Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai | |
---|---|
Красноярский край | |
ISO 3166 code | RU-KYA |
License plates | 24, 84, 88, 124 |
OKTMO ID | 04000000 |
Official languages | Russian[9] |
Website | www.krskstate.ru |
Krasnoyarsk Krai (
Geography
The krai lies in the middle of
The krai is located in the basin of the
There are also several thousand lakes in the krai. The largest lakes include Beloye, Belyo, Glubokoye, Itat, Khantayskoye, Labas, Lama, Pyasina, Taymyr, and Yessey. The rivers and lakes are rich in fish.
The climate is strongly continental with large temperature variations during the year. Long winters and short, hot summers are characteristic for the central and southern regions where most of the krai's population lives. The territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai experiences conditions of three climate belts: arctic, subarctic, and humid continental. In the north there are less than 40 days with temperature above 10 °C (50 °F), while in the south there are 110-120 such days.
The average temperature in January is −36 °C (−32.8 °F) in the north and −18 °C (−0.4 °F) in the south. The average temperature in July is 5 to 10 °C (41 to 50 °F) in the north – where the most poleward
The coastline contains several prominent peninsulas – from west to east the main ones are the
There are also a large number of islands off the krai's coast, the most prominent of which are (from west to east)
In the south there is a Ergaki Nature Park which is a protected area of Krasnoyarsk Krai. It contains the Western Sayan Mountains.[11] The park was established in 2005 and it covers an area of 342,873 ha (847,260 acres).[12] It is bordered by the Yenisei highway.[13]
History
According to archaeologists, the first people reached Siberia circa 40,000
Russian settlement of the area (mostly by Cossacks) began in the 17th century. After the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway the Russian colonization of the area strongly increased. In 1822, the Yeniseysk Governorate was created with Krasnoyarsk as its administrative center that covered territory very similar to that of the current krai.
During both the
On June 30, 1908, in the basin of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River, there occurred a powerful explosion most likely to have been caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet fragment at an altitude of 5–10 kilometers (3.1–6.2 miles) above the Earth's surface. The force of the explosion is estimated to be about 10–15 megatons. It flattened more than 2,000 square kilometers (490,000 acres) of pine forest and killed thousands of reindeer.
Krasnoyarsk Krai was created in 1934 after disaggregation of the West Siberian and East Siberian Krais and later included Taymyr and Evenk Autonomous Okrugs and Khakas Autonomous Oblast. In 1991, Khakassia separated from the krai and became a republic within the Russian Federation. On January 1, 2007, following a referendum on the issue held on April 17, 2005, the territories of Evenk and Taymyr Autonomous Okrugs were merged into the krai.
Politics
During the
The Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The
In December 1991, president Boris Yeltsin appointed Arkady Veprev as the first governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In January 1993 Yeltsin appointed Valery Zubov as the second governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In Krasnoyarsk Territory governor elections were called. Zubov was elected in a universal election for a five-year term. The Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai was created as well.
In 1998, Zubov lost in the gubernatorial election to
In 2002, Alexander Khloponin, the governor of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug and an influential businessman, was elected a governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In 2007, he was nominated by president Vladimir Putin for re-election, and the legislative assembly elected Khloponin for the second term.
In 2010, after Khloponin was promoted to the office of the president's envoy in the
Krasnoyarsk Krai is represented in the
Economy
Over 95% of the cities, a majority of the industrial enterprises, and all of the agriculture are concentrated in the south of the krai.
Natural resources
The krai is among the richest of Russia's regions in natural resources: 80% of the country's
Industry
The krai's major industries are: non-ferrous metallurgy, energy, forestry, chemicals, and oil refining. The major financial-industrial groups of Krasnoyarsk Krai are:
- Basic Element (Krasnoyarsk Aluminium Plant, Achinsk Alumina Complex, Krasnoyarsk Pulp and Paper Plant)
- Interros (Norilsk Nickel)
- Evraz Group(iron mines, timber)
- MDM Group (SUEK, Siberian Coal and Energy Company)
- RusHydro (generation of electric power)
- RZhD(railroads)
- Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev satellite manufacturing
Power generation
The two most powerful
- Sajano-Schuschensk reservoir (Саяно-Шушенское водохранилище: 621 km2; 31.300 Mio. m³; 6400 MW)
- Krasnoyarsk Reservoir (2130 km2; 73.300 Mio. m³; 6000 MW)
Three are at its tributary
- Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station (45.800 Mio. m³; 660 MW)
- Bratsk Reservoir (5426 km2; 169.270 Mio. m³; 4500 MW)
- Ust-Ilimsk reservoir (Усть-Илимское водохранилище: 1873 km2; 59.300 Mio. m³; 4320 MW)
It makes Krasnoyarsk Krai one of Russia's most important producers of electric energy and a desirable location for energy-intensive industries, such as aluminum plants. [citation needed]
Transportation
- Trans-Siberian Railroad(650 km (400 mi) within Krasnoyarsk Krai), Norilsk Railroad (northernmost railroad in the world before Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line); North Siberian Railroad is planned.
- Highways: M53 Baikal (Novosibirsk-Krasnoyarsk-Irkutsk), M54 Yenisei (Krasnoyarsk-Kyzyl-Mongolia) R409 Eniseiskiy trakt (Krasnoyarsk-Lesosibirsk-Yeniseysk).
- Maklakovo, Strelka, Krasnoyarsk
- 26 airports, including an international airport (Yemelyanovonear Krasnoyarsk).
- Two pipes of Irkutsk-Anzhero-Sudzhensk petroleum pipeline.
- Major power transmission lines.
Administrative divisions
Krasnoyarsk Krai consists of forty-four districts and sixteen towns of district significance. Two of the districts (Evenkiysky and Taymyrsky; the former autonomous okrugs) have special status.
Demographics
Population (including former Taymyr and Evenk Autonomous Okrugs): 2,856,971 (2021 Census);[15] 2,828,187 (2010 Russian census);[16] 3,023,525 (2002 Census);[17] 3,596,260 (1989 Soviet census).[18]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1926 | 1,420,286 | — |
1959 | 2,615,098 | +84.1% |
1970 | 2,961,991 | +13.3% |
1979 | 3,197,580 | +8.0% |
1989 | 3,596,260 | +12.5% |
2002 | 3,023,525 | −15.9% |
2010 | 2,828,187 | −6.5% |
2021 | 2,856,971 | +1.0% |
Source: Census data |
Ethnic groups: The population of the krai mostly consists of Russians, and some other peoples of the former Soviet Union. The indigenous Siberian peoples make up no more than 1% of the population.
The 2021 Census reported the following ethnic composition:[19]
Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Russians | 2,382,723 | 93.6% |
Tatars | 19,418 | 0.8% |
Tajiks | 12,968 | 0.5% |
Azerbaijanis | 11,658 | 0.5% |
Ukrainians | 11,601 | 0.5% |
Kyrgyz | 10,652 | 0.4% |
Others | 95,645 | 3.8% |
- 100,621 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[20]
Vital statistics for 2022:[21][22]
- Births: 26,401 (9.3 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 38,428 (13.5 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2022):[23]
1.43 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):[24]
Total — 68.35 years (male — 63.56, female — 73.13)
Settlements
Largest cities or towns in Krasnoyarsk Krai
2021 Russian Census | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Administrative Division | Pop. | |||||||
Krasnoyarsk Norilsk |
1 | Krasnoyarsk | City of krai significance of Krasnoyarsk | 1,187,771 | Achinsk Kansk | ||||
2 | Norilsk | City of krai significance of Norilsk | 174,453 | ||||||
3 | Achinsk | Achinsky District | 100,621 | ||||||
4 | Kansk | Kansky District | 86,816 | ||||||
5 | Zheleznogorsk | Closed administrative-territorial formation of Zheleznogorsk | 82,723 | ||||||
6 | Minusinsk | Minusinsky District | 70,089 | ||||||
7 | Zelenogorsk | Closed administrative-territorial formation of Zelenogorsk | 54,279 | ||||||
8 | Lesosibirsk | Town of krai significance of Lesosibirsk | 55,730 | ||||||
9 | Nazarovo | Nazarovsky District | 45,333 | ||||||
10 | Sosnovoborsk | Town of krai significance of Sosnovoborsk | 40,442 |
Demographics for 2007
District | Pop[25] | Births | Deaths | NG | BR | DR | NGR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Krasnoyarsk Krai | 2,890,350 | 34,206 | 38,470 | -4,264 | 11.83 | 13.31 | -0.15% |
Taimirsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District
|
37,768 | 592 | 335 | 257 | 15.67 | 8.87 | 0.68% |
Evenkiysky District | 16,705 | 304 | 233 | 71 | 18.20 | 13.95 | 0.43% |
Abansky District | 24,997 | 346 | 419 | -73 | 13.84 | 16.76 | -0.29% |
Achinsky District | 15,918 | 226 | 253 | -27 | 14.20 | 15.89 | -0.17% |
Balakhtinsky District | 23,761 | 281 | 409 | -128 | 11.83 | 17.21 | -0.54% |
Beryozovsky District | 38,527 | 483 | 543 | -60 | 12.54 | 14.09 | -0.16% |
Birilyussky District | 11,431 | 159 | 228 | -69 | 13.91 | 19.95 | -0.60% |
Bogotolsky District | 11,371 | 151 | 233 | -82 | 13.28 | 20.49 | -0.72% |
Boguchansky District | 48,312 | 585 | 626 | -41 | 12.11 | 12.96 | -0.08% |
Bolshemurtinsky District | 19,292 | 207 | 398 | -191 | 10.73 | 20.63 | -0.99% |
Bolsheuluysky District | 8,540 | 112 | 157 | -45 | 13.11 | 18.38 | -0.53% |
Dzerzhinsky District | 15,025 | 180 | 298 | -118 | 11.98 | 19.83 | -0.79% |
Novosyolovsky District | 15,128 | 192 | 226 | -34 | 12.69 | 14.94 | -0.22% |
Partizansky District | 11,003 | 155 | 233 | -78 | 14.09 | 21.18 | -0.71% |
Pirovsky District | 8,251 | 97 | 125 | -28 | 11.76 | 15.15 | -0.34% |
Rybinsky District | 23,393 | 309 | 422 | -113 | 13.21 | 18.04 | -0.48% |
Sayansky District | 13,058 | 163 | 235 | -72 | 12.48 | 18.00 | -0.55% |
Severo-Yeniseysky District | 10,907 | 153 | 136 | 17 | 14.03 | 12.47 | 0.16% |
Sukhobuzimsky District | 23,050 | 287 | 362 | -75 | 12.45 | 15.70 | -0.33% |
Taseyevsky District | 13,962 | 161 | 234 | -73 | 11.53 | 16.76 | -0.52% |
Turukhansky District | 20,736 | 249 | 295 | -46 | 12.01 | 14.23 | -0.22% |
Tyukhtetsky District | 9,034 | 111 | 197 | -86 | 12.29 | 21.81 | -0.95% |
Uzhursky District | 33,952 | 541 | 586 | -45 | 15.93 | 17.26 | -0.13% |
Uyarsky District | 22,255 | 250 | 495 | -245 | 11.23 | 22.24 | -1.10% |
Idrinsky District | 14,037 | 157 | 252 | -95 | 11.18 | 17.95 | -0.68% |
Ilansky District | 26,436 | 352 | 453 | -101 | 13.32 | 17.14 | -0.38% |
Irbeysky District | 18,053 | 241 | 300 | -59 | 13.35 | 16.62 | -0.33% |
Kazachinsky District | 11,333 | 162 | 191 | -29 | 14.29 | 16.85 | -0.26% |
Sharypovsky District | 17,816 | 244 | 295 | -51 | 13.70 | 16.56 | -0.29% |
Shushensky District | 35,372 | 392 | 659 | -267 | 11.08 | 18.63 | -0.75% |
Krasnoyarsk | 905,000 | 10,585 | 10,936 | -351 | 11.70 | 12.08 | -0.04% |
Achinsk | 110,838 | 1,333 | 1,702 | -369 | 12.03 | 15.36 | -0.33% |
Bogotol | 21,997 | 273 | 407 | -134 | 12.41 | 18.50 | -0.61% |
Borodino | 18,759 | 197 | 247 | -50 | 10.50 | 13.17 | -0.27% |
Divnogorsk | 30,968 | 337 | 438 | -101 | 10.88 | 14.14 | -0.33% |
Yeniseysk | 19,086 | 265 | 278 | -13 | 13.88 | 14.57 | -0.07% |
Zaozyorny | 11,359 | 184 | 221 | -37 | 16.20 | 19.46 | -0.33% |
Kansk | 98,965 | 1,113 | 1,458 | -345 | 11.25 | 14.73 | -0.35% |
Lesosibirsk | 64,215 | 932 | 1,027 | -95 | 14.51 | 15.99 | -0.15% |
Minusinsk | 66,770 | 852 | 1,141 | -289 | 12.76 | 17.09 | -0.43% |
Nazarovo | 53,593 | 568 | 890 | -322 | 10.60 | 16.61 | -0.60% |
Norilsk | 206,359 | 2,402 | 1,150 | 1,252 | 11.64 | 5.57 | 0.61% |
Sosnovoborsk | 30,074 | 306 | 275 | 31 | 10.17 | 9.14 | 0.10% |
Sharypovo | 38,495 | 599 | 583 | 16 | 15.56 | 15.14 | 0.04% |
Yemelyanovsky District | 45,908 | 493 | 633 | -140 | 10.74 | 13.79 | -0.30% |
Kansky District | 26,696 | 361 | 425 | -64 | 13.52 | 15.92 | -0.24% |
Karatuzsky District | 16,992 | 215 | 307 | -92 | 12.65 | 18.07 | -0.54% |
Kezhemsky District | 24,406 | 277 | 300 | -23 | 11.35 | 12.29 | -0.09% |
Kozulsky District | 18,292 | 225 | 344 | -119 | 12.30 | 18.81 | -0.65% |
Krasnoturansky District | 16,098 | 201 | 247 | -46 | 12.49 | 15.34 | -0.29% |
Kuraginsky District | 51,402 | 669 | 851 | -182 | 13.02 | 16.56 | -0.35% |
Mansky District | 17,684 | 226 | 365 | -139 | 12.78 | 20.64 | -0.79% |
Minusinsky District | 26,457 | 339 | 409 | -70 | 12.81 | 15.46 | -0.26% |
Motyginsky District | 18,152 | 238 | 257 | -19 | 13.11 | 14.16 | -0.10% |
Nazarovsky District | 23,609 | 390 | 356 | 34 | 16.52 | 15.08 | 0.14% |
Yeniseysky District | 27,044 | 353 | 418 | -65 | 13.05 | 15.46 | -0.24% |
Yermakovsky District | 20,621 | 310 | 360 | -50 | 15.03 | 17.46 | -0.24% |
Nizhneingashsky District | 35,886 | 448 | 597 | -149 | 12.48 | 16.64 | -0.42% |
Other | 245,202 | 1,673 | 2,020 | -347 | 6.82 | 8.24 | -0.14% |
Religion
As per the survey conducted in 2012,
Education
Krasnoyarsk is the site of the Siberian Federal University, one of Russia's four largest educational institutions. Other notable higher education institutes of the krai are:
- Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University (Russian abbreviation is KGPU), founded in 1932
- Siberian State Technological University (Russian abbreviation is SibGTU), the oldest in the city, founded in 1930 as the Siberian Institute of Forestry
- Siberian State Aerospace University (Russian abbreviation is SibGAU), founded in 1960
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (Russian abbreviation is KrasGMU), founded in 1942
- Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University (Russian abbreviation is Krasnoyarsk GAU), founded in 1952
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ a b Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Article 46
- ^ "Krasnoyarsk Territory to be headed by Deputy Minister of Finance Kotyukov". Novay Gazeta Europe (in Russian). April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
- Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the originalon February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ Resolution of December 7, 1934
- ^ "История". ergaki-park.ru. Ergaki Natural Park. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ Baklitskaya, Kate (November 1, 2012). "Siberian Secrets - the majestic Yergaki National Park". siberiantimes.com. The Siberian Times. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ Mikhailovich, Ryzhenkov Vladimir (2024). "Природный парк «Ергаки» / Досье / Справка". newslab.ru. News Laboratory LLC. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "Arctic Social Sciences - Arctic Studies Center". Mnh.si.edu. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. December 19, 2011. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
- ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original(XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
- ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
- ^ "Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Красноярскому краю - Население". Statis.krs.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
- ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Красноярского края. №5-1777 5 июня 2008 г. «Устав Красноярского края», в ред. Закона №4-1178 от 4 апреля 2013 г. «Об изменении статей 62 и 90 Устава Красноярского края в связи с принятием Федерального закона от 3 декабря 2012 года №229-ФЗ "О порядке формирования Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации"». Вступил в силу 24 июня 2008 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: "Краевой вестник", №1 (спецвыпуск), 11 июня 2008 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. #5-1777 June 5, 2008 Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai, as amended by the Law #4-1178 of April 4, 2013 On Amending Articles 62 and 90 of the Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai Due to the Adoption of the Federal Law #229-FZ of December 3, 2012 "On the Procedures of the Formation of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation". Effective as of June 24, 2008 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет. Постановление от 7 декабря 1934 г. «О разукрупнении Западносибирского и Восточносибирского краёв и образовании новых областей в Сибири». (All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Resolution of December 7, 1934 On the Subdivision of West Siberian and East Siberian Krais and on the Establishment of New Oblasts in Siberia. ).
External links
- Official website of Krasnoyarsk Krai Archived October 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- Putorana Plateau at Natural Heritage Protection Fund
- Пантелеев В. НА ПЕРЕЛОМЕ: Аркадий Вепрев у руля. Победа Валерия Зубова на губернаторских выборах//Красноярский рабочий.- 2011. - №145.- 19 августа.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 914–915. .