Smaragd of Kalocsa
Smaragd | |
|---|---|
Provost of Fehérvár | |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 1259 |
| Personal details | |
| Died | July 1265 |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Parents | Smaragd II |
Smaragd (III) from the kindred Smaragd (
Early career
Smaragd III was born into the gens (clan) Smaragd (or Smaragdus). According to Simon of Kéza's Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, the kindred originated from the line of "Counts of Champagne" in France. This narrative was also preserved by the 14th-century Illuminated Chronicle. They founded the Premontre monastery church of Zsámbék.[1] His father was Smaragd II, who served as Judge royal from 1205 to 1206 and Voivode of Transylvania in 1206, during the reign of Andrew II of Hungary.[2] Smaragd had two brothers, Aynard and Gilét, both of them were officials of Queen Maria Laskarina, and progenitors of the Ajnárdfi and Gilétfi (Zsámboki) noble families, respectively, which flourished until the 15th century.[3][4] Smaragd and his brothers requested Béla IV of Hungary in 1258 in order to confirm their ancestors' donations in favor of the monastery of Zsámbék.[5]
The near-contemporary Steirische Reimchronik ("Styrian Rhyming Chronicle") described Smaragd as a "cleric of elite origin and a distinguished doctor of
After
Archbishop of Kalocsa
Thomas Hahót died in late 1256. Smaragd was elected as his successor in the first half of 1257. He was first mentioned as Archbishop-elect of Kalocsa on 30 May 1257.
Smaragd also exercised his metropolitan rights; when
The 1262 truce between father and son could not prevent the outbreak of the
However, Smaragd was murdered by some of his servants some weeks later, in July 1265, according to the narration of the Steirische Reimchronik. Church historian József Udvardy claimed it happened one year later, in July 1266,[16] but there is sede vacante in the Archdiocese of Kalocsa in early 1266, and Smaragd was succeeded by Stephen II Báncsa (the above-mentioned cardinal's nephew) already in February 1266.[12][19] The motivation behind Smaragd's murder remained obscure, but the possibility of a political assassination is can be largely ruled out.[16]
References
- ^ Balázs 2016, p. 42.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, pp. 28, 37.
- ^ Engel: Genealógia (Genus Smaragdus 1., Ajnárdfi [Kükei, Atyai, Görögmezei] branch)
- ^ Balázs 2016, p. 44.
- ^ Balázs 2016, p. 48.
- ^ a b c d e Udvardy 1991, p. 149.
- ^ a b Balázs 2016, p. 43.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 14.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 111.
- ^ Szűcs 2002, p. 134.
- ^ Udvardy 1991, p. 153.
- ^ a b Zsoldos 2011, p. 85.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 21.
- ^ a b c d Udvardy 1991, p. 150.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 118.
- ^ a b c d e f Udvardy 1991, p. 151.
- ^ Szűcs 2002, p. 170.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 84.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 99.
Sources
- Balázs, Gergő (2016). "A Smaragd nemzetség története [The History of the Smaragd Clan]". Turul (in Hungarian). 89 (2). Magyar Heraldikai és Genealógiai Társaság: 41–53. ISSN 1216-7258.
- Szűcs, Jenő (2002). Az utolsó Árpádok [The Last Árpáds] (in Hungarian). Osiris Kiadó. ISBN 963-389-271-6.
- Udvardy, József (1991). A kalocsai érsekek életrajza (1000–1526) [Biographies of Archbishops of Kalocsa, 1000–1526] (in Hungarian). Görres Gesellschaft.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2007). Családi ügy: IV. Béla és István ifjabb király viszálya az 1260-as években [A family affair: The Conflict between Béla IV and Junior King Stephen in the 1260s] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-15-4.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.