Sinotyrannus

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Sinotyrannus
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Skeletal diagram of Sinotyrannus based on Yutyrannus and other proceratosaurids
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Family: †Proceratosauridae
Genus: †Sinotyrannus
Ji et al., 2009
Species:
†S. kazuoensis
Binomial name
†Sinotyrannus kazuoensis
Ji et al., 2009

Sinotyrannus (meaning "Chinese tyrant") is a

Dilong, it is similar in size to later forms such as Tyrannosaurus. It was much larger than contemporary tyrannosauroids, reaching a total estimated length of 9–10 m (30–33 ft), and was the largest known theropod from the Jiufotang Formation. The type species, S. kazuoensis, was described by Ji et al. in 2009.[2]

Description

Estimated size of Sinotyrannus compared to a human

Sinotyrannus was a large tyrannosaur, measuring approximately 9–10 metres (30–33 ft) long and weighing 2.5 metric tons (2.8 short tons).

Dilong to advanced apex predators such as Tyrannosaurus. The holotype, KZV-001, consists of a disarticulated partial skeleton including the front portion of the skull, three dorsal vertebrae, incomplete ilia, three articulated manual phalanges (including an ungual), and other fragmentary bones.[2]

The described cranial elements include the

dentary, and anterior portions of the maxillae and nasals. The dorsal margin of the maxilla is unusually concave unlike the convex condition in tyrannosaurids. The nares are large and elliptical, supporting its relation to proceratosauridae. The dentary gradually curves upwards as it approaches its front edge. Many teeth are preserved attached to the maxillae, with a roughly equal number of denticles on each side, similarly to those of tyrannosaurids. Sinotyrannus could perceivably have had a tall nasal crest like other proceratosaurids, although not enough of its nasals are preserved to be certain.[2][4]

The three preserved vertebrae have very tall neural spines. The proportions of the preserved manual phalanges support the idea that they belong to the second finger, and the ungual has a deep groove on each side. The ilia are mainly present as molds, with the mold of the external side of the left ilium being the most complete. The preacetabular blade is short and wide, with a massive pubic peduncle, while the postacetabular blade is longer and thinner, with a triangular ischial peduncle. These traits of the ilia differentiate it from more advanced tyrannosauroids such as the tyrannosaurids.[2]

Classification

Life reconstruction of S. kazuoensis

The original description of Sinotyrannus proposed that it could have been the earliest

phylogenetic analyses are shown in the cladogram below:[4]

Tyrannosauroidea

However, Brusatte et al. (2016) instead placed Juratyrant and Stokesosaurus outside of the Proceratosauridae, and proposed that Sinotyrannus represents the

sister taxon of Yutyrannus within proceratosauridae. The results of their phylogenetic analyses are shown in the cladogram below:[5]

Proceratosauridae

See also

References

  1. S2CID 45978858
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f Ji, Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, L.-J. (2009). "First large tyrannosauroid theropod from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota in northeastern China" (PDF). Geological Bulletin of China. 28 (10): 1369–1374. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2018.
  3. ISBN 9780691137209
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 24223179
    .
  5. PMID 26830019
    .

External links
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