Conversion of units: Difference between revisions

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{{Mergefrom|Blood Glucose (mmol/L to mg/dL)|date=March 2007}}
'''Conversion of units''' refers to '''conversion factors''' between different [[units of measurement]] for the same [[quantity]].
'''Conversion of units''' refers to '''conversion factors''' between different [[units of measurement]] for the same [[quantity]].
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{{TOCright}}
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| ''T''[°F] = 1.8 × ''T''[°C] + 32
| ''T''[°F] = 1.8 × ''T''[°C] + 32
|}
|}

===Blood Glucose===
Conversion table of Blood Glucose (mmol/L to mg/dL)
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== Software tools ==
== Software tools ==

Revision as of 06:39, 24 March 2008

Conversion of units refers to conversion factors between different

units of measurement for the same quantity
.

Techniques

Dimensioned values

Carrying units through a mathematical operation is sometimes performed.

e.g. to convert 6 feet into metres. From below one foot is exactly 0.3048 metre. Thus:

6 ft × 0.3048 m/ft = 1.8288 m

This leaves only metres, the desired result.

This works because the numerator and denominator describe the same quantity, the factor is equivalent to the number 1. Therefore, multiplication by this factor does not change the measured quantity, only its units.

Rounding of results

The process of making a conversion cannot produce a more precise result than the original quoted figure. Appropriate rounding of results is normally performed after conversion. (See significant figures).

In the above example the 0.3048 metre per foot is precise by definition, but the precision of the answer is determined by the precision of the 6 ft figure and in many cases the result would need rounding perhaps to 1.8 m.

Tables of conversion factors

Legend

Legend
≡ definition
= exactly equal to
≈ approximately equal to
(digits) indicates the digits repeat infinitely

Length

Length
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
ångström
 Å ≡ 1×10−10 m = 0.1 nm
astronomical unit AU Mean distance from Earth to the Sun = 149 597 870.691 ± 0.030 km
atomic unit of length a0 ≡ Bohr radius of hydrogen ≈ 5.29 177 208 59×10−11 ± 3.6×10−20 m[1]
barley corn   ≡ ⅓ in = 8.46 mm
Bohr radius a0; b ≡
α/4πR∞
 ≈ 5.291 772 083×10−11 ± 19×10−20 m
cable length (Imperial)   ≡ 608 ft = 185.3184 m
cable length (International)   ≡ 1/10 nmi = 185.2 m
cable length (U.S.)   ≡ 720 ft = 219.456 m
calibre
 cal ≡ 1 in = 25.4 mm
chain (Gunter's; Surveyor's) ch ≡ 66.0 ft (4 rods) = 20.1168 m
chain (Ramsden's; Engineer's) ch ≡ 100 ft = 30.48 m
cubit   ≡ 18 in = 0.4572 m
ell ell ≡ 45 in = 1.143 m
fathom fm ≡ 6 ft = 1.8288 m
≈ 1/1000 nmi = 1.852 m
fermi fm ≡ 1×10−15 m = 1×10−15 m
finger   ≡ 7/8 in = 22.225 mm
finger (cloth)   ≡ 4 ½ in = 0.1143 m
foot
(Benoît)		 ft (Ben) ≈ 0.304 799 735 m
foot
(Clarke's; Cape)		 ft (Cla) ≈ 0.304 797 265 4 m
foot
(Indian)		 ft Ind ≈ 0.304 799 514 m
foot
(International)		 ft ≡ 12 inches = 1/3 yd = 0.3048 m
foot
(Sear's)		 ft (Sear) ≈ 0.304 799 47 m
foot
(U.S. Survey)		 ft (US) ≡ 1200/3937 m [2] ≈ 0.304 800 610 m
french; charriere F ≡ 1/3 mm = 3.3 ×10−4 m
furlong fur ≡ 10 chains = 660 ft =220 yd = 201.168 m
geographical mile mi ≡ 6082 ft = 1853.7936 m
hand   ≡ 4 in = 0.1016 m
inch in ≡ 1/36 yd = 1/12 ft = 0.0254 m
league lea ≡ 3 mi = 4828.032 m
light-day
   ≡ 24 light-hours = 2.590 206 837 12×1013 m
light-hour
   ≡ 60 light-minutes = 1.079 252 848 8×1012 m
light-minute
   ≡ 60 light-seconds = 1.798 754 748×1010 m
light-second
   ≡ 2.997 924 58×108 m
light-year
 l.y. ≡ c0 × 86 400 × 365.25 = 9.460 730 472 580 8×1015 m
line ln ≡ 1/12 in (Klein 1988, 63) ≈ 2.116 667 mm
link (Gunter's; Surveyor's) lnk ≡ 1/100 ch = 0.201 168 m
link (Ramsden's; Engineer's) lnk ≡ 1 ft = 0.3048 m
metre (SI base unit) m ≡ 1 m = 1 m
mickey   ≡ 1/200 in = 1.27×10−4 m
micron µ ≡ 1.000×10−6 m
mil
; thou		 mil ≡ 1.000×10−3 in = 2.54×10−5 m
mil
(Sweden and Norway)		 mil ≡ 10 km = 10000 m
mile mi ≡ 1760 yd = 5280 ft = 1609.344 m
mile (U.S. Survey) mi ≡ 5280 ft (US) = 5280 × 1200/3937 m ≈ 1609.347 219 m
nail (cloth)   ≡ 2 ¼ in = 57.15 mm
nautical league NL; nl ≡ 3 nmi = 5556 m
nautical mile NM; nmi ≡ 1852 m ≡ 1852 m
nautical mile (Admiralty) NM (Adm); nmi (Adm) ≡ 6080 ft = 1853.184 m
pace   ≡ 2.5 ft = 0.762 m
palm   ≡ 3 in = 76.2 mm
parsec pc = 3.08567782 ×1016 ± 6×106 m [3]
point (ATA) pt ≡ 0.013837 in = 0.351 459 8 mm
point (Didot; European) pt ≡ 0.376 065 mm
point (metric) pt ≡ 3/8 mm = 0.375 mm
point (PostScript) pt ≡ 1/72 in ≈ 0.352 778 mm
quarter   ≡ ¼ yd = 0.2286 m
rod; pole; perch rd ≡ 16 ½ ft = 5.0292 m
rope rope ≡ 20 ft = 6.096 m
span   ≡ 6 in = 0.1524 m
span (cloth)   ≡ 9 in = 0.2286 m
spat[3] ≡ 1012 m = 1 Tm
stick   ≡ 2 in = 50.8 mm
stigma; pm   ≡ 1.000×10−12 m ≡ 1.000×10−12 m
telegraph mile mi ≡ 6087 ft = 1855.3176 m
twip twp ≡ 1/1440 in ≈ 1.763 889×10−5 m
x unit; siegbahn xu ≈ 1.0021×10−13 m
yard (International) yd ≡3 ft ≡ 36 in = 0.9144 m[2]

Area

Area
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
acre ac ≡ 10 sq ch = 4840 sq yd = 4046.856 422 4 m²
are a ≡ 100 m²
barn b ≡ 10−28 m²
barony   ≡ 4000 ac = 1.618 742 568 96×107 m²
board bd ≡ 1 in × 1 ft = 7.741 92×10−3 m²
boiler horsepower equivalent direct radiation bhp EDR ≡ (1 ft²) (1 bhp) / (240 BTUIT/h) ≈ 12.958 174 m²
circular inch circ in ≡ π/4 sq in ≈ 5.067 075×10−4 m²
circular mil; circular thou circ mil ≡ π/4 mil² ≈ 5.067 075×10−10 m²
cord   ≡ 192 bd = 1.486 448 64 m²
dunam   ≡ 1000 m² = 1000 m²
hectare ha ≡ 10 000 m² = 0.01 km²
hide   ≡ 100 ac = 4.046 856 422 4×105 m²
rood ro ≡ ¼ ac = 1011.714 105 6 m²
square chain sq ch ≡ 1 sq ch = 404.685 642 24 m²
square foot sq ft ≡ 1 sq ft = 9.290 304×10−2 m²
square inch sq in ≡ 1 sq in = 6.4516×10−4 m²
square kilometre km² ≡ 1 km² = 106 m²
square link sq lnk ≡ 1 lnk² = 4.046 856 422 4×10−2 m²
square metre (SI unit) m² ≡ 1 m × 1 m = 1 m²
square mil; square thou sq mil ≡ 1 sq mil = 6.4516×10−10 m²
square mile; section sq mi ≡ 1 sq mi = 2.589 988 110 336×106 m²
square rod/pole/perch sq rd ≡ 1 sq rd = 25.292 852 64 m²
square U.S. Survey foot sq ft ≡ 1 sq ft (US) ≈ 9.290 341 161 327 49×10−2 m²
square U.S. Survey mile sq mi ≡ 1 sq mi (US) ≈ 2.589 998×106 m²
square yard sq yd ≡ 1 sq yd = 0.836 127 36 m²
stremma   ≡ 1000 m² = 1000 m²
township   ≡ 36 sq mi (US) ≈ 9.323 994×107 m²
yardland   ≡ 30 ac = 1.214 056 926 72×105 m²

Volume

Volume
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
acre foot
 ac ft ≡ 1 ac x 1 ft = 43560 ft³
cubic metre (SI unit) m³ ≡ 1 m × 1 m × 1 m = 1000 L
litre L ≡ 1 dm³ [4] = 0.001 m³
lambda λ ≡ 1 mm³ = 1 μL
drop (metric)   ≡ 1/20 mL = 0.05 mL
minim (Imperial) min ≡ 1/480 fl oz (Imp) = 1/60 fl dr (Imp) ≈ 0.059 193 880 208 333 mL
minim (U.S.) min ≡ 1/480 US fl oz = 1/60 US fl dr = 0.061 611 519 921 875 mL
drop (U.S.) (alt) gtt ≡ 1/456 US fl oz ≈ 0.064 854 231 mL
drop (Imperial) (alt) gtt ≡ 1/1824 gi (Imp) ≈ 0.077 886 684 mL
drop (U.S.) gtt ≡ 1/360 US fl oz = 0.082 148 693 229 16 mL
drop (medical)   ≡ 1/12 mL = 0.083 mL
drop (Imperial) gtt ≡ 1/288 fl oz (Imp) = 0.098 656 467 0138 mL
dash (U.S.)   ≡ 1/96 US fl oz = ½ US pinch = 0.308 057 599 609 375 mL
dash (Imperial)   ≡ 1/384 gi (Imp) = ½ pinch (Imp) = 0.369 961 751 302 083 mL
pinch (U.S.)   ≡ 1/48 US fl oz = ⅛ US tsp = 0.616 115 199 218 75 mL
pinch (Imperial)   ≡ 1/192 gi (Imp) = ⅛ tsp (Imp) = 0.739 923 502 604 16 mL
fluid scruple
(Imperial)		 fl s ≡ 1/24 fl oz (Imp) = 1.183 877 604 16 mL
fluid drachm (Imperial) fl dr ≡ ⅛ fl oz (Imp) = 3.551 632 812 5 mL
fluid dram (U.S.); U.S. fluidram fl dr ≡ ⅛ US fl oz = 3.696 691 195 312 5 mL
teaspoon (Canadian) tsp ≡ 1/6 fl oz (Imp) ≈ 4.735 510 416 667 mL
teaspoon (U.S.) tsp ≡ 1/6 US fl oz = 4.928 921 595 mL
teaspoon (metric)   ≡ 5 mL
teaspoon (Imperial) tsp ≡ 1/24 gi (Imp) = 5.919 388 020 83 mL
dessertspoon
(Imperial)		   ≡ 1/12 gi (Imp) = 11.838 776 0416 mL
tablespoon (Canadian) tbsp ≡ ½ fl oz (Imp) = 14.206 531 25 mL
tablespoon (U.S.) tbsp ≡ ½ US fl oz = 14.786 764 782 5 mL
tablespoon (metric)   ≡ 15 mL
cubic inch cu in ≡ 1 cu in = 16.387 064 mL
tablespoon (Imperial) tbsp ≡ 5/8 fl oz (Imp) = 17.758 164 0625 mL
pony   ≡ 3/4 US fl oz = 22.180 147 171 875 mL
fluid ounce (Imperial) fl oz (Imp) ≡ 1/160 gal (Imp) = 28.413 062 5 mL
fluid ounce (U.S.) US fl oz ≡ 1/128 gal (US) = 29.573 529 5625 mL
shot   ≡ 1 US fl oz = 29.573 529 5625 mL
jigger   ≡ 1½ US fl oz = 44.360 294 343 75 mL
gill (U.S.) gi (US) ≡ 4 US fl oz = 118.294 118 25 mL
gill (Imperial); Noggin gi (Imp); nog ≡ 5 fl oz (Imp) = 142.065 312 5 mL
cup (Canadian) c (CA) ≡ 8 fl oz (Imp) = 227.3045 mL
cup (U.S.) c (US) ≡ 8 US fl oz ≡ 1/16 gal (US) = 236.588 2365 mL
cup (metric) c ≡ 250 mL
breakfast cup   ≡ 10 fl oz (Imp) = 284.130 625 mL
pint (U.S. fluid) pt (US fl) ≡ ⅛ gal (US) = 473.176 473 mL
pint (U.S. dry) pt (US dry) ≡ 1/64 bu (US lvl) ≡ ⅛ gal (US dry) = 0.550 610 471 3575 L
pint (Imperial) pt (Imp) ≡ ⅛ gal (Imp) = 0.568 261 25 L
fifth   ≡ 1/5 US gal = 0.757 082 356 8 L
quart (U.S. fluid) qt (US) ≡ ¼ gal (US fl) = 0.946 352 946 L
quart (U.S. dry) qt (US) ≡ 1/32 bu (US lvl) = ¼ gal (US dry) = 1.101 220 942 715 L
quart (Imperial) qt (Imp) ≡ ¼ gal (Imp) = 1.136 522 5 L
pottle; quartern   ≡ ½ gal (Imp) = 80 fl oz (Imp) = 2.273 045 L
board-foot
 fbm ≡ 144 cu in = 2.359 737 216 L
gallon (U.S. fluid; Wine) gal (US) ≡ 231 cu in = 3.785 411 784 L
gallon (U.S. dry) gal (US) ≡ ⅛ bu (US lvl) = 4.404 883 770 86 L
gallon (Imperial) gal (Imp) ≡ = 4.546 09 L
beer gallon beer gal ≡ 282 cu in = 4.621 152 048 L
peck (U.S. dry) pk ≡ ¼ US lvl bu = 8.809 767 541 72 L
peck (Imperial) pk ≡ 2 gal (Imp) = 9.092 18 L
bucket
(Imperial)		 bkt ≡ 4 gal (Imp) = 18.184 36 L
timber foot
   ≡ 1 cu ft = 28.316 846 592 L
cubic foot cu ft ≡ 1 ft × 1 ft × 1 ft = 28.316 846 592 L
firkin   ≡ 9 gal (US) = 34.068 706 056 L
bushel (U.S. dry level) bu (US lvl) ≡ 2150.42 cu in = 35.239 070 166 88 L
bushel (Imperial) bu (Imp) ≡ 8 gal (Imp) = 36.368 72 L
bushel (U.S. dry heaped) bu (US) ≡ 1 ¼ bu (US lvl) = 44.048 837 708 6 L
strike (U.S.)   ≡ 2 bu (US lvl) = 70.478 140 333 76 L
strike (Imperial)   ≡ 2 bu (Imp) = 72.737 44 L
kilderkin
   ≡ 18 gal (Imp) = 81.829 62 L
sack (U.S.)   ≡ 3 bu (US lvl) = 105.717 210 500 64 L
sack (Imperial); bag   ≡ 3 bu (Imp) = 109.106 16 L
barrel (U.S. dry) bl (US) ≡ 105 qt (US) = 105/32 bu (US lvl) = 115.628 198 985 075 L
barrel (U.S. fluid) fl bl (US) ≡ 31½ gal (US) = 119.240 471 196 L
coomb   ≡ 4 bu (Imp) = 145.474 88 L
barrel (petroleum) bl; bbl ≡ 42 gal (US) = 158.987 294 928 L
barrel (Imperial) bl (Imp) ≡ 36 gal (Imp) = 163.659 24 L
hogshead (U.S.) hhd (US) ≡ 2 fl bl (US) = 238.480 942 392 L
seam   ≡ 8 bu (US lvl) = 281.912 561 335 04 L
quarter; pail   ≡ 8 bu (Imp) = 290.949 76 L
hogshead (Imperial) hhd (Imp) ≡ 2 bl (Imp) = 327.318 48 L
cord-foot
   ≡ 16 cu ft = 0.453 069 545 472 m³
butt, pipe   ≡ 126 gal (wine) = 0.476 961 884 784 m³
perch per ≡ 16½ ft × 1½ ft × 1 ft = 0.700 841 953 152 m³
cubic yard cu yd ≡ 27 cu ft = 0.764 554 857 984 m³
tun   ≡ 252 gal (wine) = 0.953 923 769 568 m³
displacement ton   ≡ 35 cu ft = 0.991 089 630 72 m³
water ton   ≡ 28 bu (Imp) = 1.018 324 16 m³
freight ton   ≡ 40 cu ft = 1.132 673 863 68 m³
wey (U.S.)   ≡ 40 bu (US lvl) = 1.409 562 806 675 2 m³
load   ≡ 50 cu ft = 1.415 842 329 6 m³
register ton   ≡ 100 cu ft = 2.831 684 659 2 m³
last   ≡ 80 bu (Imp) = 2.909 497 6 m³
cord (firewood)   ≡ 8 ft × 4 ft × 4 ft = 3.624 556 363 776 m³
cubic fathom cu fm ≡ 1 fm × 1 fm × 1 fm = 6.116 438 863 872 m³
acre-inch   ≡ 1 ac × 1 in = 102.790 153 128 96 m³
acre-foot   ≡ 1 ac × 1 ft = 1233.481 837 547 52 m³
cubic mile cu mi ≡ 1 cu mi = 4.168 181 825 440 579 584 km³

Angle

Angle
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
radian (SI unit) rad ≡ 180°/π ≡ 1 rad
second of arc
 " ≡ 1 grad/10000 ≈ 1.570 796 µrad
arcsecond
 " ≡ 1°/3600 ≈ 4.848 137 µrad
minute of arc
 ' ≡ 1 grad/100 ≈ 0.157 080 mrad
minute of arc
 ' ≡ 1°/60 ≈ 0.290 888 mrad
angular mil
 µ ≡ 2π/6400 rad ≈ 0.981 748 mrad
grad; gradian; gon
 grad ≡ 2π/400 rad = 0.9° ≈ 15.707 963 mrad
degree (of arc) ° ≡ π/180 rad ≈ 17.453 293 mrad
sign   ≡ 30° ≈ 0.523 599 rad
octant   ≡ 45° ≈ 0.785 398 rad
sextant   ≡ 60° ≈ 1.047 198 rad
quadrant   ≡ 90° ≈ 1.570 796 rad

Solid angle

Solid angle
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
steradian sr (SI derived unit)

Mass

Note: see Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion

Mass
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units 		Relation to avoirdupois units
grave
 kg; G (SI base unit)
electron rest mass me ≈ 9.109 381 88×10−31 ± 72×10−39 kg
atomic unit of mass amu[citation needed] ≡ me ≈ 9.109 381 88×10−31 ± 72×10−39 kg
unified atomic mass unit
 u ≈ 1.660 538 73×10−27 ± 13×10−35 kg
dalton Da ≈ 1.660 902 10×10−27 ± 13×10−35 kg
gamma γ ≡ 1 μg
point   ≡ 1/100 kt (metric) = 2 mg
mite   ≡ 1/20 gr = 3.239 945 5 mg
mite (metric)   ≡ 1/20 g = 50 mg
grain
 gr ≡ 64.798 91 mg
crith   ≈ 89.9349 mg
carat (metric) ct ≡ 200 mg
carat kt ≡ 3 1/6 gr ≈ 205.196 548 333 mg
sheet   ≡ 1/700 lb av = 647.9891 mg
scruple (apothecary
)		 s ap ≡ 20 gr = 1.295 978 2 g
pennyweight dwt; pwt ≡ 1/20 oz t = 1.555 173 84 g
dram (avoirdupois) dr av ≡ 27 11/32 gr = 1.771 845 195 312 5 g
dram (apothecary; troy) dr t ≡ 60 gr = 3.887 934 6 g
hyl (CGS unit)   ≡ 1 gee × 1 g × 1 s²/m = 9.806 65 g
ounce (avoirdupois) oz av ≡ 1/16 lb = 28.349 523 125 g
assay ton
(short)		 AT ≡ 1 mg × 1 sh tn ÷ 1 oz t ≈ 29.166 667 g
ounce (apothecary; troy)
 oz t ≡ 1/12 lb t = 31.103 476 8 g
assay ton
(long)		 AT ≡ 1 mg × 1 long tn ÷ 1 oz t ≈ 32.666 667 g
mark   ≡ 8 oz t = 248.827 814 4 g
pound (troy) lb t ≡ 5760 grains = 0.373 241 721 6 kg
pound (avoirdupois) lb av ≡ 7000 grains = 0.453 592 37 kg
pound (metric)   ≡ 500 g
clove   ≡ 8 lb av = 3.628 738 96 kg
stone
 st ≡ 14 lb av = 6.350 293 18 kg
hyl (MKS unit)   ≡ 1 gee × 1 kg × 1 s²/m = 9.806 65 kg
quarter (Imperial)   ≡ 1/4 long cwt = 2 st = 28 lb av = 12.700 586 36 kg
slug; geepound slug ≡ 1 gee × 1 lb av × 1 s²/ft ≈ 14.593 903 kg
bag (Portland cement)   ≡ 94 lb av = 42.637 682 78 kg
short hundredweight; cental sh cwt ≡ 100 lb av = 45.359 237 kg
long hundredweight long cwt or cwt ≡ 112 lb av = 50.802 345 44 kg
bag (coffee) ≡ 60 kg = 60 kg
quintal
(metric)		 q ≡ 100 kg
wey   ≡ 252 lb = 18 st = 114.305 277 24 kg (variants exist)
long quarter (informal)   ≡ ¼ long tn = 254.011 727 2 kg
quarter (informal)   ≡ ¼ short tn = 226.796 185 kg
kip kip ≡ 1000 lb av = 453.592 37 kg
short ton sh tn ≡ 2000 lb = 907.184 74 kg
mts
unit)		 t ≡ 1000 kg
long ton long tn or ton ≡ 2240 lb = 1016.046 908 8 kg
barge   ≡ 22 ½ sh tn = 20,411.656 65 kg
Zentner Ztr. Definitions vary; see [5] and [6]. See also discussion at Talk:Conversion of units#Zentner

In

pound-force
(lbf). It should not be read as the mongrel unit "pound metre".

Time

Time, t
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
second s (SI base unit)
Planck time
   ≡ (G[[Dirac's constant|

ℏ]]/c5)½

≈ 1.351 211 818×10−43 s
atomic unit of time au ≡
α
·c) 		≈ 2.418 884 254×10−17 s
svedberg S ≡ 10−13 s = 100 fs
shake   ≡ 10−8 s = 10 ns
sigma   ≡ 10−6 s = 1 μs
jiffy   ≡ 1/60 s ≈ .016667 s
jiffy (alternate)   ≡ 1/100 s = 10 ms
helek   ≡ 1/1080 h ≈ 3.333333 s
minute min ≡ 60 s
milliday md ≡ 86 400 s / 1000 ≡ 86.4 s
moment   ≡ 90 s ≡ 90 s
ke
(traditional)		   ≡ 1/100 d ≡ 864 s
quarter (of an hour)
ke
 ≡ 1/96 d ≡ 900 s
hour h ≡ 60 min = 3600 s
day d ≡ 24 h = 86 400 s
week wk ≡ 7 d = 604 800 s
fortnight   ≡ 2 wk = 1 209 600 s
month (hollow) mo ≡ 29 d = 2 505 600 s
month mo ≡ 30 d = 2 592 000 s
month (full) mo ≡ 31 d = 2 678 400 s
year (Calendar) a, y, or yr ≡ 365 d = 31 536 000 s
year (Gregorian) a, y, or yr ≡ 365.2425 d = 31 556 952 s
year (Julian) a, y, or yr ≡ 365.25 d = 31 557 600 s
sidereal year a, y, or yr ≡ 365.256363 d = 31 558 149.76 s
Olympiad   ≡ 4 a of 365 d = 1.2614×108 s
lustre; lustrum   ≡ 5 a of 365 d = 1.5768×108 s
octaeteris   ≡ 8 a of 365 d = 2.522 88×108 s
decade   ≡ 10 a of 365 d = 3.1536×108 s
enneadecaeteris; Metonic cycle
   ≡ 110 mo (hollow) + 125 mo (full) = 19 a of 365 d = 5.996 16×108 s
Callippic cycle   ≡ 441 mo (hollow) + 499 mo (full) = 76 a of 365.25 d = 2.398 377 6×109 s
century (Calendar)   ≡ 100 a of 365 d = 3.1536×109 s
century (Julian)   ≡ 100 a of 365.25 d = 3.155 76×109 s
Hipparchic cycle   ≡ 4 Callippic cycles - 1 d = 9.593 424×109 s
millennium (Calendar)   ≡ 1000 a of 365 d = 3.1536×1010 s
millennium (Gregorian)   ≡ 1000 a of 365.2425 d = 3.155 695 2×1010 s
millennium (Julian)   ≡ 1000 a of 365.25 d = 3.155 76×1010 s
Sothic cycle   ≡ 1461 a of 365 d = 4.607 409 6×1010 s

Speed or velocity

Speed
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
metre per second (SI unit) m/s ≡ 1 m/s
foot per hour
 fph ≡ 1 ft/h ≈ 8.466 667×10−5 m/s
furlong per fortnight   ≡ furlong/fortnight ≈ 1.663 095×10−4 m/s
inch per minute ipm ≡ 1 in/min ≈ 4.23 333×10−4 m/s
foot per minute
 fpm ≡ 1 ft/min = 5.08×10−3 m/s
inch per second ips ≡ 1 in/s = 2.54×10−2 m/s
kilometre per hour
 km/h ≡ 1 km/h ≈ 2.777 778×10−1 m/s
foot per second
 fps ≡ 1 ft/s = 3.048×10−1 m/s
mile per hour
 mph ≡ 1 mi/h = 0.447 04 m/s
knot
 kn ≡ 1 NM/h = 1.852 km/h ≈ 0.514 444 m/s
knot
(Admiralty)		 kn ≡ 1 NM (Adm)/h = 1.853 184 km/h ≈ 0.514 773 m/s
mile per minute mpm ≡ 1 mi/min = 26.8224 m/s
mile per second mps ≡ 1 mi/s = 1.609 344 km/s = 1609.344 m/s
speed of light in vacuum c ≡ 2.997 924 58×108 m/s
speed of sound in air s ≡ 770 mph = 1230 km/h ≈ 344 m/s

A velocity consists of a speed combined with a direction; the speed part of the velocity takes units of speed.

Acceleration

Acceleration
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
metre per second squared (SI unit) m/s² ≡ 1 m/s²
foot per hour per second
 fph/s ≡ 1 ft/(h·s) ≈ 8.466 667×10−5 m/s²
inch per minute per second ipm/s ≡ 1 in/(min·s) ≈ 4.233 333×10−4 m/s²
foot per minute per second
 fpm/s ≡ 1 ft/(min·s) = 5.08×10−3 m/s²
galileo
 Gal ≡ 1 cm/s² = 10−2 m/s²
inch per second squared ips² ≡ 1 in/s² = 2.54×10−2 m/s²
foot per second
squared		 fps² ≡ 1 ft/s² = 3.048×10−1 m/s²
mile per hour per second mph/s ≡ 1 mi/(h·s) = 4.4704×10−1 m/s²
knot per second
 kn/s ≡ 1 kn/s ≈ 5.144 444×10−1 m/s²
standard gravity g ≡ 9.806 65 m/s²
mile per minute per second mpm/s ≡ 1 mi/(min·s) = 26.8224 m/s²
mile per second squared mps² ≡ 1 mi/s² = 1.609 344×103 m/s²

Force

Force
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
newton (SI unit) N ≡ kg·m/s²
atomic unit of force au ≡ me·
α²·c²/a0
 ≈ 8.238 722 241×10−8 N
cgs unit
)		 dyn ≡ g·cm/s² = 10−5 N
milligrave
-force, gravet-force		 mGf; gf ≡ g × 1 g = 9.806 65 mN
poundal pdl ≡ 1 lb·ft/s² = 0.138 254 954 376 N
ounce-force
 ozf ≡ g × 1 oz = 0.278 013 850 953 781 2 N
pound-force
lbf
 ≡ g × 1 lb = 4.448 221 615 260 5 N
grave
-force		 kgf; kp; Gf ≡ g × 1 kg = 9.806 65 N
sthene (
mts
unit)		 sn ≡ 1 t·m/s² = 1 kN
kip; kip-force kip; kipf; klbf ≡ g × 1000 lb = 4.448 221 615 260 5 kN
ton-force tnf ≡ g × 1 sh tn = 8.896 443 230 521 kN

See also: Conversion between weight (force) and mass

Pressure or mechanical stress

Pressure
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
atmosphere (standard) atm ≡ 101 325 Pa [7]
atmosphere (technical) at ≡ 1 kgf/cm² = 98.0665 kPa [7]
bar bar ≡ 105 Pa
barye (
cgs unit
)		   ≡ 1 dyn/cm² = 0.1 Pa
centimetre of mercury cmHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m³ × 1 cm × g ≈ 1.333 22 kPa [7]
centimetre of water (4 °C) cmH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m³ × 1 cm × g ≈ 98.0638 Pa [7]
foot
of mercury (conventional)		 ftHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m³ × 1 ft × g ≈ 40.636 66 kPa [7]
foot of water
(39.2 °F)		 ftH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m³ × 1 ft × g ≈ 2.988 98 kPa [7]
inch of mercury (conventional) inHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m³ × 1 in × g ≈ 3.386 389 kPa [7]
inch of water (39.2 °F) inH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m³ × 1 in × g ≈ 249.082 Pa [7]
kilogram-force per square millimetre kgf/mm² ≡ 1 kgf/mm² = 9.806 65 MPa [7]
kip per square inch ksi ≡ 1 kipf/sq in ≈ 6.894757 MPa [7]
millimetre of mercury
mmHg
 ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m³ × 1 mm × g ≈ 1 torr ≈ 133.322 4 Pa [7]
millimetre of water (3.98 °C) mmH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m³ × 1 mm × g = 9.806 38 Pa (= 0.999972 kgf/m²)
pascal (SI unit) Pa ≡ N/m² = kg/(m·s²) [8]
pièze (
mts
unit)		 pz ≡ 1000 kg/m·s² = 1 kPa
foot
 psf ≡ 1 lbf/ft² ≈ 47.880 25 Pa [7]
foot
 pdl/sq ft ≡ 1 pdl/sq ft ≈ 1.488 164 Pa [7]
pound per square inch
 psi ≡ 1 lbf/in² ≈ 6.894 757 kPa [7]
short
foot
   ≡ 1 sh tn × g / 1 sq ft ≈ 95.760 518 kPa
torr torr ≡ 101 325/760 Pa ≈ 133.322 4 Pa [7]

Energy, work, or heat (or torque)

Energy
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
joule (SI unit) J ≡ N·m = W·s = V·A·s = kg·m²/s²
electronvolt
 eV ≡ e × 1 V ≈ 1.602 176×10−19 J
rydberg
 Ry ≡ R∞·ℎ·c ≈ 2.179 872×10−18 J
hartree Eh ≡ me·
α²·c
² (= 2 Ry) 		≈ 4.359 744×10−18 J
atomic unit of energy au ≡ Eh ≈ 4.359 744×10−18 J
cgs unit
)		 erg ≡ 1 g·cm²/s² = 10−7 J
foot
-poundal		 ft pdl ≡ 1 lb·ft²/s² = 4.214 011 009 380 48×10−2 J
cubic centimetre of
atmosphere
; standard cubic centimetre		 cc atm; scc ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm³ = 0.101 325 J
inch-pound force
 in lbf ≡ g × 1 lb × 1 in = 0.112 984 829 027 616 7 J
Foot-pound force
 ft lbf ≡ g × 1 lb × 1 ft = 1.355 817 948 331 400 4 J
calorie (20 °C) cal20 °C ≈ 4.1819 J
calorie (thermochemical) calth ≡ 4.184 J
calorie (15 °C) cal15 °C ≡ 4.1855 J
calorie (International Table) calIT ≡ 4.1868 J
calorie (mean) calmean ≈ 4.190 02 J
calorie (3.98 °C) cal3.98 °C ≈ 4.2045 J
kilocalorie; large calorie kcal; Cal ≡ 1000 calIT = 4.1868 kJ
atmosphere
 l atm; sl ≡ 1 atm × 1 L = 101.325 J
gallon-atmosphere (US) US gal atm ≡ 1 atm × 1 gal (US) = 383.556 849 013 8 J
gallon-atmosphere (imperial) imp gal atm ≡ 1 atm × 1 gal (imp) = 460.632 569 25 J
British thermal unit
(thermochemical)		 BTUth ≈ 1.054 350 kJ
British thermal unit
(ISO)		 BTUISO ≡ 1.0545 kJ
British thermal unit
(63 °F)		 BTU63 °F ≈ 1.0546 kJ
British thermal unit
(60 °F)		 BTU60 °F ≈ 1.054 68 kJ
British thermal unit
(59 °F)		 BTU59 °F ≡ 1.054 804 kJ
British thermal unit
(International Table)		 BTUIT = 1.055 055 852 62 kJ
British thermal unit
(mean)		 BTUmean ≈ 1.055 87 kJ
British thermal unit
(39 °F)		 BTU39 °F ≈ 1.059 67 kJ
Celsius heat unit (International Table) CHUIT ≡ 1 BTUIT × 1 K/°R = 1.899 100 534 716 kJ
cubic
foot
 cu ft atm; scf ≡ 1 atm × 1 ft³ = 2.869 204 480 934 4 kJ
cubic yard of atmosphere; standard cubic yard cu yd atm; scy ≡ 1 atm × 1 yd³ = 77.468 520 985 228 8 kJ
cubic
foot
of natural gas		   ≡ 1000 BTUIT = 1.055 055 852 62 MJ
horsepower-hour hp·h ≡ 1 hp × 1 h = 2.684519537696172792 MJ
kilowatt-hour; Board of Trade Unit kW·h; B.O.T.U. ≡ 1 kW × 1 h = 3.6 MJ
thermie th ≡ 1 McalIT = 4.1868 MJ
therm (U.S.)   ≡ 100 000 BTU59 °F = 105.4804 MJ
therm (E.C.)   ≡ 100 000 BTUIT = 105.505 585 262 MJ
TNT
 tTNT ≡ 1 Gcalth = 4.184 GJ
barrel of oil equivalent bboe ≈ 5.8 MBTU59 °F ≈ 6.12 GJ
ton of coal equivalent TCE ≡ 7 Gcalth = 29.3076 GJ
ton of oil equivalent
 TOE ≡ 10 Gcalth = 41.868 GJ
quad
   ≡ 1015 BTUIT = 1.055 055 852 62×1018 J

Power

Power
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
watt (SI unit) W ≡ J/s = N·m/s = kg·m²/s³
lusec lusec ≡ 1 L·µmHg/s [9] ≈ 1.333×10−4 W
pound-force per hour
 ft lbf/h ≡ 1 ft lbf/h ≈ 3.766 161×10−4 W
atmosphere cubic centimetre per minute atm ccm ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm³/min = 1.688 75×10−3 W
pound-force per minute
 ft lbf/min ≡ 1 ft lbf/min = 2.259 696 580 552 334×10−2 W
atmosphere–cubic centimetre per second atm ccs ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm³/s = 0.101 325 W
BTU (International Table) per hour
 BTUIT/h ≡ 1 BTUIT/h ≈ 0.293 071 W
atmosphere–cubic
foot per hour
 atm cfh ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/h = 0.797 001 244 704 W
pound-force per second
 ft lbf/s ≡ 1 ft lbf/s = 1.355 817 948 331 400 4 W
litre-atmosphere per minute L·atm/min ≡ 1 atm × 1 L/min = 1.688 75 W
calorie (International Table) per second calIT/s ≡ 1 calIT/s = 4.1868 W
BTU (International Table) per minute
 BTUIT/min ≡ 1 BTUIT/min ≈ 17.584 264 W
atmosphere-cubic
foot per minute
 atm·cfm ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/min = 47.820 074 682 24 W
square
foot
equivalent direct radiation		 sq ft EDR ≡ 240 BTUIT/h ≈ 70.337 057 W
litre-atmosphere per second L·atm/s ≡ 1 atm × 1 L/s = 101.325 W
horsepower (metric) hp ≡ 75 m kgf/s = 735.498 75 W
horsepower (European electrical) hp ≡ 75 kp·m/s = 736 W
horsepower (Imperial mechanical) hp ≡ 550 ft lbf/s = 745.699 871 582 270 22 W
horsepower (Imperial electrical) hp ≡ 746 W
ton of air conditioning   ≡ 1 t × 1005 J/kg × 1 °R/K ÷ 10 min ≈ 844.2 W
poncelet p ≡ 100 m kgf/s = 980.665 W
BTU (International Table) per second
 BTUIT/s ≡ 1 BTUIT/s = 1.055 055 852 62×103 W
atmosphere-cubic
foot per second
 atm cfs ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/s = 2.869 204 480 934 4×103 W
ton of refrigeration (IT)   ≡ 1 BTUIT × 1 sh tn/lb ÷ 10 min/s ≈ 3.516 853×103 W
ton of refrigeration (Imperial)   ≡ 1 BTUIT × 1 lng tn/lb ÷ 10 min/s ≈ 3.938 875×103 W
boiler horsepower bhp ≈ 34.5 lb/h × 970.3 BTUIT/lb ≈ 9.810 657×103 W

Angular momentum

Action, Angular momentum
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
SI unit J·s ≡ kg·m²/s
atomic unit of action au ≡
ℏ = ℎ/2π
 ≈ 1.054 571 596×10−34 J·s
cgs unit
 erg·s = 10−7 J·s

Electric current

Electric current
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
ampere A (SI base unit)
cgs unit
)		 esu/s ≡ (0.1 A·m/s) /c ≈ 3.335 641×10−10 A
cgs unit
)		 abamp ≡ 10 A

Electric charge

Electric charge
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
coulomb (SI unit) C ≡ A·s
atomic unit of charge au ≡ e ≈ 1.602 176 462×10−19 C
cgs unit
)		 statC; Fr; esu ≡ (0.1 A·m) /c ≈ 3.335 641×10−10 C
cgs unit
)		 abC; emu ≡ 10 C
faraday
 F ≡ 1 mol ×
NA·e
 ≈ 96,485.3383 C

Electromotive force

Voltage, Electromotive force
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
volt (SI unit) V ≡ kg·m²/(A·s³)
cgs unit
)		 abV ≡ 1×10−8 V
cgs unit
)		 statV ≡ c· (1 μJ/A·m) = 299.792 458 V

Electrical resistance

Electrical resistance
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
ohm
(SI unit)		 Ω ≡ V/A = kg·m²/(A²·s³)

Dynamic viscosity

Dynamic viscosity
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI
units
pascal second
(SI unit)		 Pa·s ≡ N·s/m² = kg/(m·s)
cgs unit
)		 P ≡ 10−1 Pa·s

Kinematic viscosity

Kinematic viscosity
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI units
SI unit m²/s ≡ m²/s
cgs unit
)		 St ≡ 10−4 m²/s

Information entropy

Information entropy
,
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to
SI units
SI unit J/K ≡ 1 J/K
nat
; nip; nepit		 nat ≡ kB = 1.3806505(23) × 10−23 J/K
bit; shannon bit; b; Sh ≡ ln(2) × kB = 9.569940(16) × 10−24 J/K
ban
; hartley		 ban; Hart ≡ ln(10) × kB = 3.1790653(53) × 10−23 J/K
nibble ≡ 4 bits = 3.8279760(64) × 10−23 J/K
byte B ≡ 8 bits = 7.655952(13) × 10−23 J/K
kilobyte (decimal) kB ≡ 1000 B = 7.655952(13) × 10−20 J/K
kibibyte
)		 KB; KiB ≡ 1024 B = 7.839695(13) × 10−20 J/K

Temperature

Note: see

Temperature conversion
for more detail

Temperature
Name of unit Symbol Relation to
SI
units 		Relation to °C
kelvin K SI base unit T[K] = T[°C] + 273.15
degree Celsius °C T[°C] = T[K] − 273.15
degree Rankine °R; °Ra T[°Ra] = 1.8 × T[K]
degree Fahrenheit °F T[°F] = T[K] × 1.8 − 459.67 T[°F] = 1.8 × T[°C] + 32

Blood Glucose

Conversion table of Blood Glucose (mmol/L to mg/dL)

180.16 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 0 2 4 5 7 9 11 13 14 16
1 18 20 22 23 25 27 29 31 32 34
2 36 38 40 41 43 45 47 49 50 52
3 54 56 58 59 61 63 65 67 68 70
4 72 74 76 77 79 81 83 85 86 88
5 90 92 94 95 97 99 101 103 104 106
6 108 110 112 114 115 117 119 121 123 124
7 126 128 130 132 133 135 137 139 141 142
8 144 146 148 150 151 153 155 157 159 160
9 162 164 166 168 169 171 173 175 177 178
10 180 182 184 186 187 189 191 193 195 196
11 198 200 202 204 205 207 209 211 213 214
12 216 218 220 222 223 225 227 229 231 232
13 234 236 238 240 241 243 245 247 249 250
14 252 254 256 258 259 261 263 265 267 268
15 270 272 274 276 277 279 281 283 285 286
16 288 290 292 294 295 297 299 301 303 304
17 306 308 310 312 313 315 317 319 321 322
18 324 326 328 330 331 333 335 337 339 341
19 342 344 346 348 350 351 353 355 357 359
20 360 362 364 366 368 369 371 373 375 377
21 378 380 382 384 386 387 389 391 393 395
22 396 398 400 402 404 405 407 409 411 413
23 414 416 418 420 422 423 425 427 429 431
24 432 434 436 438 440 441 443 445 447 449
25 450 452 454 456 458 459 461 463 465 467
26 468 470 472 474 476 477 479 481 483 485
27 486 488 490 492 494 495 497 499 501 503
28 504 506 508 510 512 513 515 517 519 521
29 522 524 526 528 530 531 533 535 537 539
30 540 542 544 546 548 549 551 553 555 557


Software tools

Home and office computers come with converters in bundled spreadsheet applications or can access free converters via the Internet. Units and measurements can be easily converted using these tools, but only if the units are explicitly defined and the conversion is compatible (e.g., cmHg to kPa).

Free conversion software

  • Units (Unix program)
    — a popular command-line utility.

General commercial sources of converters

References

  1. ^ "NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty."(2006). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Accessed 22 February 2008.
  2. ^ a b National Bureau of Standards. (June 30, 1959). Refinement of values for the yard and the pound. Federal Register, viewed September 20, 2006 at National Geodetic Survey web site.
  3. ^ P. Kenneth Seidelmann, Ed. (1992). Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books. p. 716 and s.v. parsec in Glossary.
  4. ^ Barry N. Taylor, Ed.,NIST Special Publication 330: The International System of Units (SI) (2001 Edition), Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 43,"The 12th Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM)…declares that the word “liter” may be employed as a special name for the cubic decimeter".
  5. ^ The Swiss Federal Office for Metrology gives Zentner on a German language web page[1] and quintal on the English translation of that page[2]; the unit is marked "spécifiquement suisse !"
  6. ^ Rowlett, Russ. A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. Viewed October 14, 2006 at http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictZ.html
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Barry N. Taylor, (April 1995), Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) (NIST Special Publication 811), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 64–65.
  8. ^ Barry N. Taylor, (April 1995), Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) (NIST Special Publication 811), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 5.
  9. 5 November 2006 at http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/
  • Klein, Herbert. 1988. The science of measurement: A historical survey. New York: Dover Publications.

See also

The Wikibook [[wikibooks:|]] has a page on the topic of: FHSST Physics Units:How to Change Units

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conversion_of_units&oldid=200481908"