SM UB-6
sister boat SM UB-4 , pictured here in 1915.
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History | |
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German Empire | |
Name | UB-6 |
Ordered | 15 November 1914[2] |
Builder | |
Yard number | 244[2] |
Laid down | 22 November 1914[2] |
Launched | March 1915[1] |
Commissioned | 8 April 1915[2] |
Fate | Scuttled at Hellevoetsluis, 18 March 1917; broken up at Brest, July 1921[2] |
General characteristics [4] | |
Class and type | German Type UB I submarine |
Displacement |
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Length | 28.10 m (92 ft 2 in) ( o/a ) |
Beam | 3.15 m (10 ft 4 in) |
Draught | 3.03 m (9 ft 11 in) |
Propulsion |
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Speed |
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Range |
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Test depth | 50 metres (160 ft) |
Complement | 14 |
Armament |
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Notes | 33-second diving time |
Service record | |
Part of: |
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Commanders: |
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Operations: | 60 patrols[2] |
Victories: |
SM UB-6 was a German
UB-6 was ordered in October 1914 and was
UB-6 spent her entire career in the
Design and construction
After the
UB-6 was
UB-6 was armed with two 45-centimeter (17.7 in) torpedoes in two bow torpedo tubes. She was also outfitted for a single 8mm MG 08 Deck gun. UB-6's standard complement consisted of one officer and thirteen enlisted men.[8]
After work on UB-6 was complete at the Germaniwerft yard, UB-6 was readied for rail shipment. The process of shipping a UB I boat involved breaking the submarine down into what was essentially a
Early career
The submarine was
The UB I boats of the Flanders Flotilla were initially limited to patrols in the
In late June,
On 12 July, while patrolling between 18 and 23 nautical miles (33 and 43 km; 21 and 26 mi) off
Germany's submarine offensive was suspended on 18 September by the chief of the
In mid-November, Oberleutnant zur See (Oblt.z.S.) Ernst Voigt succeeded Haecker as commander of UB-6;[2] it was the first U-boat command for the 25-year-old Voigt.[24][Note 4] Under his command, UB-6 sank her next vessel in January 1916. The 57 GRT smack Crystal was boarded and sunk by explosives 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) southeast of Southwold on the 27th.[20][25]
Second submarine offensive
By early 1916, the British blockade of Germany was beginning to have an effect on Germany and her imports. The Royal Navy had stopped and seized more cargo destined for Germany than the quantity of cargo sunk by German U-boats in the first submarine offensive.[26] As a result, the German Imperial Navy began a second offensive against merchant shipping on 29 February.[27] The final ground rules agreed upon by the German Admiralstab were that all enemy vessels in Germany's self-proclaimed war zone would be destroyed without warning, that enemy vessels outside the war zone would be destroyed only if armed, and—to avoid antagonizing the United States—that enemy passenger steamers were not to be attacked, regardless of whether in the war zone or not.[27]
UB-6's first attack in the new offensive came on 17 March, when the U-boat torpedoed the Swedish ship Ask near the North Hinder lightship. The 1,041 GRT ship was en route to London from
In March, UB-6's commander, Voigt, was assigned to the newly commissioned UB-23,[24] and replaced on UB-6 by Kapitänleutnant Karl Neumann, the former commander of two of the submarine's sister ships, UB-2 and UB-13.[30][Note 5] In his U-boat career, Neumann sank over 100,000 tons of shipping,[30] but only sank one ship at the helm of UB-6.[14] In July, Neumann was succeeded by Oberleutnant zur See Karsten von Heydebreck, a 26-year-old, first-time U-boat captain,[31] who was Voigt's classmate in April 1908 cadet class.[32]
Near the end of April 1916, Admiral
Grand Fleet ambush attempts
In mid-May, Scheer completed plans to draw out part of the British
A delayed departure of the German fleet for its sortie (which had been redirected to the Skagerrak) and the failure of several of the U-boats stationed to the north to receive the coded message warning of the British advance caused Scheer's anticipated ambush to be a "complete and disappointing failure".[35] In UB-6's group, only UB-10 sighted the Harwich forces, and they were too far away to mount an attack.[35] The failure of the submarine ambush to sink any British capital ships allowed the full Grand Fleet to engage the numerically inferior High Seas Fleet in the Battle of Jutland, which took place 31 May – 1 June.[36]
Later in August, the Germans set up another ambush for the British fleet, when they drew up plans for another High Seas Fleet raid on Sunderland (as had been the original intention in May). The German fleet planned to depart late in the day on 18 August and shell military targets the next morning. As in May, UB-6 was part of a group intended to attack the Harwich forces. As one of five boats forming the second line of boats from the Flanders Flotilla,[Note 7] UB-6 was stationed off Texel by the morning of 20 August.[37] Once again, British intelligence had given warning of the impending attack and ambush, causing the Grand Fleet to sortie at 16:00 on 18 August, five hours before the German fleet sailed. Faulty intelligence caused Scheer initially to divert from Sunderland, and then to eventually call off the whole operation. Although U-boats to the north sank two British light cruisers,[Note 8] UB-6 and her group played no part in the action.[37]
On 10 September, UB-6 was patrolling off the
Unrestricted submarine warfare
The British blockade of Germany, which prevented neutral shipping from reaching German ports, had severely limited imports of food and fuel into Germany.
On 10 March, UB-6 departed Zeebrugge to patrol off the Mass lightship. Two days later, UB-6 entered Dutch territorial waters after Steckelberg made a navigational error, and ran aground at the mouth of the Meuse (Maas). Because the Netherlands was neutral during the war, and UB-6 did not leave Dutch territorial waters within 24 hours as required by international law, the submarine and her crew were interned by the Dutch. The Germans protested, but because UB-6's grounding was merely the result of an error and not because of distress, the Dutch could not release the submarine.[46] UB-6 was taken to the port of Hellevoetsluis for internment, where, on 18 March, UB-6's crew scuttled her.[2] The crew of UB-6 was interned for the duration of the war.[46] After the end of the war, UB-6's wreck was surrendered to France, taken to Brest, and broken up in July 1921.[2]
Summary of raiding history
Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 10] | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 May 1915 | HMS Recruit | Royal Navy | 335 | Sunk |
1 June 1915 | Saidieh | United Kingdom | 3,303 | Sunk |
12 July 1915 | Emerald | United Kingdom | 57 | Damaged |
12 July 1915 | Merlin | United Kingdom | 47 | Sunk |
12 July 1915 | Purple Heather | United Kingdom | 42 | Sunk |
12 July 1915 | Speedwell | United Kingdom | 38 | Sunk |
12 July 1915 | Woodbine | United Kingdom | 29 | Sunk |
25 July 1915 | Firth | United Kingdom | 406 | Sunk |
11 August 1915 | Leader | United Kingdom | 57 | Sunk |
27 January 1916 | Crystal | United Kingdom | 57 | Sunk |
17 March 1916 | Ask | Sweden | 1,041 | Damaged |
31 March 1916 | Hollandia | Sweden | 1,115 | Sunk |
23 June 1916 | Alexander Maurice | Belgium | 70 | Sunk |
10 September 1916 | Lindborg | Norway | 400 | Sunk |
23 September 1916 | Germaine | Belgium | 106 | Sunk |
23 September 1916 | Lichtevreden II | Belgium | 69 | Sunk |
23 September 1916 | Maria Da Jonge | Belgium | 98 | Sunk |
23 September 1916 | Rosalie | Belgium | 129 | Sunk |
24 September 1916 | Batavier II | Netherlands | 1,328 | Captured as prize |
[Note 11]Sunk: Damaged: Total: |
7,629 1,098 8,727 |
Victims Gallery
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HMS Recruit, first victim of UB-6
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Several of UB-6's victims werered ochresails
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SS Hollandia, a Swedish cargo ship, was sunk by UB-6 in March 1916.
Notes
- ^ "SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" (English: His Majesty's) and combined with the U for Unterseeboot would be translated as His Majesty's Submarine.
- mine chutes but changing little else—evolved into the Type UC I coastal minelayingsubmarine. See: Miller, p. 458.
- ^ Haecker was in the Navy's April 1906 cadet class with 34 other future U-boat captains, including Wilhelm Marschall, Matthias Graf von Schmettow, Max Viebeg, and Erwin Waßner. See: Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI Officer Crews: Crew 4/06". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Voigt was in the Navy's April 1908 cadet class with 46 other future U-boat captains, including Reinhold Saltzwedel. See: Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI Officer Crews: Crew 4/08". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Neumann was in the Navy's April 1907 cadet class with 34 other future U-boat captains, including Werner Fürbringer, Heino von Heimburg, Hans Howaldt, Otto Steinbrinck, and Ralph Wenninger. See: Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI Officer Crews: Crew 4/07". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ The other five boats for the May action were UB-10, UB-12, UB-16, UB-17, and UB-29.
- ^ The other four boats for the August action were UB-12, UB-16, UB-19, and UB-37.
- ^ U-52 sank HMS Nottingham; U-66 and U-63 teamed up to sink HMS Falmouth.
- ^ Batavier II was sunk by gunfire from British submarine E55 north of Texel on 27 July 1917. See: "Batavier II (5600938)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement
- ^ Tonnage of ships captured as prizes is included in tonnage sunk.
References
- ^ a b "UB-6 (6104977)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UB 6". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
- ^ a b Tarrant, p. 172.
- ^ Gröner 1991, pp. 22–23.
- ^ a b c Miller, pp. 46–47.
- ^ a b Karau, p. 48.
- ^ Williamson, p. 12.
- ^ a b c d Karau, p. 49.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Erich Haecker". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Tarrant, p. 14.
- ^ a b Karau, p. 50.
- ^ a b Gibson and Prendergast, p. 39.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Recruit (hms)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by UB 6". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Saidieh". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ a b c Karau, p. 51.
- ^ Gibson and Prendergast, p. 50.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Emerald (d.)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Merlin". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Purple Heather". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Speedwell". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Woodbine". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved on 6 March 2009.
- Penwith District Council (2009). "Boat Types". Penzance: Penwith District Council. Archived from the originalon 27 May 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1919.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Firth". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Leader". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Tarrant, pp. 21–22.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Ernst Voigt". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Crystal". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Tarrant, p. 25.
- ^ a b Tarrant, p. 26.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Ask (d.)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Hollandia". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Karl Neumann". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Karsten von Heydebreck". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI Officer Crews: Crew 4/08". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Tarrant, p. 30.
- ^ a b c Gibson and Prendergast, p. 97.
- ^ a b c d e Tarrant, p. 32.
- ^ Tarrant, pp. 32–33.
- ^ a b Tarrant, p. 33.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Lindborg". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Germaine". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Lichtevreden Ii". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Maria Da Jonge". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net., Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Rosalie". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved on 6 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Batavier Ii (p.)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UC 63". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Tarrant, pp. 44–45.
- ^ Tarrant, p. 45.
- ^ Tarrant, pp. 45–46.
- ^ Tarrant, p. 46.
- ^ a b Messimer, p. 130.
Bibliography
- Bendert, Harald (2000). Die UB-Boote der Kaiserlichen Marine, 1914-1918. Einsätze, Erfolge, Schicksal (in German). ISBN 3-8132-0713-7.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. OCLC 12119866.
- Gibson, R. H.; Maurice Prendergast (2003) [1931]. The German Submarine War, 1914–1918. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. OCLC 52924732.
- Karau, Mark D. (2003). Wielding the Dagger: the MarineKorps Flandern and the German War Effort, 1914–1918. OCLC 51204317.
- Messimer, Dwight R. (2002). Verschollen: World War I U-boat losses. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. OCLC 231973419.
- Miller, David (2002). The Illustrated Directory of Submarines of the World. OCLC 50208951.
- Tarrant, V. E. (1989). The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. OCLC 20338385.
- OCLC 48627495.