Saptarshi

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Saptarishi
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Bandralta-Mankot workshop; c. 1700. Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh
In traditional Hindu astronomy, the seven stars of the Big Dipper are identified with the names of Saptarshis

The Saptarshi (

Upanisads
do so.

Hindu sacred text

An early prototype of the "Saptarishi" concept may stem from the six families associated with the six "Family Books" in the

Kaṇva
, who could be considered the 7th prototypical Saptarishi.

The earliest formal list of the seven rishis is given by

Upanisad 2.2.6 with a slightly different list: Atri, Bharadvaja, Gautama, Jamadagni, Kashyapa
, Vashistha, and Vishvamitra. The late Gopatha Brahmana 1.2.8 has Vashistha, Vishvamitra, Jamadagni, Gautama, Bharadvaja, Gungu, Agastya, and Kashyapa.

In post-Vedic texts, different lists appear; some of these

manasaputra) of Brahma, the representation of the Supreme Being as Creator. Other representations are Maheshvara or Shiva as the Destroyer and Vishnu as the Preserver. Since these seven rishis were also among the primary eight rishis, who were considered to be the ancestors of the Gotras of Brahmins
, the birth of these rishis was mythicized.

According to legend, the seven rishis in the next manvantara will be Diptimat, Galava, Parashurama, Kripa, Drauni or Ashwatthama, Vyasa, and Rishyasringa.

Names

Main articles: Manu (Hinduism) and Manvantara

A

Rishis and their sons are born anew in each manvantara.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

Manvantara in Hindu units of time measurement, on a logarithmic scale.
Saptarishis in each
kalpa
 (Śveta-Vārāha Kalpa)
Manu (manvantara)[9] Saptarishis
Svayambhuva [10] Atri, Angiras, Pulaha, Pulastya, Kratu, Marichi, Vashistha.
Svarocisha Urja, Stambha, Prana, Vata, Prishava, Niraya, and Parivan
Uttama Kaukundihi, Kurundi, Dalaya, Sankha, Pravahita, Mita, and Sammita
Tapasa/Tamasa Jyotirdhama, Prithu, Kavya, Chaitra, Agni, Vanaka, and Pivara
Raivata Hirannyaroma, Vedasrí, Urdhabahu, Vedabahu, Sudhama, Parjanya, and Mahamuni
Chakshusha
 Sumedha, Viraja, Havishman, Uttar, Madhu, Sahishnu, and Atinama
Vaivasvata
(current)		 Vashishta, Kashyapa, Atri, Jamadagni, Gautama, Vishvamitra, Bharadvaja
Savarni Diptimat, Galava, Parashurama, Kripa, Drauni or Ashwatthama, Vyasa, and Rishyasringa
Daksha-savarni Savana, Dyutimat, Bhavya, Vasu, Medhatithi, Jyotishman, and Satya
Brahma-savarni Havishman, Sukriti, Satya, Apammurtti, Nabhaga, Apratimaujas, and Satyaketu
Dharma-savarni Nischara, Agnitejas, Vapushman, Vishnu, Aruni, Havishman, and Anagha
Rudra-savarni Tapaswi, Sutapas, Tapomurti, Taporati, Tapodhriti, Tapodyuti, and Tapodhana
Deva-savarni Nirmoha, Tatwadersin, Nishprakampa, Nirutsuka, Dhritimat, Avyaya, and Sutapas
Indra-savarni Agnibshu, Suchi, Aukra, Magadha, Gridhra, Yukta and Ajita

Lists

Click! Dhruva, Saptarishi, Shani, Bṛhaspati, Budha, Shukra, Chandra, Vivasvan, Garbhodaksayi VishnuDhruvaSaptarishiShaniBṛhaspatiBudhaShukraChandraVivasvanGarbhodaksayi Vishnu

1. The Shatapatha Brahmana and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad(2.2.4) acknowledge the names of seven rishis(or Saptarshis) as:

2. The Krishna Yajurveda in the Sandhya-Vandana Mantras has it as:

3. The Mahabharata and Brihat Samhita offer the seven rishis' names as:

Jainism

In Jainism it is stated that, "Once at Mathura situated in Uttar Pradesh seven Riddhidhari Digamber saints having 'Aakaashgamini Vidhya' came during the rainy season for chaturmaas whose names were 1.) Surmanyu, 2.) Shrimanyu, 3.) Shrinichay, 4.) Sarvasundar, 5.) Jayvaan, 6.) Vinaylaala and 7.) Jaymitra. They all were sons of King Shri Nandan of Prabhapurnagar and queen Dharini. Shri Nandan king took diksha becoming shishya of Omniscient Pritinkar Muniraaj and attained salvation. Because of great tapcharan of these seven digamber munis the 'Mahamaari' disease stopped its evil effect and they all gained the name as 'Saptrishi'. Many idols of these seven munis were made after that event by King Shatrughna in all four directions of the city."

Sikhism

In the

Kalidas. These are described under the composition Brahm Avtar.[11]

Astronomy

In ancient

Vashistha", "Marichi", "Pulastya", "Pulaha", "Atri", "Angiras" and "Kratu". There is another star slightly visible within it, known as "Arundhati". Arundhati and Vashishtha are married, and together form the Mizar double.[12]

In

Hindu astronomy
, the seven stars of the Saptarshi Mandala, or Big Dipper are named as:

Indian
Name 		Bayer
Designation 		Western
Name
Kratu α UMa
Dubhe
Pulaha β UMa
Merak
Pulastya γ UMa
Phecda
Atri δ UMa
Megrez
Angiras ε UMa
Alioth
Vasistha ζ UMa
Mizar
Marichi η UMa
Alkaid

Vasishtha is accompanied by Arundhati, a faint companion star (Alcor/80 Ursa Majoris). The valid avatar's clan is supposed to be named after their ashvamedha.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saptarishi.

References

  1. ^ www.wisdomlib.org (2012-06-24). "Saptarshi, Saptarishi, Saptarṣi, Saptaṛṣi: 13 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  2. ^ "Who are Saptarshi, the importance of their worship". Jai Bhole. Archived from the original on 2021-06-13. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
  3. ISBN 0877790442
    . a day in the life of Brahma is divided into 14 periods called manvantaras ("Manu intervals"), each of which lasts for 306,720,000 years. In every second cycle [(new kalpa after pralaya)] the world is recreated, and a new Manu appears to become the father of the next human race. The present age is considered to be the seventh Manu cycle.
  4. ISBN 9783642007378
    . Paraphrased: Mahayuga equals 12,000 Deva (divine) years (4,320,000 solar years). Manvantara equals 71 Mahayugas (306,720,000 solar years). Kalpa (day of Brahma) equals an Adi Sandhya, 14 Manvantaras, and 14 Sandhya Kalas, where 1st Manvantara preceded by Adi Sandhya and each Manvantara followed by Sandhya Kala, each Sandhya lasting same duration as Satya yuga (1,728,000 solar years), during which the entire earth is submerged in water. Day of Brahma equals 1,000 Mahayugas, the same length for a night of Brahma (Bhagavad-gita 8.17). Brahma lifespan (311.04 trillion solar years) equals 100 360-day years, each 12 months. Parardha is 50 Brahma years and we are in the 2nd half of his life. After 100 years of Brahma, the universe starts with a new Brahma. We are currently in the 28th Kali yuga of the first day of the 51st year of the second Parardha in the reign of the 7th (Vaivasvata) Manu.
  5. ISBN 9781684669387
    . Each manvantara is preceded and followed by a period of 1,728,000 (= 4K) years when the entire earthly universe (bhu-loka) will submerge under water. The period of this deluge is known as manvantara-sandhya (sandhya meaning, twilight).
  6. ^ Wilkins, William Joseph (1913) [1882]. Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Purānic (3rd ed.). Calcutta: London Missionary Society. p. 365. In each Manvantara (period of a Manu), seven Rishis, certain deities, an Indra and a Manu, and the kings, his sons, are created and perish.
  7. Chákshusha: these six Manus have passed away. The Manu who presides over the seventh Manwantara, which is the present period, is Vaivaswata
    , the son of the sun...
  8. H. P. Blavatsky
    , Vol. 2, p. 307 THE SEVEN AND FOURTEEN MANUS.
  9. ISBN 978-91-7149-730-7
    .
  10. Sacred-Texts.com
    . Contains an account of the several Manus and Manwantaras.
  11. ^ Page 17, Dasam Granth, SS Kapoor
  12. ^ Shankar, P.N (1 January 1985). A guide to the night sky (PDF). Bangalore: Karnataka Rajya Vignana Parishat. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
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