Saini
| Saini | |
|---|---|
| Country | Primarily India |
| Populated states | Punjab, India, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Chandigarh and Delhi |
Saini (
As both a statutory agricultural tribe and a designated martial race during the British Raj era that followed the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Sainis had been chiefly engaged in both agriculture and military service. Since the independence of India, they have diversified into white-collar professions.[7]
History
Mythology
The Sainis of Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur districts claim to be the descendants of kings of the Yaduvanshi or Surasena lineage who ruled these kingdoms, who came to these areas to avoid forced conversion to Islam.[8]
Academic
Gahlot and Banshidhar indicate some commonality in origin with Rajput Malis of Rajputana, who also claim to be of Rajput descent.[9]
British era
During the British period Sainis were classified as both a statutory agricultural tribe and, later, a martial race.
Some Saini landlords were also appointed as zaildars, or revenue-collectors, in various districts.[14]
Post Independence India
Castes similar to Sainis in north India are Koeri, Kushwaha, Maurya and Shakya. Over the time, these communities have come together and started inter-marrying among themselves for caste consolidation.[15]
Marriage
According to the Anthropological Survey of India, "The Saini are endogamous community and observe exogamy at village and gotra level." Remarriage after the death of a spouse is permitted nowadays, as is divorce.[16]
Notable people
Armed Forces
- Joginder Singh (Param Vir Chakra)[17]
Indian National Freedom Movement
- Gurdan Saini (Rajput General- died in Ranthambore also known as Rana Gurdan Saini)[18][need quotation to verify]
- Harnam Singh Saini (Ghadar movement, died - hanged on March 16, 1917 after Lahore Conspiracy Case trial)[19][need quotation to verify]
Religious and political leaders
- Labh Singh Saini (Akali dal president)[20][need quotation to verify]
- ]
Civilians with titles
- Chaudhari Nand Ram Saini (Zaildar from Hissar Division)[22][need quotation to verify]
- Jagirdar in Phulkian Rayast)[23][need quotation to verify]
Others
- Sumedh Singh Saini (former Director general of police of Punjab, India[24][need quotation to verify]
References
- ^ "CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES" (PDF). CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ "17 Most Backward Castes May Play Kingmaker as Purvanchal Gears Up to Vote in Final Phase". News18. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ "Saini, Swarnkar/Sunar communities to be backward classes in Punjab". The Indian Express. 10 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ "Haryana government adds Kushwaha, Keori, Maurya castes to BC list". The Economic Times. 5 November 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ "Rajasthan assembly polls 2018: RSS stronghold, Anta, has been electing influential leaders". Hindustan Times. 11 September 2018. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ N, TN (11 September 2014). "Shubha Mudgal: Commission starts hearing on inclusion of OBCs from Madhya Pradesh". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ "The members of Saini community are employed in business and white-collar jobs and as teachers, administrators, lawyers, doctors and defence personnel." People of India, National Series Volume VI, India's Communities N-Z, p 3091, KS Singh, Anthropological Survey of India, Oxford University Press, 1998
- ^ "Surasena refers to an ancient region named after a Jadu raja who is believed to have lived before Krishna. Bayana (near Mathura) from where the Jadus ruled ..." Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins, p 54, Shail Mayaram, published by Permanent Black, 2004
- ISBN 9788185287003.
In the Punjab in the sub-mountainous region the community came to be known as 'Saini'. It maintained its Rajput character despite migration. In other parts, it came to be called by the name of "Kshatriya-Mali" (Rajput Mali)
- ISBN 978-81-7824-059-6.
- S2CID 144987021.
- ISBN 978-0-7190-6962-8.
- ISBN 978-1-40085-958-0. Archivedfrom the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ History of Hisar: From Inception to Independence, 1935–1947, p 312, M. M. Juneja, Published by Modern Book Co., 1989
- ISBN 8175330295. Archivedfrom the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ People of India, National Series Volume VI, India's Communities N-Z, p 3090, KS Singh, Anthropological Survey of India, Oxford University Press, 1998
- ^ Subedar Joginder Singh Saini Parmvir chakar winners https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/when-the-will-became-a-weapon-572352
- ^ A Comprehensive History of India : The Delhi Sultanat, A.D. 1206–1526, pp 318, Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri, Indian History Congress, 1957
- ^ Agrarian Scene in British Punjab, pp 71, By Hari Singh, Published by People's Pub. House, 1983, Item notes: v.2, Original from the University of Michigan
- ^ Pratap Singh, Giani, Gurdwara Sudhar arthat Akali. Lahir. Amritsar, 1975
- ^ Surjit Singh Nanua, Saini Jagat (Utpati Ate Vikas), Patiala, 2008
- ^ History of Hisar: From Inception to Independence, 1935–1947, pp 312, M. M. Juneja, Published by Modern Book Co., 1989
- ^ Saini jagata utapati ate wikasa / Surajita Singha Nanua, pp 108, 109, pp 111, Patiala : Manajota Prakashana, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ : ਮਨਜੋਤ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਨ, 2008, DK Agencies DKPAN-5413 ( HBD )
- ^ Vasudeva, Vikas (12 September 2020). "Sumedh Singh Saini | A former top cop on the run". The Hindu.