50 metres (160 ft) |
Complement | 14 |
Armament |
|
Notes | 33-second diving time |
Service record | |
Part of: |
|
Commanders: |
|
Operations: | 98 patrols |
Victories: |
SM UB-12 was a German
UB-12 was ordered in October 1914 and was
UB-12 spent her entire career in the
Design and construction
After the
UB-12 was part of the initial allotment of seven submarines—numbered
UB-12 was armed with two 45-centimeter (17.7 in) torpedoes in two bow torpedo tubes. She was also outfitted for a single 8-millimeter (0.31 in) machine gun on deck. UB-12's standard complement consisted of one officer and thirteen enlisted men.[16]
After work on UB-12 was complete at the Weser yard, she was readied for rail shipment. The process of shipping a UB I boat involved breaking the submarine down into what was essentially a
Early career
The submarine was
On 24 July, Nieland and UB-12 sank four British fishing vessels while patrolling between 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) east-northeast of
On 21 November, Nieland was succeeded by Oberleutnant zur See (Oblt.) Wilhelm Kiel in command of UB-12.[25] Under Kiel's command, UB-12 sank three ships on 21 February 1916: the 92 GRT Belgian fishing ship La Petite Henriette,[26] the largest sunk to-date by UB-12,[19] and another pair of British smacks, Oleander and W.E. Brown.[27]
UB-12 sank her largest ship, Silksworth Hall of 4,777
Grand Fleet ambush attempts
In mid-May, Scheer completed plans to draw out part of the British
A delayed departure of the German High Seas Fleet for its sortie (which had been redirected to the Skagerrak) and the failure of several of the U-boats stationed to the north to receive the coded message warning of the British advance caused Scheer's anticipated ambush to be a "complete and disappointing failure".[32] In UB-12's group, only UB-10 sighted the Harwich forces, and they were too far away to mount an attack.[32] The failure of the submarine ambush to sink any British capital ships allowed the full Grand Fleet to engage the numerically inferior High Seas Fleet in the Battle of Jutland, which took place 31 May – 1 June.[33]
Kapitänleutnant Georg Gerth took command of UB-12 on 26 June,[34] Oblt.Kiel was assigned to command the new minelaying submarine UC-18.[25] Two months later, Admiral Scheer set up another ambush for the British fleet with plans for another High Seas Fleet raid on Sunderland (as had been the original intention in May). The German fleet planned to depart late in the day on 18 August and shell military targets the next morning. As in May, UB-12 was part of a group intended to attack the Harwich forces. As one of five boats forming the second line of boats from the Flanders Flotilla,[Note 5] UB-12 was stationed off Texel by the morning of 20 August.[35] Once again, British intelligence had given warning of the impending attack and ambush, causing the Grand Fleet to sortie at 16:00 on 18 August, five hours before the German fleet sailed. Faulty intelligence caused Scheer initially to divert from Sunderland, and then to eventually call off the whole operation. Although U-boats to the north sank two British light cruisers,[Note 6] UB-12 and her group played no part in the action.[35]
In September, Gerth led UB-12 in sinking two more ships and capturing a third ship as a prize. The 313 GRT Norwegian steamer Rilda was sunk on 6 September,[36] while the 55 GRT Marjorie was sunk on the 28th.[37] In between the Dutch ship Niobe was seized as a prize on the 7th.[38]
Conversion to minelayer
UB-12 and three sister boats—UB-10, UB-16, and UB-17—were all converted to
During this same time, Kapt. Gerth was transferred to SM UC-61,[34] and replaced on UB-12 by Oblt. Friedrich Moecke in early November.[40] Moecke was, in turn, replaced by Oblt. Ernst Steindorff in January 1917.[41]
By March, the newly converted submarine had begun laying mines off the French coast. The
In May, UB-12 was on a patrol with UB-39 in the English Channel.[45] On the night of 14/15 May while UB-12 was on the surface,[46] Steindorff noted a large underwater explosion some miles away in a British minefield, and when UB-39 failed to return to Zeebrugge, one of the bases for the Flanders Flotilla, reported what was likely the demise of UB-39 at the hands of a British mine.[47]
April found two more victims added to UB-12's tally. On the 20th, Nepaulin, another British auxiliary minesweeper was lost on one of UB-12's mines near the Dyck Lightvessel.[48] Six days later, the British steamer Alhama was mined while loaded with pit props destined for Dunkirk.[49] The 1,744 GRT cargo ship was the largest ship sunk by UB-12 since the Silksworth Hall, sunk the previous April. UB-12 sank another two ships under Steindorff's command, one each in June and July.[19] The steamer Dulwich—carrying coal from Seaham for London—was mined and sunk with the loss of five men on 10 June.[50] One month later, the French patrol vessel Jupiter I was mined off Calais.[51] These were the last two ships credited to mines from UB-12 for the next fourteen months.[19]
Fate
UB-12's activities over the next year are not well documented, and no specific record of her can be found in English-language sources. However, it is known that during this period, she was helmed by four different commanders,
Some two months after UB-12's presumed loss, she was credited with the sinking of her final ship.[19] On 27 October, two weeks before the end of the war, the 92 GRT British ship Calceolaria struck one of UB-12's mines near the Elbow Lightvessel and sank.[55]
Summary of raiding history
Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 7] | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
24 July 1915 | Activity | United Kingdom | 56 | Sunk |
24 July 1915 | Henry Charles | United Kingdom | 41 | Sunk |
24 July 1915 | Kathleen | United Kingdom | 59 | Sunk |
24 July 1915 | Prosper | United Kingdom | 45 | Sunk |
4 August 1915 | Challenger | United Kingdom | 50 | Sunk |
4 August 1915 | Heliotrope | United Kingdom | 28 | Sunk |
23 August 1915 | Boy Bert | United Kingdom | 57 | Sunk |
23 August 1915 | Integrity | United Kingdom | 52 | Sunk |
25 August 1915 | Young Frank | United Kingdom | 49 | Sunk |
21 February 1916 | La Petite Henriette | Belgium | 92 | Sunk |
21 February 1916 | Oleander | United Kingdom | 34 | Sunk |
21 February 1916 | W.E. Brown | United Kingdom | 58 | Sunk |
10 April 1916 | Silksworth Hall | United Kingdom | 4,777 | Sunk |
6 September 1916 | Rilda | Norway | 313 | Sunk |
7 September 1916 | Niobe | Netherlands | 654 | Captured as prize |
28 September 1916 | Marjorie | United Kingdom | 55 | Sunk |
13 March 1917 | Elisabeth | French Navy | 302 | Sunk |
18 March 1917 | HMS Duchess of Montrose | Royal Navy | 322 | Sunk |
23 March 1917 | HMS Laforey | Royal Navy | 995 | Sunk |
20 April 1917 | HMS Nepaulin | Royal Navy | 314 | Sunk |
26 April 1917 | Alhama | United Kingdom | 1,744 | Sunk |
10 June 1917 | Dulwich | United Kingdom | 1,460 | Sunk |
10 July 1917 | Jupiter I | French Navy | 263 | Sunk |
27 October 1918 | HMT Calceolaria | Royal Navy | 92 | Sunk |
Total: | 11,912 |
Notes
- ^ "SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" (English: His Majesty's) and combined with the U for Unterseeboot would be translated as His Majesty's Submarine.
- mine chutes but changing little else—evolved into the Type UC I coastal minelayingsubmarine. See: Miller, p. 458.
- ^ Nieland was in the Navy's April 1905 cadet class with 36 other future U-boat captains, including Hermann von Fischel, Carl-Siegfried Ritter von Georg, Kurt Hartwig, Hans von Mellenthin, and Wilhelm Werner. See: Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI Officer Crews: Crew 4/05". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ The other five boats for the May action were UB-6, UB-10, UB-16, UB-17, and UB-29.
- ^ The other four boats for the August action were UB-6, UB-16, UB-19, and UB-37.
- ^ U-52 sank HMS Nottingham; U-66 and U-63 teamed up to sink HMS Falmouth.
- gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UB 12". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
- ^ a b Tarrant, p. 172.
- ^ Gröner 1991, pp. 22–23.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Hans Nieland". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Wilhelm Kiel". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Georg Gerth". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Friedrich Moecke". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Ernst Steindorff (Royal House Order of Hohenzollern)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Günther Wigankow". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Wilhelm Braun". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Freiherr Nikolaus von Lyncker". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Ernst Schöller". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ a b c Miller, pp. 46–47.
- ^ a b Karau, p. 48.
- ^ Williamson, p. 12.
- ^ a b c d Karau, p. 49.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Hans Nieland". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Tarrant, p. 14.
- ^ a b c d e f Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by UB 12". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Activity". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Henry Charles". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Kathleen". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Prosper". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net.. U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Penwith District Council (2009). "Boat Types". Penzance: Penwith District Council. Archived from the originalon 27 May 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1919.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Challenger". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Heliotrope". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net.. U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Boy Bert". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Integrity". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Young Frank". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net.. U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Wilhelm Kiel". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: La Petite Henriette". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Oleander". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: W.e. Brown". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net.. U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ a b Tennent, p. 175.
- ^ "Spanish liner sunk". The Washington Post. 11 April 1916. p. 1.
- ^ Tarrant, p. 30.
- ^ a b c Gibson and Prendergast, p. 97.
- ^ a b c d e Tarrant, p. 32.
- ^ Tarrant, pp. 32–33.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Georg Gerth". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ a b Tarrant, p. 33.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Rilda". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Marjorie". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Niobe (p.)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Hans Ewald Niemer". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Friedrich Moecke". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Ernst Steindorff". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Elisabeth". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Duchess of Montrose". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Laforey (hms)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Bridgland, p. 81.
- ^ Messimer, p. 161.
- ^ McCartney, p. 161.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Nepaulin". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Alhama". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Dulwich". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Jupiter I". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Ernst Schöller". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
- ^ a b c d Messimer, p. 133
- ^ Gibson and Prendergast, p. 318.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Calceolaria". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
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