Sao Khua Formation

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Coordinates: 16°42′N 102°18′E / 16.7°N 102.3°E / 16.7; 102.3
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Sao Khua Formation
Ma
↓
Indochina
Country Thailand
ExtentKhorat Plateau
Type section
Named byWard & Bunnag
Year defined1964
Sao Khua Formation is located in Thailand
Sao Khua Formation

The Sao Khua Formation (

formation in Thailand dates to the Early Cretaceous age, specifically the Valanginian through Hauterivian stages.[1]

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[2]

Depositional environment

Baser on

braided channel environment.[3]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon
Ootaxon
Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Amphibians

Amphibians reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anura
indet. 		Indeterminate Nong Bua Lamphu province.[4]
pelvic girdle (SHM-HY 231).[4]
 A frog.

Reptiles

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Carcharodontosauridae Locality Phu Wiang 1a, Khon Kaen province.[5] "Fragment of the posterior part of a right maxilla".[5] A
carcharodontosaur
.
Compsognathidae? Indeterminate [5][6][7] A very small theropod form.[5][6]
Kinnareemimus K. khonkaenensis Locality Phu Wiang 5, Phu Wiang district, Khon Kaen province.[8] Vertebral, pelvic and limb elements.[8] An ornithomimosaur.
Ornithurae? Khok Kong, Kalasin province.[9] A humerus fragment.[9] May represent an early ornithurine, and probably is not an enantiornithine.
Phuwiangosaurus P. sirindhornae Khon Kaen province.[10] "Partial skeletons, juvenile - adult", & 2 additional vertebrae.[10][11] A titanosaur.
Phuwiang spinosaurid B Indeterminate PW9 ‘Hin Lad Yao’ locality site A and site B, Phu Wiang district, Khon Kaen province.[12] Caudal vertebrae.[12] A spinosaur.
Phuwiangvenator P. yaemniyomi Phu Wiang Site 9B,
Phu Wiang Mountain, Khon Kaen province.[13]
 A megaraptoran.
Siamosaurus S. suteethorni Isolated teeth.[14][15] A potentially
dubious spinosaur
.
Siamotyrannus S. isanensis "Pelvis, dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae."[16][17] An avetheropodan of uncertain position
Vayuraptor V. nongbualamphuensis Phu Wat Site A1 Locality, Nong Sang, Nong Bua Lamphu province.[13] A megaraptoran.
  • Sauropoda indet. 1 and 2

Lizards

Lizards reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anguimorpha indet. Phu Phok (SK1), Sakhon Nakhorn Province.[18] Fossilized eggs containing embryos.[18] Eggs originally thought to be of theropods like
Epidendrosaurus.[19]

Pseudosuchians

Pseudosuchians reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Goniopholis G. phuwiangensis Phu Wiang district.[20] A
dentary.[20][21]
 Reassigned to Sunosuchus.
Siamosuchus S. phuphokensis Phu Phok, Kok Prasil Sub-district, Phu Phan district, Sakon Nakhon province.[22] A partly articulated skeleton (PPC-1).[22] A goniopholidid.
Sunosuchus S. phuwiangensis Phu Wiang district.[20] A
dentary.[21]
 Originally reported as Goniopholis phuwiangensis.
Theriosuchus T. grandinaris Phu Phok, Kok Prasil Sub-district, Phu Phan district, Sakon Nakhon province.[23] "PPC-2, a nearly complete
dentary".[23]
 An atoposaurid.
Varanosuchus V. sakonnakhonensis Phu Sung locality near Mueang Sakon Nakhon district, Sakon Nakhon province.[24] A nearly complete skull and skeleton (SM-2021-1-97/101), a nearly complete skull (SM-2023-1-16), and a partial skull table (SM-2023-1-17).[24] An
atoposaurid
.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ornithocheiridae Phu Phok, Sakon Nakhon province.[25] An isolated tooth crown (SMP25).[25] Most comparable to
Kem Kem beds.[25]

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Isanemys I. srisuki Kalasin, Khon Kaen and Sakon Nakhon provinces.[26] Over 20 shells & additional isolated shell plates.[26] An adocid.
Kizylkumemys K. sp. Khon Kaen, Kalasin and Nong Bua Lamphu provinces.[26] Abundant but very fragmentary shell plates.[26] A carettochelyid.
Protoshachemys P. rubra Phu Din Daeng, Nakhon Phanom province.[27] Shell material.[27] An adocid.

Fish

Bony fish

Bony fish
reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Siamamia S. naga Phu Phok.[28] A bowfin.

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish
reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Heteroptychodus H. steinmanni Over 130 fragmentary teeth.[29] A hybodont
Hybodontiformes Incertae sedis 2 dermal denticles and a cephalic spines.[29] Indeterminate hybodontiform remains
Hybodus "H." sp. A 18 fragmentary crowns.[29] A
hybodontid
H. sp. B Over 170 incomplete teeth.[29] A
hybodontid
Isanodus I. paladeji Phu Phan Thong, Nong Bua Lamphu province.[29] 185 incomplete teeth.[29] A hybodont
Lonchidion L. khoratensis Phu Phan Thong, Nong Bua Lamphu province.[29] 25 teeth.[29] A hybodont
Mukdahanodus M. trisivakulii Nong Sung district, Mukdahan province.[29] 11 isolated crowns.[29] A hybodont
Parvodus P. sp. 19 teeth.[29] A hybodont
Sclerorhynchidae Base of Phu Kum Khao hill in Sahatsakhan, Kalasin province.[30] A rostral tooth (SM2012-1-021).[30] A
sawskate

Invertebrates

Bivalves

Bivalves
reported from the Sao Khua Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Pseudohyria P. (Matsumotoina) somanai South of Phu Noi, Khon Kaen province.[31]

See also

  • List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 249702713
    .
  2. ISBN 0-520-24209-2
    .
  3. S2CID 136504980
    .
  4. ^
    S2CID 233147622
    .
  5. ^ a b c d Buffetaut, Eric; Suteethorn, Varavudh (January 2012). "A carcharodontosaurid theropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia) in the Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) of Thailand". 2012 EAVP Abstracts: 27–30.
  6. ^
    ISSN 0031-0182
    .
  7. ^ Buffetaut, Eric; Suteethorn, Varavudh; Le Loeuff, Jean; Khansubha, Sasa-On; Tong, Haiyan; Wongko, K. (January 2005). "The dinosaur fauna from the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Thailand". International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2005): 575–581.
  8. ^
    S2CID 128633687
    .
  9. ^
    ISSN 1631-0683
    .
  10. ^
    ISSN 0077-7749
    .
  11. ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 268.
  12. ^
    S2CID 233884025
    .
  13. ^
    doi:10.4202/app.00540.2018
    .
  14. ^ Bertin, Tor (December 2010). "A catalogue of material and review of the Spinosauridae". PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology. 7 (4): 1–39.
  15. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
  16. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 74.
  17. S2CID 7350556
    .
  18. ^
    PMID 26176757
    .
  19. S2CID 26168801
    .
  20. ^
    ISSN 0016-6995
    .
  21. ^
    S2CID 83181094
    .
  22. ^
    ISSN 1777-5817
    .
  23. ^
    S2CID 128623617
    .
  24. ^
    doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad195
    .
  25. ^ a b c Cuny, Gilles; Suteethorn, V. (2003-01-01). "A Pterodactyloid tooth from the Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Thailand". Mahasarakham University Journal. 22: 92–98.
  26. ^
    S2CID 130709324
    .
  27. ^
    S2CID 189968031
    .
  28. S2CID 85325978
    .
  29. ^
    OCLC 842608080.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  30. ^ a b Khansubha, Sasa-On. "A Sclerorhynchoid (Chondrichthyes: Batomorphii) in the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand?". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  31. ^ Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn; Sato, Yoshio; Nakhapadungrat, Somchai (2010). A New Species of Pseudohyria (Matsumotoina) (Bivalvia: Trigonioidoidea) from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation, Khorat Group, Northeastern Thailand.
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