Stephen I Báncsa

Bishop of Vác (1241–1243)
Coat of arms

Stephen (I) Báncsa (

Ancestry and family

He was born around 1205 as a descendant of the

Báncsa first appeared in contemporary records as Provost of Bács and Chancellor of King Béla IV^[13] on 9 January 1238,^[1][14] when the king listed and confirmed the landholdings of the Order of Saint John in Hungary.^[15][16] Still in 1238, he appears in the same capacity in a charter of Palatine Denis Tomaj, when they jointly judged over a possession lawsuit between Bartholomew, Bishop of Veszprém and the Pannonhalma Abbey.^[15] Historians Tibor Almási and László Koszta consider that Báncsa was member of the collegiate chapter in Bács and became chancellor due to the intervention of his ecclesiastical superior Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa, who also served as chancellor during the reign of Béla's father Andrew II.^[17]

In the next year, Báncsa was transferred to Titel, where he functioned as provost too, from 1239 to 1240. He was a member of an ad hoc council summoned by Denis Tomaj to judge in the case of Sala church estate which had several jurisdictional conflicts over the years. The document is preserved by the abbey's Liber ruber.^[18] Báncsa is last mentioned as chancellor on 21 March 1240, when the Cistercians were granted patronage of four parishes in Burzenland (Barcaság), Transylvania. Two royal documents suggest that Báncsa presumably still held the court office during the Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241, but their credibility is highly questionable.^[18]

Prelate in Hungary

Bishop of Vác

After the death of

Returning home, Báncsa joined Béla's companion, who fled to Dalmatia, after a Mongol detachment chased him from town to town as far as Trogir on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.^[24] There Báncsa was elected as Archbishop of Esztergom in the spring of 1242, he was first mentioned in that capacity by Thomas of Split in his work Historia Salonitana.^[19] As archbishop-elect, Báncsa retained his post of Bishop of Vác too.^[22][26] While Béla returned to Hungary in May 1242, Báncsa remained in Klis with the royal family until his homecoming in September. The town of Vác was rebuilt and inhabited by German colonists under his direction.^[24]

Archbishop of Esztergom

Pope Innocent IV, elected on 25 June 1243, confirmed Báncsa's appointment as Archbishop of Esztergom, being transferred from the Diocese of Vác with the permission of the Roman Curia, granted on 7 July 1243.^[27] On 19 July 1243, Pope Innocent wrote a letter to Báncsa, appointing him Apostolic Legate in Croatia and Dalmatia.^[28] Accordingly, he was instructed to take action against the "growing heresy" in the province.^[29] However this document again refers to Báncsa as archbishop-elect, in addition to the charter of the Cathedral Chapter of Esztergom in August 1243, where Báncsa appears as procurator of the archdiocese. According to Gergely Kiss, this transitional status lasted until the first half of 1244.^[30]

After 1244, Stephen Báncsa sought to strengthen the authority of the Metropolitan Archdiocese over the chapters and monastic orders in Hungary. His most important mainstay was Pope Innocent in these endeavors. For instance, Albert, provost of Arad was forced to acknowledge the supremacy of Esztergom over his chapter in 1246.^[31] Pope Innocent ordered the monks of the Mount of Saint Martin (Pannonhalma) to promise obedience to the Archdiocese of Esztergom as their exarchate in 1247.^[32] When Béla confirmed the privileges of the hospes in Beregszász (today Berehove, Ukraine) in December 1247, the king assigned the jurisdiction of Esztergom to the Saxon community. The Premonstratensian provostry of Hatvan was also a subject of the archdiocese's spiritual jurisdiction. The acquired area was settled with colonists by Báncsa since the early 1240s.^[31] Báncsa expanded the archbishopric' landed property with purchases, exchanges and donations.^[30] He donated the tithe of wine production to the canons of the St. Adalbert Cathedral in 1244. Upon his request, Nicholas, custos of Esztergom and dean of Sasvár (today part of Šaštín-Stráže, Slovakia) and the Esztergom Chapter were granted the estates of Szőlő and Rendvég (belonged to Nógrád Castle) by Béla IV in 1248. Báncsa donated the land of Tyrna to the collegiate chapter in 1250.^[33]

Báncsa even represented the church's interests against the monarch, thus there relationship worsened since the mid-1240s. For instance, Béla filed a complaint that

As archbishop, Stephen sought to expand the possessions of the archdiocese of Esztergom. He bought Gúg (today a borough of Zemné, Slovakia) in 1245 and Vásárd (today Horné Trhovište, Slovakia) in 1248, both estates laid in Nyitra County. He bought portions in Hatvan (today Palotás) in Nógrád County from the gens (clan) Záh in 1250. Stephen also acquired the estates Csát in Tolna County (in the area where his personal landholdings were located) and Lucfalva in Nógrád County in 1251.^[37] Stephen exchanged the estate Szőny for Örs (parts of Komárno and Komárom, respectively) with Béla IV in 1249.^[38] In order to settle his debt, a local noble George handed over his estate in Nagyszombat (today Trnava, Slovakia) to the archbishopric in 1250.^[39] He unlawfully seized the estates Szalatna, Zellő és Verbenye in Nógrád County from local nobles.^[39] Following a personal lawsuit (see above), Benedict of Kalocsa (otherwise, his successor) donated the estate Úrkuta in Esztergom County to Stephen in 1251.^[40]

Cardinal

Creation

Báncsa was appointed

After his creation as cardinal, Báncsa remained in the position of archbishop at least until 20 October 1252, when he is mentioned in that capacity for the last time. Thereafter, he temporarily left Hungary for Rome. Even so, upon his personal request, he continued to serve as Administrator of the Archdiocese of Esztergom (1252–1254),[46] usurping its income of tithe from Csallóköz (today Žitný ostrov, Slovakia).^[47] Thus he was among the external cardinals. Since February 1253, he was an active participant in the papal governmental activity. He escorted Pope Innocent, when his court moved from Perugia to Anagni. In May, Báncsa was made papal legate to "Hungary and Slavonia" (i.e. Croatia) to mediate between Béla IV of Hungary and the newly ascended Ottokar II of Bohemia^[48] (but after he renewed his claim at Esztergom, Báncsa's task was transferred to papal confessor Velasco).^[49] According to his own document, Báncsa became ill, due to his being unaccustomed to the climate, among other reasons,^[50] and he therefore petitioned Pope Innocent IV to allow him to return to Hungary. Innocent and the cardinals were reluctant to lose him and his expertise, but Innocent granted him the privilege of returning to Esztergom, and continuing his administration of that diocese, until the next Feast of All Saints (1 November). At that point he was to resign the Church of Esztergom to a prelate of the Kingdom of Hungary of his choice, and return to the Papal Curia by Christmas 1253. If he did not return by that date, the bishopric of Palestrina was to be considered vacant, according to the pope's instruction.^[51]

Historians László Koszta and Tibor Almási considered that Báncsa wanted to return to Hungary because of financial difficulties, beside climatic inconveniences. Unlike the most cardinals, Báncsa did not belong to influential Italian families, who might have supported his aspirations and could not count on his national monarch's support, as Béla IV was outraged by the marginalization of the Mongol issue in the Roman Curia. Báncsa regarded his appointment of cardinal as an unpleasant and costly assignment, and tried to escape from the task.^[52] However, Báncsa's efforts in this direction failed. The Esztergom Chapter elected Chancellor Benedict as their archbishop.^[19] The election was acknowledged by King Béla, who otherwise criticized the method of choice, requested the pope to confirm it in a letter dated May 1253. Later, he repeated his request in October.^[53] Finally, the election of Benedict was confirmed by Pope Innocent on 25 February 1254.^[54] Benedict was advised, however, that during his Administratorship, he should not give away pensions or prebends without the express permission of the Holy See.^[55] As compensation, Stephen Báncsa was granted annual 300 silver denari from the archdiocese's income. Thus Báncsa was forced to return to Rome. He was already one of the signatories of a papal privilege document in May 1254, reflecting his retirement from the internal affairs of Hungary.^[47]

Role in the Roman Curia

Similar to his colleagues, Stephen Báncsa also had a household, called

Báncsa was present in the Roman Curia at Anagni and subscribed papal documents under Innocent IV, on 25 February 1253, 13 April 1253, 31 May 1253, 28 May 1254, 4 July 1254 and 22 July 1254.

papal election of 11–12 December 1254 (that elected Raynaldus de' Conti as Alexander IV).^[61] During the election process, there was a dispute among the cardinals regarding the political orientation of the papacy. Three of them, Hugh of Saint-Cher, Guglielmo Fieschi and Ottobuono de' Fieschi supported the maintenance of the late Innocent's active foreign policy in the Holy Roman Empire and the Italian Peninsula (especially against Conradin), while John of Toledo, Ottaviano degli Ubaldini, Rinaldo di Jenne (the elected Pope Alexander IV) and Gil Torres opposed it. Alongside Jacobus de Porta, Riccardo Annibaldi and Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (future Pope Nicholas III), Stephen Báncsa represented a neutral stance.^[62] Báncsa subscribed regularly throughout the reign of Alexander IV as a member of the Pope's closest group of advisors. During his time in Naples, Cardinal Báncsa served as papal Auditor in the case of Bishop Ponce of Urgel; on 15 December 1254, he confirmed the sentence against Ponce for simony, incest, and other charges, and suspended Ponce; the sentence was confirmed by Alexander IV on 7 January 1255.^[63] In the same year, Báncsa was a member of that papal committee, which investigated the work of Franciscan friar Gerardo of Borgo San Donnino, who, in 1250, published his book entitled Introductorium in Evangelium Aeternum, which represented Joachimite idea. The commission ordered the destruction of the book.^[52]

The Curia remained at Naples until the first week of June 1255, and then returned to Anagni.

Bishop of Würzburg and Heinrich of Leiningen, Bishop of Speyer, when the latter contested Iring's legitimacy and claimed the bishopric for himself. However, Báncsa was not successful, as his trial delayed, thus Pope Alexander took the case from him and entrusted three other cardinals to make a judgment.^[65] The Curia did not take up residence in Rome until mid-November, there to remain until 1 June 1256, when they returned to Anagni.^[64] Throughout his activity, Báncsa remained passive in the political and seculars affairs which connected Rome to the Holy Roman Empire and the other kingdoms. Instead, he was involved in internal ecclesiastical and canon law cases, but he appeared as only signatory in the majority of the documents, where he was mentioned.^[59]

On 3 July 1260, at Anagni, he and seven other cardinals signed a Decree for Alexander IV, regulating the Greek and Latin dioceses on the island of Cyprus.^[66] On 1 April 1261 Cardinal Báncsa, along with Cardinals Odo of Châteauroux, John of Toledo, Hugh of Saint-Cher, and Ottobono Fieschi, signed a constitution of Alexander IV in favor of the convent of Val-de-Grace in the diocese of Konstanz.^[67] The document was signed at the Lateran Palace in Rome.

Báncsa did not attend the

papal election of 26 May – 29 August 1261 (Urban IV),^[68] according to Salvador Miranda.^[69] He was present, however, according to Wilhelm Sievert.^[70] According to Gergely Kiss too, Báncsa was among the eight cardinal electors, who participated in the event.^[71] On 23 January 1262, at Viterbo, less than five months after the Election, Cardinal Báncsa participated with eleven other (including newly appointed) cardinals in signing a Bull to the benefit of the Teutonic Knights.^[72] The evidence, tentative as it is, tends to favor Sievert. According to Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Báncsa served as cardinal protector of the Franciscans from 1261 to 1265, which office was retained by the popes for themselves before that. Accordingly, Báncsa also represented the interests of the Poor Clares, the female wing of the Franciscan Order in the Roman Curia.^[73] In contrast, Kiss pointed out that there is no contemporary report that Báncsa had ever held that office. As Philippus de Perusio's Epistola de cardinalibus protectoribus ordinis fratrum Minorum narrates that, in fact, Giovanni Gaetano Orsini was appointed protector of the Franciscan Order in 1263.^[74] At this time, the Clarisses requested Pope Urban to nominee a separate protector for them. Báncsa briefly took this position and sought to restore the Franciscans's supervision over the nuns. Then Orsini reunited the two offices.^[75] In July 1263, Báncsa negotiated in "Alamannia" (i.e. Germany) on behalf of Pope Urban IV, presumably in ambassadorial (legate) capacity. In the following month in Hungary, Báncsa and his chaplain Velasco aimed to create a compromise between Béla and his rebellious son Duke Stephen.^[62]

Nevertheless, Báncsa's relationship with the Hungarian monarch remained tense. In early 1263, the

junior king in 1262 and ruled the eastern parts of the kingdom de facto independently.^[76]

Cardinal Báncsa was present for the

Konstanz, Regensburg and Prague were returned to them,^[80] while other churches of the Williamites in Germany and Hungary remained under Augustinian supremacy.^[73]

Báncsa was working in Viterbo in the Curia in 1268. On 28 March 1268 he is attested as having judged a case in favor of the Lateran Basilica.

November 1268 – 1 September 1271,^[82] the longest papal election in history, during which he died, purportedly on 9 July 1270.^[83][69] In the Spring of 1270, Cardinal Báncsa, Cardinal Ottobono Fieschi, and other prelates wrote to the General Chapter of the Order of Preachers, which was meeting in Milan, thanking them for their services to the Church.^[84] Due to his advanced age, Báncsa gradually retired from papal governance and public life after 1268, staying away from the political intrigues in the conclave.^[85]

Death

Based on a record in the last pages of a manuscript of his own, a copy of Peter Lombard's Libri Quattuor Sententiarum, preserved by the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Stephen Báncsa was feverish and fell ill in the first day of July 1270. He made his last will and testament on 5 July 1270. Báncsa died four days later, on 9 July 1270. The annals of the Santo Spirito in Sassia incorrectly dated his death to 10 July. The 1271 general assembly of the Dominicans in Montpellier also commemorated his death. In his last testament, Báncsa donated his liturgical garments, objects and codices to churches and individuals. The two executioners of his last will were canonist Henry of Segusio and Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (elected Pope Nicholas III in 1277), which reflected his social appreciation in the Curia. He was buried in the basilica of Santa Balbina in Rome (today it is the titular church of Hungarian cardinal Péter Erdő).^[86]

This date of death is according to the sources consulted (as cited by Salvador Miranda).^[83] However, J. P. Adams quotes a document from the Vatican Archives that shows that Cardinal Stephen subscribed a letter dated 22 August 1270, and therefore could not have died on 9 July. He did not participate, however, in the election of the compromise committee or the final vote on 1 September 1271, thus Adams argues that if he died on 9 July, then it was in 1271.^[87]

In arts

19th-century French art historian Fernand de Mély proposed in his study Le cardinal Étienne de Vancza, archevêque de Strigonie. Son portrait à la cathedrale de Chartres (1889), that one of the stained glass windows of the Notre-Dame du Pilier chapel in the Chartres Cathedral, which presents scenes from the life of Saint Nicholas, depicts the prayer Stephen Báncsa as donator of the window with the following subscript: STEPH[ANUS] CARDINALIS DEDIT [H]A[N]C VITREA[M].^[88] The Hungarian historiography took over Mély's theory, which based on a fact that Báncsa and Villard de Honnecourt knew each other. However, Yves Delaporte proved in 1926 (Les vitraux de la cathédrale de Chartres) that the portrayal, actually, depicts Étienne Chardonnel, canon of Paris and the presumable donator of that window.^[89]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Varga 2003, p. 106.
2. ^ ^{a b} Engel: Genealógia (Genus Báncsa)
3. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 27.
4. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 164.
5. ^ Orbász I had a brother Benedict I (or Beke), their father is unidentified, thus they are the earliest known members of the kindred. Benedict had three children, Lampert (fl. 1255), Denis (fl. 1256–79) and an unidentified daughter (her son was Farkas, mentioned in 1279). Denis had a son Benedict II (fl. 1279–83).
6. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 13.
7. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 149.
8. Bishop of Zagreb in 1263, but was refused confirmation by Pope Urban IV
   because he was under the minimum age for a bishop.
9. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 15.
10. ^ Vittore Branca, Venezia e Ungheria nel Rinascimento (Florence: Leo S. Olschki 1973), p. 228.
11. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 17.
12. ^ Bácsatyai 2018, p. 316.
13. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 108.
14. ISBN 0-415-92228-3
    . p. 468
15. ^ ^{a b} Kiss 2015, p. 19.
16. György Fejér's mistranslation from Latin, first revealed by János Karácsonyi. In addition to the works of Nándor Knauz, László Fejérpataky and Imre Szentpétery, that mistake was also taken over by Attila Zsoldos' archontological data. The 1238 charter was transcribed by King Louis I
    on 1 March 1377.
17. ^ Almási & Koszta 1991, p. 9.
18. ^ ^{a b} Kiss 2015, p. 20.
19. ^ ^{a b c} Zsoldos 2011, p. 81.
20. ^ ^{a b} Kiss 2015, p. 22.
21. ^ Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi I editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 511. Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa I. parte 2 (Roma 1792), p. 285.
22. ^ ^{a b} Zsoldos 2011, p. 96.
23. ^ ^{a b c d} Almási & Koszta 1991, p. 10.
24. ^ ^{a b c d} Varga 2003, p. 107.
25. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 23.
26. ^ It is possible that Báncsa became a postulated archbishop in the same time, when Benedict elevated to the position of Archbishop-elect of Kalocsa (first referred by Béla IV on 18 March 1242). Báncsa appears as archbishop-elect in contemporary documents until 26 November 1242.
27. ^ Augustino Theiner (editor), Vetera monumenta historica Hungariam sacram illustrantia Tomus primus (Romae 1859), p. 186, no. CCXLIII. Potthast, no. 11081.
28. ^ Theiner, p. 187, no. CCXLVII.
29. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 31.
30. ^ ^{a b} Kiss 2015, p. 25.
31. ^ ^{a b} Kiss 2015, p. 26.
32. ^ Varga 2003, p. 108.
33. ^ ^{a b} Kiss 2015, pp. 26–27.
34. ^ Varga 2003, p. 110.
35. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 28.
36. ^ For instance, he initiated the resettlement of the Ercsi monastery in 1252, after he took away it from the Carthusians and handed over to the Cistercians.
37. ^ Kis 2000, p. 227.
38. ^ Kis 2000, p. 228.
39. ^ ^{a b} Kis 2000, p. 231.
40. ^ Kis 2000, p. 229.
41. ^ Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi I editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 7.
42. ^ Howorth, Henry Hoyle. 1876. History of the Mongols: From the 9th to the 19th Century. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 151.
43. ^ Almási & Koszta 1991, p. 11.
44. ^ Kiss 2015, pp. 39–40.
45. ^ Almási & Koszta 1991, p. 12.
46. ^ Augustino Theiner (editor), Vetera monumenta historica Hungariam sacram illustrantia Tomus primus (Romae 1859), p. 214-215, no. CCCCIV (30 December 1252). Potthast, no. 14816-14818.
47. ^ ^{a b} Varga 2003, p. 111.
48. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 42.
49. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 57.
50. ^ "...metuens postmodum aeris intemperiem inexperti, et nonnulla impedimenta, multasque necessitates exponens, propter quae tuae non expediebat personae in Italicis partibus commorari...." This should not be taken to mean that the climate of Rome disagreed with Cardinal Báncsa; the Papal Court had been living at Perugia or Anagni since 5 November 1251.
51. ^ F. Ughelli, Italia Sacra I (Venice 1716), pp. 209-210. Potthast, no. 15010. E. Berger (editor), Les registres d' Innocent IV tome III (Paris 1897), p. 273, nos. 6800-6801.
52. ^ ^{a b} Almási & Koszta 1991, p. 14.
53. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 43.
54. ^ Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi edition altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 464. Cf. Miranda, Salvador. 1997. "13th Century (1198-1303)."
55. ^ Augustino Theiner (editor), Vetera monumenta historica Hungariam sacram illustrantia Tomus primus (Romae 1859), p. 218, no. CCCCXIII (Perugia, 15 February 1253). Potthast, no. 14885.
56. ^ ^{a b} Kiss 2017, p. 65.
57. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 92.
58. ^ Kiss 2017, p. 66.
59. ^ ^{a b} Almási & Koszta 1991, p. 15.
60. ^ August Potthast, Regesta pontificum Romanorum II (Berlin 1875), p. 1284.
61. ^ Sede Vacante of 1254 and Election (Dr. J. P. Adams)
62. ^ ^{a b} Kiss 2015, p. 58.
63. ^ Registres d' Alexandre IV Tome I, p. 24, no 93. Potthast, no. 15621. J. Sbaralea (editor), Bullarium Franciscanum II (Rome 1761), p. 7. Peter Linehan, The Spanish Church and the Papacy in the Thirteenth Century (Cambridge: CUP 1971), pp. 87-88.
64. ^ ^{a b} Potthast, p. 1472, p. 1309.
65. ^ Kiss 2015, pp. 50–51.
66. ^ Potthast, no. 17910. Johann Paul Reinhard, Vollstandiges Geschichte des Konigreichs Cypern I (Erlangen and Leipzig: Wolfgang Walther 1766), Beihang, p. 60.
67. ^ T. Ripoll (editor), Bullarium Ordinis FF Praedicatorum Tomus primus (Rome 1729), no. 298, pp. 408-409.
68. ^ Sede Vacante of 1261 and Election (Dr. J. P. Adams)
69. ^ ^{a b} Miranda, Salvador. 1997. "Papal elections and conclaves of the 13th Century (1216–1294)."
70. ^ Wilhelm Sievert, "Das Vorleben des Papstes Urban IV.," Römische Quartalschrift 10 (1896), 451-505; 12 (1898) 127-151, at p. 147, states that Stephen of Palestrina was one of the eight cardinals who were present.
71. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 59.
72. ^ Ernestus Strehlke, Tabula Ordinis Theutonici (Berlin 1869), p. 412, no. 623. Potthast, no. 18221.
73. ^ ^{a b} Almási & Koszta 1991, pp. 14–15.
74. ^ Pope Urban IV initially intended to appoint his nephew, Anchero Pantaléone as cardinal protector of the Franciscans, but that effort was refused by the order.
75. ^ Kiss 2015, pp. 62–63.
76. ^ ^{a b c d} Almási & Koszta 1991, p. 16.
77. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 103.
78. ^ Sede Vacante of 1264–1265 and Election (Dr. J. P. Adams)
79. ^ Potthast, no. 19037. A. Tomassetti (editor), Bullarum, Diplomatum et Privilegiorum Taurinensis editio Tomus III (Turin 1858), p. 722-726.
80. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 64.
81. ^ Vincenzo Forcella, Catalogo dei manoscritti relativi alla storia di Roma I (Roma 1879), p. 171, no. 537 (Vat. Lat. 8034).
82. ^ Sede Vacante of 1268–1271 and Election (Dr. J. P. Adams)
83. ^ ^{a b} , but compare further, Alfonso Chacon (edited by A. Olduin), Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum II (Romae 1677), p. 131: "e vivis sublatus est sedente Clemente IV anno videlicet a partu Virginis 1266." Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie de' cardinali della chiesa romana santa I. 2 (Roma 1792), p. 286: "Se non che in un necrologio del decimoterzo secolo esistente nella Biblioteca di S. Spirito in Saxia si trova segnata la morte del Cardinale Strigoneinse nel di 10. Luglio del 1266, con che pare, che rimanga decisa qualunque questione." Michael Szvorényi, Purpura Pannonica (Eger 1811), p. 5: "...cum ob intemperiem aeris Italiae, rediisset in Hungariam, reperit successorem Benedictum; tandem 1266, et juxta alios 1269, vita functus." Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica Volume 88 (Venezia 1858), p. 88: " ...e nel pontificato di quest' ultimo cambio il temporale coll'eterno nella sua morte, accadotagli in età decrepita nel 1266, non si sa se in Italia o in Ungheria. Timon, forse con più di ragione, fisse la sua morte al 1269, ad onta che il Necrologio del secolo XIII esistente nella biblioteca di s. Spirito in Saxia di Roma, registry la morte del cardinal Strigoniense a' 10 luglio 1266. P. Egidi, who edited that Necrology, does not vouch for the date of 1266, but does indicate that the date of July 10 is the date given in the manuscript: P. Egidi, Necrologi e libri affini della Provincia Romana (Roma 1908), p. 140; at p. 110 n. 2 he makes the year 1268.
84. ^ Heinrich Finke, Ungedruckte Dominikanerbriefe des 13. Jahrhunderts (Paderborn 1891), p. 75 no. 38.
85. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 103.
86. ^ Kiss 2015, pp. 103–106.
87. ^ Sede Vacante 1268-71
88. ^ Almási & Koszta 1991, p. 17.
89. ^ Kiss 2015, p. 106.

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• Kiss, Gergely (2017). "Cardinal's familia as a Network in the 13th Century. A Case Study of Cardinal Stephen Báncsa's Family in the Mid-thirteenth Century". Specimina Nova Pars Prima. Sectio Mediaevalis IX. University of Pécs. pp. 59–75.
• Kiss, Gergely (2019a). "Báncsa nb. István prenestei püspök-bíboros mint protector ordinis [Cardinal-Bishop Stephen Báncsa of Praeneste as Protector Ordinis]". In Fedeles, Tamás; Hunyadi, Zsolt (eds.). Szent Márton és Benedek nyomában. Tanulmányok Koszta László tiszteletére (in Hungarian). FIKP "Magyarország a középkori Európában" kutatócsoport. pp. 266–278.
  ISBN 978-963-306-709-3
  .
• Kiss, Gergely (2019b). "Családi kör? A bíborosi família kutatásának módszertani kérdései az első magyar bíboros, Báncsa István példáján keresztül [Family Circle? Methodological Issues of the Research of the Cardinal's Familia through the Example of the First Hungarian Cardinal, Stephen Báncsa]". In Lengvári, István; Pilkhoffer, Mónika; Vonyó, József (eds.). Az ember helye – a hely embere. Emberközpontú történetírás ‒ helytörténeti kutatás (in Hungarian).
  ISBN 978-615-6048-41-7
  .
• Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia] (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó.
  ISBN 963-208-970-7
  .
• Varga, Lajos (2003). "Báncsa nembeli I. István [Stephen I from the kindred Báncsa]". In Beke, Margit (ed.). Esztergomi érsekek 1001–2003 [Archbishops of Esztergom 1001–2003] (in Hungarian). Szent István Társulat. pp. 106–111.
  ISBN 963-361-472-4
  .
• Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete.
  ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3
  .

Stephen I Genus Báncsa Born: c. 1205  Died: 9 July 1270
Political offices
Preceded by Matthias Rátót	Chancellor 1238–1240	Succeeded by Benedict
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Matthias Rátót	Bishop of Vác 1240/1–1243	Succeeded by Heimo
	Archbishop of Esztergom 1242–1252	Succeeded by Benedict
Preceded by Giacomo Pecoraria	Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina 1251–1270	Succeeded by Vicedomino de Vicedominis