Small Indian civet: Difference between revisions
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The small Indian civet is a [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]] [[Genus (biology)|genus]].<ref name=Blanford>Blanford, W. T. (1888–91). [http://archive.org/stream/mammalia00blan/mammalia00blan#page/100/mode/2up ''Genus Viverricula Hodgson.''] Pages 100–101 in: ''The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia''. Taylor and Francis, London.</ref> |
The small Indian civet is a [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]] [[Genus (biology)|genus]].<ref name=Blanford>Blanford, W. T. (1888–91). [http://archive.org/stream/mammalia00blan/mammalia00blan#page/100/mode/2up ''Genus Viverricula Hodgson.''] Pages 100–101 in: ''The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia''. Taylor and Francis, London.</ref> |
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It is also called '''rasse'''. |
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The [[Assamese language|Assamese]] name ''johamaal'' refers to its glandular odour similar to a scented rice variety called joha. The species has been introduced to [[Madagascar]]. |
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== Characteristics == |
== Characteristics == |
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== Distribution and habitat == |
== Distribution and habitat == |
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Small Indian civets are known to occur in [[South China|south]] and [[central China]], [[Hong Kong]], most of [[India]], [[Lao PDR]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Viet Nam]], [[Cambodia]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. No search has been made for recent records from [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Peninsular Malaysia]], [[Java (island)|Java]] or [[Bali]], areas where they were historically recorded. Their current status in [[Singapore]] is unclear.<ref name=iucn/> |
Small Indian civets are known to occur in [[South China|south]] and [[central China]], [[Hong Kong]], most of [[India]], [[Lao PDR]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Viet Nam]], [[Cambodia]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. No search has been made for recent records from [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Peninsular Malaysia]], [[Java (island)|Java]] or [[Bali]], areas where they were historically recorded. Their current status in [[Singapore]] is unclear.<ref name=iucn/> They have been introduced to [[Madagascar]].<ref name=Lekagul>Lekalul, B. and McNeely, J. A. (1977). ''Mammals of Thailand''. Association for the Conservation of Wildlife, Bangkok.</ref> |
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Small Indian civets have been recorded in semi-[[Evergreen forest|evergreen]] and [[deciduous forest]], mixed deciduous forest, [[bamboo]] forest, scrubby areas, grasslands and riverine habitat.<ref name=Duckworth1997>Duckworth, J. W. (1997). ''Small carnivores in Laos: a status review with notes on ecology, behaviour and conservation''. [http://www.smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/2/23/Number_16_%28Apr_1997%29.PDF Small Carnivore Conservation 16]: 1–21.</ref><ref name= Mudappa2002>Mudappa, D. (2002). ''Observations of small carnivores in the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India''. [http://www.smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/8/8b/SCC_27.pdf Small Carnivore Conservation 27]: 4–5.</ref><ref name=SuSu05/> |
Small Indian civets have been recorded in semi-[[Evergreen forest|evergreen]] and [[deciduous forest]], mixed deciduous forest, [[bamboo]] forest, scrubby areas, grasslands and riverine habitat.<ref name=Duckworth1997>Duckworth, J. W. (1997). ''Small carnivores in Laos: a status review with notes on ecology, behaviour and conservation''. [http://www.smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/2/23/Number_16_%28Apr_1997%29.PDF Small Carnivore Conservation 16]: 1–21.</ref><ref name= Mudappa2002>Mudappa, D. (2002). ''Observations of small carnivores in the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India''. [http://www.smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/8/8b/SCC_27.pdf Small Carnivore Conservation 27]: 4–5.</ref><ref name=SuSu05/> |
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== Ecology and behavior == |
== Ecology and behavior == |
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Small Indian civets are [[nocturnal]], mostly terrestrial and [[insectivorous]].<ref name= Mudappa2002/> They inhabit holes in the ground, under rocks or in thick bush.<ref name=Blanford/> |
Small Indian civets are [[nocturnal]], mostly terrestrial and [[insectivorous]].<ref name= Mudappa2002/> They inhabit holes in the ground, under rocks or in thick bush.<ref name=Blanford/> |
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=== Diet === |
=== Diet === |
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They feed on [[rat]]s, [[mice]], birds, [[snake]]s, [[fruit]], [[root]]s and [[carrion]].<ref name=Lekagul |
They feed on [[rat]]s, [[mice]], birds, [[snake]]s, [[fruit]], [[root]]s and [[carrion]].<ref name=Lekagul/> Occasionally they carry off poultry.<ref name=Blanford/><ref name=SuSu05/> |
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===Reproduction=== |
===Reproduction=== |
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== Conservation == |
== Conservation == |
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''Viverricula indica'' is listed on [[CITES Appendix III]].<ref name=iucn/> In Myanmar, it is totally protected under the Wildlife Act of 1994.<ref name=SuSu05>Su Su. (2005). ''Small carnivores and their threats in Hlawga Wildlife Park, Myanmar''. [http://www.smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/5/51/Number_33.PDF Small Carnivore Conservation 33]: 6–13.</ref> |
''Viverricula indica'' is listed on [[CITES Appendix III]].<ref name=iucn/> In Myanmar, it is totally protected under the Wildlife Act of 1994.<ref name=SuSu05>Su Su. (2005). ''Small carnivores and their threats in Hlawga Wildlife Park, Myanmar''. [http://www.smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/5/51/Number_33.PDF Small Carnivore Conservation 33]: 6–13.</ref> |
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== Taxonomic notes == |
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''Viverricula rasse'' described by [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]] from Java is considered a variety of ''Viverricula indica''.<ref>Horsfield, T. (1851). [http://books.google.cm/books?lr=&id=Mt8HAQAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA59&ots=SIjHsNBaAx&sig=3FF-LGomEir5I6h4pNkpV1GL01Q&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''A catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company'']. J. & H. Cox, London.</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 20:05, 10 March 2013
| Small Indian civet | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Subfamily: | |
| Genus: | Viverricula Hodgson, 1838
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| Species: | V. indica
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| Binomial name | |
| Viverricula indica Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803
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| Small Indian civet range (green - extant, pink - probably extant) | |
The small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) is a
IUCN because of its widespread geographical distribution, widespread habitat use and healthy populations living in agricultural and secondary landscapes of many range states.[1]
The small Indian civet is a
genus.[2]
Characteristics
The small Indian civet is 21 to 23 in (53 to 58 cm) in head and body size and has a rather coarse fur that is brownish grey to pale yellowish brown, with usually several longitudinal black or brown bands on the back and longitudinal rows of spots on the sides. In some specimens both lines and spots are indistinct, and the dorsal bands are occasionally wanting. Usually there are five or six distinct bands on the back and four or five rows of spots on each side. The neck markings are rather variable. Generally there are two dark stripes from behind the ear to the shoulders, and often a third in front, crossing the throat. The underfur is brown or grey, often grey on the upper parts of the body and brown on the lower. The grey hairs on the upper parts are often tipped with black. The head is grey or brownish grey, the chin often brown. The ears are short and rounded with a dusky mark behind each ear, and one in front of each eye. The feet are brown or black. The tapering tail is 15 to 17 in (38 to 43 cm) long with alternating black and whitish rings, seven to nine of each colour.[2]
Distribution and habitat
Small Indian civets are known to occur in
Java or Bali, areas where they were historically recorded. Their current status in Singapore is unclear.[1] They have been introduced to Madagascar.[3]
Small Indian civets have been recorded in semi-
deciduous forest, mixed deciduous forest, bamboo forest, scrubby areas, grasslands and riverine habitat.[4][5][6]
Distribution of subspecies
- V. i. indica (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) — is distributed in Lake Chilka on the east coast;[7]
- V. i. pallida (Gray, 1831) — ranges in southern China and Taiwan;[8]
- V. i. bengalensis (Gray and
- V. i. deserti (Bonhote, 1898) — was described from Rajputana;[7]
- V. i. thai (Indochina, and Myanmar;[7]
- V. i. muriavensis (Sody, 1931) — was described from Java and Bali;[9]
- V. i. mayori (Pocock, 1933) — is distributed in Sri Lanka;[7]
- V. i. wellsi (Pocock, 1933) — is distributed in United Provinces;[7]
- V. i. baptistæ (Pocock, 1933) — ranges from Bhutan and Upper Bengal to Assam.[7]
Ecology and behavior
Small Indian civets are
Diet
They feed on
Reproduction
The female has usually four or five young at a birth.[2] The life span is eight to nine years.[3]
Threats
People of Traspur village in Assam hunt it for meat and purify its skin into medicine.[citation needed]
Conservation
Viverricula indica is listed on
Taxonomic notes
Viverricula rasse described by Horsfield from Java is considered a variety of Viverricula indica.[10]
References
- ^ a b c d Template:IUCN
- ^ a b c d e Blanford, W. T. (1888–91). Genus Viverricula Hodgson. Pages 100–101 in: The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Taylor and Francis, London.
- ^ a b c Lekalul, B. and McNeely, J. A. (1977). Mammals of Thailand. Association for the Conservation of Wildlife, Bangkok.
- ^ Duckworth, J. W. (1997). Small carnivores in Laos: a status review with notes on ecology, behaviour and conservation. Small Carnivore Conservation 16: 1–21.
- ^ a b Mudappa, D. (2002). Observations of small carnivores in the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. Small Carnivore Conservation 27: 4–5.
- ^ a b c Su Su. (2005). Small carnivores and their threats in Hlawga Wildlife Park, Myanmar. Small Carnivore Conservation 33: 6–13.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pocock, R. I. (1939). Genus Viverricula Hodgson. Pages 362–376 in: The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1Taylor and Francis, London.
- ^ Ellerman, J. R., Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Second edition. British Museum of Natural History, London. Pp. 282–283.
- ^ Sody, H. J. V. (1931). Six new mammals from Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 91: 349–360.
- ^ Horsfield, T. (1851). A catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company. J. & H. Cox, London.
External links
- PHOTO SMALL INDIAN CIVET
- Raising Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) website www.vietlinh.vn
- Fact file from Pensacola Junior College
- Small Indian Civet roadkill, Commons
Wikispecies has information related to Viverricula indica.