Southern black tit
Southern black tit | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Paridae |
Genus: | Melaniparus |
Species: | M. niger
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Binomial name | |
Melaniparus niger (Vieillot, 1818)
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resident range | |
Synonyms | |
Parus niger |
The southern black tit or simply black tit (Melaniparus niger) is a species of
Subspecies
Three subspecies are recognized:[2][3]
- Melaniparus niger niger – southernmost Mozambique to Eswatini, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape
- Melaniparus niger xanthostomus – southern Angola to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, northwestern Zimbabwe, southern Zambia and southern Tanzania
- Melaniparus niger ravidus – eastern Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, eastern Botswana and northern South Africa
Range and habitat
It occurs chiefly in tropical and subtropical savanna woodland, in a semicircular arc from Angola to the Eastern Cape, South Africa.[4] It prefers woodland dominated by broad-leaved trees, most importantly miombo, Combretum species, and Burkea africana.[5] It is especially common in the woodlands of western Zimbabwe, where densities can reach as high as fifty birds per square kilometre.[5]
Description
The southern black tit, unlike parids of the Northern Hemisphere or other local species, is almost entirely monotone in colour and sexually somewhat dimorphic,[6] with the female being greyish and the male very distinctly blue-black in colour. It can be distinguished from the white-winged tit and Carp's tit by having no white rim in its tail[7] and is around 16 centimetres (6 in) in total length including the tail.[6]
Food
Like all tits, it feeds chiefly on insects, and is a voracious consumer of wasps in its favoured habitat; however, it has unusually for a parid been known to take nectar and fruiting figs.[5]
Breeding
Breeding occurs during the summer wet season, but its initiation is very varied and the number of broods reared depends on the consistency of rainfall. The breeding system of the southern black tit has been intensively studied and is often regarded
Longevity
Although the species has been recovered from ringing on only a few occasions and data about survival and longevity are thus useless,[11] it is practically certain that the adult mortality rate is much lower than the 70 to 75 percent mortality of closely related parids in Europe and North America.[12]
Taxonomy
The southern black tit was formerly one of the many species in the genus
Gallery
References
- . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-920602-00-0.
- ^ Lepage, Denis. "Black Tit Melaniparus niger (Vieillot, 1818)". Avibase - The World Bird Database. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ^ Simulated distribution map for Parus niger
- ^ a b c Parus niger (Southern Black Tit)
- ^ ISBN 1868727351
- ISBN 1408134586
- ^ ISBN 0877451508
- .
- ISBN 9780620175838
- ^ Southern Black Tit[permanent dead link]
- .
- PMID 23831453.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits". World Bird List Version 6.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
External links
- Southern Black Tit - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.