Liberland: Difference between revisions
Undo Reverted |
Undo Reverted |
||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=May 2020}} |
{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=May 2020}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} |
||
{{Infobox country |
|||
| micronation = yes |
|||
| conventional_long_name = Free Republic of Liberland |
|||
| common_name = Liberland |
|||
| image_flag = Flag of Liberland.svg |
|||
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Liberland.svg |
|||
| national_motto = "To Live and Let Live" |
|||
| national_anthem = |
|||
| other_symbol_type = |
|||
| other_symbol = |
|||
| image_map = Location of Liberland within Europe.svg |
|||
| alt_map = Location of the land claimed by Liberland |
|||
| map_caption = Location of the land claimed by Liberland |
|||
| status = Unrecognized [[micronation]] |
|||
| demonym = Liberlander |
|||
| government_type = |
|||
| leader_title1 = President |
|||
| leader_name1 = [[Vít Jedlička]] (founder) |
|||
| leader_title2 = |
|||
| leader_name2 = |
|||
| established_event1 = Proclamation |
|||
| established_date1 = {{Start date|2015|04|13|df=y}} |
|||
| area_km2 = 7 |
|||
| population_estimate = 0 |
|||
| currency = Liberland merit ''(cryptocurrency)''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zpravy.aktualne.cz/ekonomika/jedlickuv-liberland-ma-novou-menu-i-prvni-firmu-v-rejstriku/r~81814366e44b11e58a2b0025900fea04/|title=Jedličkův Liberland má novou měnu i první firmu v rejstříku, občanství chce 87 tisíc lidí|website=Aktuálně.cz|date=7 March 2016|access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref> |
|||
| calling_code = |
|||
| official_website = {{URL|https://liberland.org/}} |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=May 2020}} |
{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=May 2020}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} |
Revision as of 12:34, 14 March 2024
Liberland, also known as the Free Republic of Liberland, is an unrecognised
The official website of Liberland states that the nation was created in the wake of the ongoing Croatia–Serbia border dispute.[3][4][5] According to Jedlička, this dispute resulted in a plot of land west of the Danube being unclaimed by either side.[1][4]
The parcel of land in question is 7 km2 (2.7 sq mi) in area, roughly the same size as Gibraltar. It has been administered by Croatia since the Croatian War of Independence.[6] Liberland has no diplomatic recognition from any recognized nation.[7] The land lacks infrastructure and lies on the floodplain of the Danube.[8][9]
Croatia has frequently blocked off access to the Gornja Siga territory since 2015. As a result, a number of people, including Vít Jedlička, have been arrested for trying to enter the claimed land.[10]
Location
The dispute regarding the border along the
Jedlička says that the land he has claimed, known as Gornja Siga (meaning 'upper tufa') was not claimed by either side.[1][4]
The area is about 700 hectares (1,700 acres)—about the size of Gibraltar—and most of it is covered in forest with no residents. A journalist from the Czech newspaper Parlamentní listy , who visited the area in April 2015, found a house that had been abandoned for about thirty years, according to people living in the vicinity. The access road was reported to be in a bad condition.[11]
The
History
Proclamation
Jedlička is a member of the Czech
Proposed Governance
The founders claim to have been inspired by countries like Monaco and Liechtenstein.[12] On 18 December 2015, Jedlička held an event at which he presented the first provisional government of Liberland and its ministers of finance, foreign affairs, interior and justice as well as two vice presidents.[13]
Access
Croatian authorities have frequently blocked access to the area since the beginning of May 2015.[14][15]
In May 2015, Vít Jedlička and his translator Sven Sambunjak were briefly detained by Croatian police after making an attempt to cross the border. Jedlička spent one night in detention and then was convicted and ordered to pay a fine for illegal crossing of the Croatian border[16] but appealed the verdict. He claimed that there were at least three Liberland citizens inside the area, who came from Switzerland.[17][18][19][20] Later that month, Vít Jedlička was detained again.[21] Initially, reporters were able to enter the area with Jedlička[11] but subsequently they were also denied entry, including journalists from the Serbian public broadcast service Radio Television of Vojvodina,[22] and from the Bosnian newspaper Dnevni avaz.[23]
The detained were from various countries, including the Republic of Ireland, Germany, Denmark, and the United States.[15] Croatian police have continued detaining people, including those that entered the area by boat (via an international waterway).[24][25][26] One of them, Danish activist Ulrik Grøssel Haagensen, was placed in house arrest for 5 days before being sentenced to 15 days of prison, triggering some protests in Denmark.[27][28]
In May 2016, several appeals court decisions from Croatia were published. The court upheld that the crossings from Croatia were illegal, but found the convictions for crossings from Serbia improper. The court said that the lower court committed "a fundamental breach of misdemeanour proceedings" and "essential procedural violations". It further ruled that "the facts were incorrectly and incompletely established [by the prosecutor] which could lead to misapplication of substantive law". A retrial was ordered in 6 of the 7 appeals. The lower court is required to determine the location of the border and the border crossing.[29][needs update]
In April 2023,
During August 2023, Liberland movement supporters and journalists managed to obtain unofficial access to the land parcel.
Public reactions
Journalists have been uncertain as to how serious Jedlička is about his claims, with some calling it a publicity stunt.[36][37]
On 20 May 2015,
Goran Vojković, professor of law and columnist from the Croatian news portal Index.hr, described Liberland as a "circus which threatens Croatian territory", and argued that there was a risk that Croatia's claim to control land on the other side of the Danube may be weakened by the attention that the Liberland project has drawn to the border dispute.[39]
In 2016, an article in Stratfor summarized the initiative as follows: "Liberland is a curious case because, in principle, none of the actors that could claim control over it seems interested in doing so. But this will probably remain a curiosity with negligible consequences at the international level. For the rest of the world's disputed territories, violence and diplomacy will remain the main tools to claim ownership."[40]
Legal analysis and recognition
Both Croatia and Serbia have dismissed Jedlička's claims as frivolous.[41] While the Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs considered the affair to be a trivial matter, it affirmed that Liberland did not infringe upon its soveiregnity.[41] In contrast, Croatia, which currently administers the land in question, has found the idea "provocative" and suggested bringing it to a stop even if by force; rejecting the idea that the land is terra nullius, it has stated that after international arbitration, the land should be awarded to Croatia or Serbia, not to a third party.[42][43] The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs has also disassociated itself from the activities of Jedlička, finding them inappropriate, illegal, and potentially harmful, and has asked him to respect local law.[44][45] Legal experts in both Serbia and Croatia have asserted that, under international law, Jedlička lacks the right to claim the area.[14][46][47]
There has been no diplomatic recognition of Liberland by any member nation-state of the
See also
- Night-watchman state
- Politics of Croatia
- List of micronations
- Micronation flags
References
- ^ a b c Nolan, Daniel (25 April 2015). "Welcome to Liberland: Europe's Newest State". Vice News. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ^ "Balkans: Czech man claims to establish 'new state'". BBC News. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d Martínek, Jan (15 April 2015). "Člen Svobodných vyhlásil na území bývalé Jugoslávie vlastní stát". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Právo. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- TASR. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ISBN 9781897643419.
- ^ ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ Palmeri, Tara (2 September 2016). "Looking for Liberland". Politico.
- ^ "Liberland, medijska bomba koja zabavlja stanovnike 'države'". Al Jazeera Balkans. 23 April 2015.
- ^ Gajic, Iva; Heil, Andy (25 July 2022). "Wedged Away In The Balkans, Would-Be Microstate 'Liberland' Keeps Up Its Fight For Recognition". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ a b Panenka, Radim (20 April 2015). "Navštívili jsme nový stát Liberland, který v Evropě založil Čech Vít Jedlička. Podívejte se, jak to tam vypadá". Parlamentní Listy (in Czech). Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ a b "Čeh proglasio državu između Srbije i Hrvatske" (in Serbian). B92. BETA. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ "(EXCLUSIVE) President Vít Jedlička of Free Republic of Liberland has presented first members of government". Telegraf.rs (in Serbian). 20 December 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Police in the Balkans block inauguration of Europe's new "mini-state"". Associated Press. 9 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ a b Ristić, Borislav (11 May 2015). "Putovanje u Liberland zasad stoji 2400 kuna – tolika je kazna za ilegalni prijelaz granice" (in Croatian). Večernji List. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ Getto, Ivica (11 May 2015). "Osnivač Liberlanda kažnjen s 2400 kuna za ilegalni prelazak hrvatske granice" (in Croatian). Glas Slavonije. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- ^ Wirnitzer, Jan (11 May 2015). "Jedličkova bitva u Moháče. Všichni nám tu fandí, říká tvůrce Liberlandu" (in Czech). iDnes. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ^ Ristić, Borislav (9 May 2015). "Vid Jedlička uhićen nakon ulaska na teritorij Liberlanda" (in Croatian). Večernji List. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ^ Třeček, Čeněk; Sedlářová, Barbora (10 May 2015). "Chorvatsko zatklo "prezidenta" Liberlandu. Bylo to přátelské, tvrdí Čech" (in Czech). iDnes. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ^ Hayden, Sally (11 May 2015). "President of Liberland Arrested for Trespassing into His Own Self-Declared Country". Vice News. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- ^ "Croatia: Liberland's president arrested again". inSerbia. 17 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ^ Spasojević, Vesna (17 April 2015). "Liberlend, zemlja koje – nema" (in Serbian). Radio Televizija Vojvodine. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
- ^ Trako, Evelin (26 April 2015). "Potraga Za Liberlandom Reporteri "Avaza" na ničijoj zemlji između Srbije i Hrvatske" (in Bosnian). Dnevni Avaz. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Igrali odbojku na 'plaži u Liberlandu' pa ih uhitila hrvatska policija". Vecernji.hr. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ Bradarić, Branimir (20 June 2015). "Liberland optužuje Hrvatsku za invaziju" (in Croatian). Večernji List. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Hayden, Sally (19 June 2015). "Liberland Accuses Croatia of Invasion and Releases Video of 'Citizen' Abduction". Vice. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Fax: 33141000, Rådhuspladsen 37 1785 København V. Telefon: 33111313 (23 June 2015). "Dansk mand anholdt efter indtrængen i 'Ingenmandsland'". ekstrabladet.dk.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Hvorfor sidder danske Ulrik i et mørkt fangehul på Balkan?". Folkets.
- ^ "Important Step to Statehood? Croatia Appeals Court Rules in Favour of Liberland". Total-croatia-news.com. 3 May 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- Jutarnji List. 31 July 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Pokušao da uđe u "zabranjenu zemlju": Hrvatska policija pretukla Jutjubera VIDEO". B92. 31 July 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Beljan, Mateja (20 August 2023). "Ekipa Telegrafa uplovila u Liberland s pečatom nove "države": Od avanture u džungli do ozbiljne svetske priče". Telegraf.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ Devčić, Matej (23 August 2023). "Telegram je prvi ušao u Liberland. Ovi ljudi ne odustaju: 'Doselit ćemo u našu državu između Hrvatske i Srbije'". Telegram.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ "Hrvatska policija upala u Liberland: 'Napad bez upozorenja, uzeli su nam stvari'". Dnevno.hr (in Croatian). 24 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ a b "VIDEO Troje uhićenih uz primjenu sile u Liberlandu: "Samo želim da mi pokažete identifikaciju"". Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ Simone, Alina (29 June 2015). "On the Danube, the world's newest micro-nation. But Liberland has a problem". Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "Man forms own European country and more than 160,000 people want citzenship [sic] – trouble is, you can't get in". 11 May 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "Petr Mach | ParlamentniListy.cz". Parlamentnilisty.cz. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ Vojković, Goran (12 May 2015). "Liberland je Srbija!" (in Croatian). index.hr. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ^ a b "Introducing Liberland, Europe's Newest Country". stratfor.com. Stratfor. 25 September 2016. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ^ a b McKirdy, Euan (25 April 2015). "Liberland: Could the world's newest micronation get off the ground?". CNN. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- ^ "Mađarska – MVEP • On Virtual Narratives at Croatia's Borders". hu.mvep.hr. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
- ^ Republic of Croatia Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Minister Dr. Miro Kovač Class: 212-03/15-01/1, NO: 521 – V- 02/16-9, Zagreb, 12 May 2016
- ^ "Prohlášení MZV ke kauze tzv. Liberlandu". Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 14 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ "Upozornění Velvyslanectví ČR k cestám do tzv. "Liberlandu"" (in Czech). Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ^ "Croatian police question Czech leader of wannabe country 'Liberland'". 10 May 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "Liberland's leader detained while trying to enter the country he just invented". 11 May 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ "Somaliland says it wants closer cooperation with unrecognised Liberland". BBC News. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
- ^ Romero, Luiz (13 November 2015). "Welcome to Liberland: Turns out, launching your own country is harder than it looks". Quartz. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ^ Jackson, Joe. "Creating a kingdom". Aljazeera.com. Retrieved 3 September 2021.