Six Dynasties
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Six Dynasties (
Six Dynasties with capitals in Jiankang
The six dynasties based in Jiankang (in modern Nanjing) were:
- Eastern Wu dynasty (222–280)
- Eastern Jin dynasty (317–420)
- Liu Song dynasty (420–479)
- Southern Qi dynasty (479–502)
- Liang dynasty (502–557)
- Chen dynasty (557–589)
Xu Song (許嵩) from the Tang dynasty wrote a book titled Veritable Records of Jiankang (建康實錄) that provides a historical account of Jiankang, which gave rise to this list.
They are sometimes referred to as the southern Six Dynasties, to distinguish them from the so-called northern Six dynasties:[1]
- Wei dynasty (220–266)
- Western Jin dynasty (266–316)
- Northern Wei dynasty(386–535)
- Northern Qi dynasty(550–577)
- Northern Zhou dynasty(557–581)
- Sui dynasty (581–618)
Poetry in the Six Dynasties
The Six Dynasties was an important era in the history of Chinese poetry, especially remarkable for its frank (for Classical Chinese poetry) descriptions of love and beauty. Especially important, and frequently translated into English, is the anthology New Songs from the Jade Terrace, compiled by Xu Ling (507–83), under the patronage of Crown Prince Xiao Gang (Later Emperor Jian Wen) of the Liang dynasty.[2] Also significant, is the Zi Ye, or "Lady Midnight" style, supposedly originating with an eponymously named fourth-century professional singer of the Jin dynasty.[3]
Legacy
The Six Dynasties period was the first time in history that the political centre of China was located in the south, which spurred a surge in population as well as economic and cultural development. This transformed southern China from remote territories to the economic centre that came to rival the north from Tang dynasty onwards.
Buddhism, which first reached China via the Silk Road during the Eastern Han dynasty, flourished in the Six Dynasties (and simultaneously in the Northern Dynasties) and has been a major religion in China ever since.
The Japanese scholar Tanigawa Michio analysed the Six Dynasties period to test general theories of China's historical development. Some thinkers, Tanigawa writes, argue that China followed the set European pattern which Marxists and liberal thinkers thought to be universal, that is, from ancient slavery to medieval feudalism to modern capitalism, while others argue that "Chinese society was extraordinarily saturated with stagnancy, as compared to the West, and they assume that it existed in a qualitatively different historical world from Western society." That is, there an argument between those who see "uni-linear, monistic world history" and those who conceive of a "two-tracked or multitracked world history." Tanigawa's conclusion is that China did not have "feudalism" in the sense that Marxists use, but that the military governments did not develop a military aristocracy of the sort that developed in Europe. The period established social and political patterns which shaped China's history from that point on.[4]
See also
- Chinese sovereign
- Dynasties in Chinese history
- History of China
- Nanjing (Nanking)
- Three Kingdoms
- Jin dynasty (266–420)
- Sixteen Kingdoms
- Northern dynasties
- Southern dynasties
References
Citations
- ^ ISBN 978-0-674-00249-4.
- ^ Watson, 92, and following
- ^ Watson, 60
- ^ Tanigawa (1985), p. 3.
Sources
- Dien, Albert E. (2007). Six Dynasties Civilization. Yale University Press. JSTOR j.ctt5vm2b9.
- Tanigawa, Michio (1985). Medieval Chinese Society and the Local "Community". Translated by ISBN 0520053702.
- Watson, Burton (1971). Chinese Lyricism: Shih Poetry from the Second to the Twelfth Century. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03464-4
- SIX DYNASTIES CIVILIZATION
External links
- Intellectual Trends Of The Early Six Dynasties Period Indiana University.
- Ch 1 The Six Dynasties Dien, Six Dynasties Civilization.
- 300 to 600 CE: CHINA Asia for Educators Columbia University Weatherhead Institute. Documents, maps, links.