Sayan Mountains
Sayan Mountains | |
---|---|
Highest point | |
Peak | Mönkh Saridag |
Elevation | 3,492 m (11,457 ft) |
Coordinates | 51°43′08″N 100°36′53″E / 51.71889°N 100.61472°E |
Geography | |
Parent range | South Siberian Mountains |
The Sayan Mountains (
The Sayan Mountains' towering peaks and cool lakes southwest of
Geography
Western Sayan
At 92°E the Western Sayan system is pierced by the Ulug-Khem (
Between the breach of the Yenisei and Lake Khövsgöl at 100° 30' E. the system bears also the name of Yerghik-Taiga. The flora is on the whole poor, although the higher regions carry good forests of larch, pine, juniper, birch, and alder, with rhododendrons and species of Berberis and Ribes. Lichens and mosses clothe many of the boulders that are scattered over the upper slopes.[6]
Eastern Sayan
The Eastern Sayan stretches almost at a right angle to the Western Sayan for 1,000 km (620 mi) in a northwest/southeast direction, from the Yenisei to the Angara Range. Some subranges of the northwest form a system of "White Mountains" (Белогорье) or "Belki", such as Manskoye Belogorye, Kanskoye Belogorye, Kuturchinskoye Belogorye, as well as Agul Belki (Агульские Белки), with permanent snow on the peaks. In the central part, towards the upper reaches of the Kazyr and Kizir rivers, several ridges, such as the Kryzhin Range form a cluster culminating in the 2,982 m (9,783 ft) high Grandiozny Peak, the highest point in Krasnoyarsk Krai. [citation needed]
To the southeast rise the highest and most remote subranges, including the
The Ice Age Period
In this area that currently shows only small cirque glaciers, at glacial times glaciers have flowed down from the 3492 m high
From its valley heads, e.g. the upper Slujanka valley (51°32’N/103°37’E), but also through parallel valleys like the Snirsdaja valley, outlet glaciers flowed to the north to Lake Baikal. The Snirsdaja-valley-outlet glacier has calved, among other outlet glaciers, at c. 400 m asl into Lake Baikal (51°27’N/104°51’E). The glacial (Würm ice age = Last Glacial Period = MIS 2) glacier snowline (ELA) as altitude limit between glacier feeding area and ablation zone has run in these mountains between 1450 and 1250 m asl. This corresponds to a snowline depression of 1500 m against the current height of the snowline. Under the condition of a comparable precipitation ratio there might result from this a glacial depression of the average annual temperature of 7.5 to 9 °C for the Last Ice Age against today.[9][10]
Origins of reindeer husbandry
According to
The Sayan region was apparently the origin of the economic and cultural complex of reindeer hunters-herdsmen that we now see among the various Evenki groups and the peoples of the Sayan area.[citation needed]
The ancestors of modern Evenki groups inhabited areas adjacent to the Sayan Mountains, and it is highly likely that they took part in the process of reindeer domestication along with the Samoyedic population."[11] The local indigenous groups that have retained their traditional lifestyle nowadays live almost exclusively in the area of the Eastern Sayan mountains.[12] However, the local reindeer herding communities were greatly affected by russification and sovietization, with many Evenks losing their traditional lifestyle and groups like the Mator and Kamas peoples being assimilated altogether.[13]
According to
Science
The Sayan Solar Observatory is located in these mountains (51°37′18″N 100°55′07″E / 51.62167°N 100.91861°E) at an altitude of 2,000 meters.[19]
See also
- Abakan River
- Ergaki
- Geography of South-Central Siberia
- Lykov family
- Mana River
- Minusinsk Depression
- Tuva Depression
- Altai-Sayan region
Notes
- OCLC 3673071.
- ^ "Sayan Mountains". Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ^ "Tuva and Sayan Mountains". Geographic Bureau - Siberia and Pacific. Archived from the original on 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
- ^ B. C. Bасильев, Ю. M. Mальцев, Б. И. Cуганов, E. H. Черных - Саяны
- ^ "M-45 Chart (in Russian)". Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 276.
- ^ ЭСБЕ/Саянский горный хребет, Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
- ^ "N-47 Chart (in Russian)". Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ^ Grosswald, M. G.; Kuhle, M. (1994):Impact of Glaciations on Lake Baikal. International Project on Paleolimnology and Late Cenozoic Climate No. 8. (Eds: Shoji Horie; Kazuhiro Toyoda (IPPCCE)) Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck, pp. 48–60.
- ^ Kuhle, M. (2004) : 'The High Glacial (Last Ice Age and LGM) glacier cover in High- and Central Asia. Accompanying text to the mapwork in hand with detailed references to the literature of the underlying empirical investigations'. Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. (eds). Extent and Chronology of Glaciations, Vol. 3 (Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica). Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V., pp. 175-199.
- ^ "Evenki Reindeer Herding: A History", Cultural Survival, retrieved 30 December 2014
- ^ Vainshtein, Sev’yan I. (1971), "The Problem of the Origins of Reindeer Herding in Eurasia, Part II: The Role of the Sayan Center in the Diffusion of Reindeer Herding in Eurasia", Sovetskaya Etnografiya, 5: 37–52
- ISBN 0-415-05873-2.
- ^ Janhunen, Juha (2009). "Proto-Uralic—what, where, and when?" (PDF). The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society. Helsinki. pp. 57–78.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Dziebel, German (October 2012). "On the Homeland of the Uralic Language Family". Retrieved 2019-03-21.
- ISBN 978-973-1871-96-7.
- ^ Parpola, A. (2013). "Formation of the Indo-European and Uralic language families in the light of archaeology: Revised and integrated 'total' correlations". In R. Grünthal, & P. Kallio (Eds.), Linguistic map of prehistoric north Europe (pp. 119-184). (Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; Vol. 266). Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. p. 160
- ^ "Sayan Solar Observatory". Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences - Siberian branch. Retrieved 2016-12-03.