Social statistics
Social statistics is the use of statistical measurement systems to study human behavior in a social environment. This can be accomplished through polling a group of people, evaluating a subset of data obtained about a group of people, or by observation and statistical analysis of a set of data that relates to people and their behaviors.
Statistics in the social sciences
History
A numerical calibration for the fertility curve was given by Karl Pearson in 1897 in his "The Chances of Death, and Other Studies in Evolution"[4] In this book Pearson also uses standard deviation, correlation and skewness for studying humans.
- wages and national output [7]
- The wages and unemployment[8]
Statistics and statistical analyses have become a key feature of social science: statistics is employed in economics, psychology, political science, sociology and anthropology.
Statistical methods in social sciences
Methods and concepts used in quantitative social sciences include:[9]
Statistical techniques include:[9]
Covariance based methods
- Regression analysis
- Canonical correlation
- Causal analysis
- Multilevel models
- Factor analysis
- Linear discriminant analysis
- Path analysis
- Structural Equation Modeling
Probability based methods
Distance based methods
Methods for categorical data
- Classification analysis
- Cohort analysis
Usage and applications
Social scientists use social statistics for many purposes, including:
- the evaluation of the quality of services available to a group or organization,
- analyzing behaviors of groups of people in their environment and special situations,
- determining the wants of people through statistical sampling
- evaluation of wage expenditures and savings[10]
- preventing industrial diseases[10]
- prevention of industrial accidents[10]
- Anthracite Coal Strike Commission of 1902-1903[11]
- supporting governments in times of peace and war[12]
Reliability
The use of statistics has become so widespread in the social sciences that many universities such as
Further reading
- Blalock, H.M. Jr, ed. (1974), Measurement in the Social Sciences, Chicago, Illinois: Aldine Publishing, ISBN 0-202-30272-5, retrieved 10 July 2010
- S. Kolenikov, D. Steinley, L. Thombs (2010), Statistics in the Social Sciences: Current Methodological Developments, Wiley
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Blalock, Hubert M (1979), Social Statistics, New York: McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-005752-4
- Irvine, John, Miles, Ian, Evans, Jeff, (editors), "Demystifying Social Statistics ", London : Pluto Press, 1979. ISBN 0-86104-069-4
- Miller, Delbert C., & Salkind, Neil J (2002), Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement, California: Sage, ISBN 0-7619-2046-3, retrieved 10 July 2010)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Dietz, Thomas, & Kalof, Linda (2009), Introduction to Social Statistics, California: Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 9781405169028)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
References
- ^ A. Quetelet, Physique Sociale, https://archive.org/details/physiquesociale00quetgoog
- JSTOR 2979201.
- JSTOR 2956650.
- ^ K. Pearson, The Chances of Death, and Other Studies in Evolution, 1897 https://archive.org/details/chancesdeathand00peargoog
- ^ V. Pareto, Cours d'Économie Politique, vol. II, 1897
- JSTOR 2086306.
- ^ A. Bowley, Wages and income in the United kingdom since 1860, 1937
- ^ W. Phillips, The Relation Between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861–1957, published 1958
- ^ ISBN 0-7619-2046-3)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ JSTOR 2276101.
- ^ Willcox, Walter (1908). "The Need of Social Statistics as an Aid to the Courts". Publications of the American Statistical Association. 13 (82).
- JSTOR 2965000.
- ^ Pearl, Judea 2001, Bayesianism and Causality, or, Why I am only a Half-Bayesian, Foundations of Bayesianism, Kluwer Applied Logic Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol 24, D. Cornfield and J. Williamson (Eds.) 19-36.
- ^ J. Pearl, Bayesianism and causality, or, why I am only a half-bayesian http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r284-reprint.pdf
External links
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (November 2015) |
- Statistics at Curlie
- Social science statistics centers
- Center for Statistics and Social Sciences, University of Washington
- Center for the Promotion of Research Involving Innovative Statistical Methodology, New York University, NY
- Centre for Research Methods, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research
- Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science
- Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research
- National Centre for Research Methods, UK
- Social Statistics Department, University of Manchester
- Social Statistics Division, School of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- Statistical databases for social science