Silene stenophylla
Silene stenophylla | |
---|---|
Silene stenophylla growing in Magadan Oblast, Russia | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Caryophyllaceae |
Genus: | Silene |
Species: | S. stenophylla
|
Binomial name | |
Silene stenophylla Ledeb. (1842)
|
Silene stenophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. Commonly called narrow-leafed campion, it is a species in the genus Silene. It grows in the Arctic tundra of far eastern Siberia and the mountains of northern Japan. Frozen samples, estimated via radiocarbon dating to be around 32,000 years old, were discovered in the same area as current living specimens, and in 2012, a team of scientists successfully regenerated a plant from the samples.[1][2]
Habitat and description
Silene stenophylla grows in the Arctic tundra of far eastern Siberia and the mountains of northern Japan.
Etymology
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek stenos (narrow) and phyllon (leaf) to give "narrow-leaved".[7]
Recovery of frozen remains
A team of scientists from Russia, Hungary and the United States recovered frozen Silene stenophylla seeds and remains from the
Using
The Duvanny Yar section exposes the
Regeneration
In February 2012, a team of scientists from the Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences announced they had successfully regenerated specimens from fruit that had been frozen for 31,800 (±300) years according to their radiocarbon dating.[9][15] The accomplishment surpasses the previous record for the oldest plant material brought back to life, of 2000 years set by Judean date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds.[9] The team led by David Gilichinsky used material recovered in 2007 by Stakhov et al.[9][10] Gilichinsky, who for many years was head of the Geocryology Lab in the Institute for Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, died in February 2012, just before the paper was published. He was recognized by the team as a "pioneer in studying microorganisms in Siberian and Antarctic permafrost, his achievement attracted scientists from all over the world to research on permafrost life systems."[2]
Initially, the researchers attempted to germinate mature seeds recovered from the fruit.[9] When these attempts failed, they turned to the fruit itself and were able to culture adult plants from placental tissue.[9] The team grew 36 specimens from the tissue.[10] The plants looked identical to modern specimens until they flowered, at which time the petals were observed to be longer and more widely spaced than modern versions of the plant.[10] The reasons for the observed variations are not known.[9] Seeds produced by the regenerated plants germinated at a 100% success rate, compared with 90% for modern plants.[10]
According to Robin Probert of the
The successful regeneration of the Silene stenophylla plants was cited in 2014 as the inspiration for experiments that discovered a viable
References
- ^ a b Isachenkov, Vladimir (21 February 2012), "Russians revive Ice Age flower from frozen burrow", Jakarta Post via Associated Press, Moscow, archived from the original on 12 March 2016, retrieved 31 December 2014
- ^ PMID 22355102.
- ^ ISSN 0583-0605. Archived from the original(PDF) on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
- ^ Pavel Slabý. "Silene stenophylla Ledeb". Rock Garden Plants Database. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
- ^ S. G. Gorschkova (1970) [1936]. "Silene". In B. K. Schischkin (ed.). Flora of the U.S.S.R. ['Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskau-Leningrad)]. Vol. 6. Israel Program for Scientific Translations. p. 479. Archived from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M.; Murray, David F.; DeChaine, Eric (2010). "Contrasting Patterns of Plant Distribution in Beringia" (PDF). Alaska Park Science. 8 (2). Arctic Alaska Park Service Symposium and Beringia International Conference: 26–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
- ^ "Plantillustrations.org Epithet: stenophyllus,-a,-um". Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ a b c d Stakhov, V; Gyulai, Gabor; Szabó, Zoltan; Kovacs, Laszlo G.; Murenyetz, Lilja; Lagler, Richard; Toth, Zoltan; Yashina, S.; Bittsánszky, Andras; Heszky, Laszlo; Gubin, S. (8 July 2007). Pleistocene-age Silene stenophylla seeds excavated in Russia – a scanning electron microscopic analysis. Botany & Plant Biology 2007. Chicago, IL. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Richard Black. "Ancient plants back to life after 30,000 frozen years". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Wade, Nicholas (20 February 2012). "Dead for 32,000 Years, an Arctic Plant Is Revived". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
- ^ Hopkins, D. M.; et al., eds. (1982), Paleoecology of Beringia, New York: Academic
- (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2019.via Wiley
- ^ Strauss, Jens; Wetterich, Sebastian; Schirrmeister, Lutz (June 2010). Permafrost properties of the Yedoma key site at Duvanny Yar (Kolyma lowland, East Siberia). IPY Oslo Science Conference.
- ^ "Pleistocene Park Underway: Home for Reborn Mammoths?", National Geographic, 17 May 2005, archived from the original on 29 June 2018, retrieved 20 April 2009,
During the last ice age northeastern Siberia remained a grassy refuge for scores of animals, including bison and woolly mammoths. Then, about 10,000 years ago, this vast ecosystem disappeared as the Ice Age ended. Now, though, the Ice Age landscape is on its way back, with a little help from the Russian scientists who have established "Pleistocene Park.
- ^ "Scientists regenerate a plant – 30,000 years on". Agence France-Presse. 20 February 2012. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
- ^ "Russian scientists germinate ice-age seed". CBC News. 20 February 2012. Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
- S2CID 87146458.
External links
- Silene stenophylla picture from Jablonevij pass, Siberia
- Silene stenophylla regeneration experiment pictures
Media related to Silene stenophylla at Wikimedia Commons