Santalum haleakalae
Santalum haleakalae | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Santalales |
Family: | Santalaceae |
Genus: | Santalum |
Species: | S. haleakalae
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Binomial name | |
Santalum haleakalae |
Santalum haleakalae, known as Haleakala sandalwood[3] or ʻIliahi in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering tree in the sandalwood family, that is endemic to the islands of Maui, Lanai, and Molokai in the Hawaiian Islands, part of the United States.[4][5] It grows in subalpine shrublands at elevations of 1,900 to 2,700 m (6,200 to 8,900 ft), especially on the slopes of Haleakalā.[6]
Description
This is a shrub or small tree with green, ovate leaves that are often glaucous and tinged purple, especially in var. halekalae.
Range
Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae occurs only on the slopes of Haleakalā on Maui.[5] Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense occurs on the islands of Lanai, Molokai, and Maui.[4]
Habitat
Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae occupies subalpine and montane mesic forests,[5] while Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense occupies wet shrublands.[4][6]
Ecology
Like most sandalwoods, Santalum haleakalae is a
Human use
Etymology
The specific and varietal epithet haleakalae comes from Haleakalā, the volcano to which that variety is endemic.[10] The varietal epithet lanaiense comes from the island of Lanai, one of the islands where that variety occurs.[11]
Taxonomy
Research in 2010 determined that the
References
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Santalum haleakalae. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 August 2007.
- ^ "Santalum haleakalae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Santalum haleakalae". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d Khan, Nancy. "Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense". Flora of the Hawaiian Islands - Species Page/ Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ a b c Khan, Nancy. "Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae". Flora of the Hawaiian Islands - Species Page/ Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Merlin, Mark D; Lex A.J. Thomson; Craig R. Elevitch (April 2006). "Santalum ellipticum, S. freycinetianum, S. haleakalae, and S. paniculatum (Hawaiian sandalwood)" (PDF). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Agroforestry Net, Inc. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
- ^ cmario (August 2019). "Maui ʻAmakihi (Subspecies Chlorodrepanis virens wilsoni)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ "Bishop Museum - Ethnobotany Database". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- JSTOR 23886747. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ a b Elliott, Daniela Dutra; Tamashiro, Shari Y. "Native Plants Hawaii - Viewing Plant : Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae". www.nativeplants.hawaii.edu. University of Hawaii. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ Elliott, Daniela Dutra; Tamashiro, Shari Y. "Native Plants Hawaii - Viewing Plant : Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense". www.nativeplants.hawaii.edu. University of Hawaii. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- S2CID 85392920.
External links
- Media related to Santalum haleakalae at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Santalum haleakalae at Wikispecies
- "Sandalwood trade". Hawaiʻi History Library. HawaiiHistory.org.
- "iliahi". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum.