Sighetu Marmației: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 47°55′43″N 23°53′33″E / 47.92861°N 23.89250°E / 47.92861; 23.89250
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
NihlusBOT (talk | contribs)
149,040 edits
m Bot: fix deprecated Citation Style 1 parameters (Task 9)
Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v1.6.1) (Balon Greyjoy)
Line 77: Line 77:
In 1919, six Romanian schools opened in Sighet: a boys' high school, a girls' high school, a boys' elementary school, a co-ed commercial [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]], and two commercial high schools (one for boys, the other for girls). The Maramureș ethnographic museum opened in the cultural palace in 1926. During the [[interwar period]], over twenty newspapers appeared in the town, as well as a number of literary reviews. As a result of the August 1940 [[Second Vienna Award]] during [[World War II]], it came under [[Hungary|Hungarian]] administration during the war.<ref name="primaria"/>
In 1919, six Romanian schools opened in Sighet: a boys' high school, a girls' high school, a boys' elementary school, a co-ed commercial [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]], and two commercial high schools (one for boys, the other for girls). The Maramureș ethnographic museum opened in the cultural palace in 1926. During the [[interwar period]], over twenty newspapers appeared in the town, as well as a number of literary reviews. As a result of the August 1940 [[Second Vienna Award]] during [[World War II]], it came under [[Hungary|Hungarian]] administration during the war.<ref name="primaria"/>


A first deportation of Jews from Sighet took place in 1942.<ref name="Chmiel">Mark Chmiel, ''Elie Wiesel and the Politics of Moral Leadership'', p.6. Temple University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|1566398576}}</ref> The second occurred after Passover 1944, so that by April, the town's ghetto contained close to 13,000 Jews from Sighet itself and the neighboring places of [[Dragomirești, Maramureș|Dragomirești]], [[Ocna Șugatag]] and [[Vișeu de Sus]]. Between May 16 and 22, the ghetto was liquidated in four transports, its inhabitants sent to [[Auschwitz concentration camp]].<ref name="Shoah">[http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/microsoft%20word%20-%207460.pdf "Sighet Marmației"] at the Shoah Resource Center of Yad Vashem; accessed June 15, 2013</ref> Among the deportees was Sighet native and future [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate [[Elie Wiesel]].<ref name="Chmiel"/> In 1947, there were some 2,300 Jews in Sighet, including survivors and a considerable number of Jews from other parts of Romania.<ref name="Shoah"/> By 2002, the town had 20 remaining Jews.<ref>[http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=1623 "Sighetu Marmației"] at the [http://adatbank.transindex.ro/ Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank]'s [http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/ ''Recensământ 2002'']; accessed June 15, 2013</ref>
A first deportation of Jews from Sighet took place in 1942.<ref name="Chmiel">Mark Chmiel, ''Elie Wiesel and the Politics of Moral Leadership'', p.6. Temple University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|1566398576}}</ref> The second occurred after Passover 1944, so that by April, the town's ghetto contained close to 13,000 Jews from Sighet itself and the neighboring places of [[Dragomirești, Maramureș|Dragomirești]], [[Ocna Șugatag]] and [[Vișeu de Sus]]. Between May 16 and 22, the ghetto was liquidated in four transports, its inhabitants sent to [[Auschwitz concentration camp]].<ref name="Shoah">[http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/microsoft%20word%20-%207460.pdf "Sighet Marmației"] at the Shoah Resource Center of Yad Vashem; accessed June 15, 2013</ref> Among the deportees was Sighet native and future [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate [[Elie Wiesel]].<ref name="Chmiel"/> In 1947, there were some 2,300 Jews in Sighet, including survivors and a considerable number of Jews from other parts of Romania.<ref name="Shoah"/> By 2002, the town had 20 remaining Jews.<ref>[http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=1623 "Sighetu Marmației"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130616045946/http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=1623 |date=2013-06-16 }} at the [http://adatbank.transindex.ro/ Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank]'s [http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/ ''Recensământ 2002''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320124003/http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/ |date=2012-03-20 }}; accessed June 15, 2013</ref>


The [[Paris Peace Treaties, 1947|Treaty of Paris]] at the end of [[World War II]] voided the Vienna Awards, and Sighetu Marmației, administered by Romania since October 1944, formally returned to the country in 1947.
The [[Paris Peace Treaties, 1947|Treaty of Paris]] at the end of [[World War II]] voided the Vienna Awards, and Sighetu Marmației, administered by Romania since October 1944, formally returned to the country in 1947.
Line 131: Line 131:
{{commons category|Sighetu Marmației}}
{{commons category|Sighetu Marmației}}
* [http://www.sighet.net/ Photos and Images of Sighetu Marmației]
* [http://www.sighet.net/ Photos and Images of Sighetu Marmației]
* [http://photos.mavericksonlineden.com/thumbnails.php?album=133 Photos of Sighetu Marmației]
* [http://photos.mavericksonlineden.com/thumbnails.php?album=133 Photos of Sighetu Marmației]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.sighet.ro Sighetu Marmației]
* [http://www.sighet.ro Sighetu Marmației]
* [http://karpaty.prygl.net/sighet.php Sighetu Marmației]
* [http://karpaty.prygl.net/sighet.php Sighetu Marmației]

Revision as of 08:57, 29 November 2017

"Sighet" redirects here. For the Hasidic dynasty, see Siget (Hasidic dynasty).
Sighetu Marmației
Municipality
Town Hall
Town Hall
UTC+3 (EEST)
ClimateDfb
Websitehttp://www.primaria-sighet.ro/

Sighetu Marmației (Romanian pronunciation:

Iza River, in northwestern Romania
.

Geography

Sighetu Marmației is situated along the Tisa river on the border with Ukraine, across from the Ukrainian town of Solotvyno. Neighboring communities include: Sarasău, Săpânța, Câmpulung la Tisa, Ocna Șugatag, Giulești, Vadu Izei, Rona de Jos and Bocicoiu Mare communities in Romania, Bila Cerkva community and the Solotvyno township in Ukraine (Zakarpattia Oblast). The city administers five villages: Iapa (Kabolapatak), Lazu Baciului (Bácsiláz), Șugău (Sugó), Valea Cufundoasă (Mélypatak) and Valea Hotarului (Határvölgy).

The city's name derives from Hungarian name which means "island in

Máramaros
".

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1910 21,370—    
1930 27,270+27.6%
1948 18,329−32.8%
1956 22,361+22.0%
1966 29,771+33.1%
1977 38,146+28.1%
1992 44,185+15.8%
2002 41,246−6.7%
2011 37,640−8.7%
Source: Census data

The city has 37,640 inhabitants.[1]

According to the 1910 census, the city had 21,370 inhabitants; these consisted of 17,542 (82.1%) Hungarian speakers, 2,002 (9.4%) Romanian, 1,257 (5.9%) German, and 32 Ruthenian speakers. The number of Jews was 7,981; they were included in the Hungarian and German language groups. There were 5,850 Greek Catholics and 4,901 Roman Catholics.[2]

History

Inhabited since the

comitatus, just outside Transylvania
.

After the defeat at the

King Charles III
returned Máramaros County to his Hungarian domain.

During the early centuries of the Kingdom of Hungary Vlachs and Rusyns were settled in the sparsely populated county and later a sizable Jewish community formed through immigration and the town became a center of cultural and political life of these communities. The Jewish community was led by the Teitelbaum family — a scion of which would later lead the present-day

Satmar Hasidic community.[citation needed
]

1918 saw the

Allied Powers accepted the Romanian demands and Transylvania including Máramaros County was formally ceded to Romania in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920.[citation needed
]

In 1919, six Romanian schools opened in Sighet: a boys' high school, a girls' high school, a boys' elementary school, a co-ed commercial gymnasium, and two commercial high schools (one for boys, the other for girls). The Maramureș ethnographic museum opened in the cultural palace in 1926. During the interwar period, over twenty newspapers appeared in the town, as well as a number of literary reviews. As a result of the August 1940 Second Vienna Award during World War II, it came under Hungarian administration during the war.[3]

A first deportation of Jews from Sighet took place in 1942.[4] The second occurred after Passover 1944, so that by April, the town's ghetto contained close to 13,000 Jews from Sighet itself and the neighboring places of Dragomirești, Ocna Șugatag and Vișeu de Sus. Between May 16 and 22, the ghetto was liquidated in four transports, its inhabitants sent to Auschwitz concentration camp.[5] Among the deportees was Sighet native and future Nobel Peace Prize laureate Elie Wiesel.[4] In 1947, there were some 2,300 Jews in Sighet, including survivors and a considerable number of Jews from other parts of Romania.[5] By 2002, the town had 20 remaining Jews.[6]

The Treaty of Paris at the end of World War II voided the Vienna Awards, and Sighetu Marmației, administered by Romania since October 1944, formally returned to the country in 1947.

In 1948, the new

Romanian Revolution, it gradually fell upon hard times, with nine private firms employing some 3500 in 2012.[8] A second important employer during the Communist period was a textile factory.[9]

In May 2014 a commemoration was held in honor of the 70th anniversary of the deportations in May 1944. Events included a Klezmer concert, Sabbath services in the one remaining synagogue, a memorial service at the Holocaust Monument at the site of the deportations,[10] as well as an exhibit on life in Sighet prior to the deportations. The exhibit contained contributions by survivors and their families.[11] Additionally, visits were organized to the Jewish Cemetery as well as the Holocaust Museum located in the childhood home of Elie Wiesel.

Sighet prison

Main article:
Sighet prison
Coat of arms during the Socialist Republic.

After the establishment of the

museum, part of the Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance
.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania

Twin towns — Sister cities

Sighetu Marmației is

twinned
with:

Natives

See also

Image gallery

  • Eli Wiesel house in Sighet
    Eli Wiesel
    house in Sighet
  • The only surviving synagogue in Sighet
    The only surviving synagogue in Sighet

References

  1. ^ 2011 census data
  2. ISBN 963-85683-4-8
  3. ^ a b Template:Ro icon "Istoricul localității" at the Sighetu Marmației City Hall site; accessed June 15, 2013
  4. ^
    ISBN 1566398576
  5. ^ a b "Sighet Marmației" at the Shoah Resource Center of Yad Vashem; accessed June 15, 2013
  6. ^ "Sighetu Marmației" Archived 2013-06-16 at archive.today at the Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank's Recensământ 2002 Archived 2012-03-20 at the Wayback Machine; accessed June 15, 2013
  7. ^ Template:Ro icon "Momente din istoria orașului" at the Sighetu Marmației City Hall site; accessed June 13, 2014
  8. ^ Template:Ro icon "Sighetenii sărbătoresc 50 de ani de la înființarea Combinatului de Industrializare a Lemnului (CIL)", sight-online.ro, October 10, 2012; accessed June 13, 2014
  9. ^ Template:Ro icon "Economia" at the Sighetu Marmației City Hall site; accessed June 13, 2014
  10. ^ "Commemorations of Deportations from Sighet, Romania". Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  11. ^ "Deportations from Sighet Maramures". Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  12. ^ Vacca, Maria Luisa. "Comune di Napoli -Gemellaggi" [Naples - Twin Towns]. Comune di Napoli (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2013-08-08.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sighetu Marmației.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu_Marmației&oldid=812692157"