List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China: Difference between revisions

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| width=10%|<small>2 January</small> 1965<ref>{{Cite news
| width=10%|<small>2 January</small> 1965<ref>{{Cite news
| title =National People's Congress Notice 1
|title = National People's Congress Notice 1
| work = People's Daily
|work = People's Daily
| accessdate = 2013-11-24
|accessdate = 2013-11-24
| date = 3 January 1965
|date = 3 January 1965
| url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/15/content_2093447.htm
|url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/15/content_2093447.htm
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140130094110/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/15/content_2093447.htm
|archivedate = 30 January 2014
|df =
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
| width=10%|<small>31 October</small> 1968<ref>{{Cite news
| width=10%|<small>31 October</small> 1968<ref>{{Cite news
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| Himself
| Himself
|-
|-
|colspan="5"| <small>During his term in office, Hu reintroduced state control in some sectors of the economy that were relaxed by the [[Jiang Zemin|previous administration]], and has been conservative with political reforms.<ref>{{cite news|last=Luard |first=Tim |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4165209.stm |title=BBC:China's Leader shows his stripes. 11 January 2005 |publisher=BBC News |date=11 January 2005 |accessdate=13 March 2010}}</ref> Along with his colleague, [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]] [[Wen Jiabao]], Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and development that cemented China as a [[Great power|major world power]]. He sought to improve socio-economic equality domestically through the [[Scientific Development Concept]], which aimed to build a "[[Socialist Harmonious Society]]" that was prosperous and free of social conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esnips.com/doc/907de9f2-a212-46b3-9efe-d23813bc03f3/Kuhn-Media-Press-Hu-Jintao.pdf |title=Kuhn, Robert Lawrence: Hu's Political Philosophies |publisher=Esnips.com |date= |accessdate=13 March 2010}}</ref> In foreign policy, Hu advocated for "[[China's peaceful rise|China's peaceful development]]", pursuing [[soft power]] in international relations and a business-oriented approach to diplomacy. Through Hu's tenure, China's influence in [[Africa]], [[Latin America]], and other developing countries has increased.<ref>[https://monitor.worldsavvy.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=126&Itemid=184 World Savvy Monitor: China and the World - A foreign policy overview]</ref> Served as [[Vice President of the People's Republic of China|Vice President]] (1998–2003), [[Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission]] (1999-2005).
|colspan="5"| <small>During his term in office, Hu reintroduced state control in some sectors of the economy that were relaxed by the [[Jiang Zemin|previous administration]], and has been conservative with political reforms.<ref>{{cite news|last=Luard |first=Tim |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4165209.stm |title=BBC:China's Leader shows his stripes. 11 January 2005 |publisher=BBC News |date=11 January 2005 |accessdate=13 March 2010}}</ref> Along with his colleague, [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]] [[Wen Jiabao]], Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and development that cemented China as a [[Great power|major world power]]. He sought to improve socio-economic equality domestically through the [[Scientific Development Concept]], which aimed to build a "[[Socialist Harmonious Society]]" that was prosperous and free of social conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esnips.com/doc/907de9f2-a212-46b3-9efe-d23813bc03f3/Kuhn-Media-Press-Hu-Jintao.pdf |title=Kuhn, Robert Lawrence: Hu's Political Philosophies |publisher=Esnips.com |date= |accessdate=13 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325103630/http://www.esnips.com/doc/907de9f2-a212-46b3-9efe-d23813bc03f3/Kuhn-Media-Press-Hu-Jintao.pdf |archivedate=25 March 2009 |df= }}</ref> In foreign policy, Hu advocated for "[[China's peaceful rise|China's peaceful development]]", pursuing [[soft power]] in international relations and a business-oriented approach to diplomacy. Through Hu's tenure, China's influence in [[Africa]], [[Latin America]], and other developing countries has increased.<ref>[https://monitor.worldsavvy.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=126&Itemid=184 World Savvy Monitor: China and the World - A foreign policy overview]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Served as [[Vice President of the People's Republic of China|Vice President]] (1998–2003), [[Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission]] (1999-2005).
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Revision as of 00:57, 27 December 2017

Not to be confused with
List of Presidents of the Republic of China or List of premiers of the People's Republic of China
.
To avoid confusion, all the names on this list follow the
Eastern order convention
 (family name first, personal name second) for consistency.

This is a list of the

People's Republic of China
.

The office, called 国家主席 (Guójiā Zhǔxí) in Chinese, was created in 1954 when the 1st Constitution consolidated the system of government in the People's Republic of China. At the time, the title was translated into English as State Chairman. The position was abolished between 1975 and 1982 with the functions of head of state being performed by the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The presidency was revived under the fourth constitution in 1982.

List

Generations of leadership

  First Administration   Second Administration   Third Administration   Hu–Wen Administration   

Xi–Li Administration

Central People's Government
(1949–1954)

Chairman of the Central People's Government
Portrait Name
(Lifespan) 		Term of office Vice Chairmen
Paramount leader
– Mao Zedong
毛泽东
(1893–1976) 		1 October 1949 27 September 1954 Zhu De
Liu Shaoqi
Soong Ching-ling
Li Jishen
Zhang Lan
Gao Gang 		Himself

The 1st Constitution (1954–1975)

Chairman of the People's Republic of China
Portrait Name
(Lifespan)
Constituency 		Term of office NPC Vice Chairmen
Paramount leader
1 Mao Zedong
毛泽东
(1893–1976)
Beijing At-large 		27 September 1954 27 April 1959 I Zhu De Mao Zedong
2 Liu Shaoqi
刘少奇
(1898–1969)
Beijing At-large 		27 April 1959 3 January 1965 II Soong Ching-ling
Dong Biwu
2 January 1965[1] 31 October 1968[2] III
– Dong Biwu
董必武
(1886–1975)
Hubei At-large 		24 February 1972 17 January 1975 III Vacancy by ascension[citation needed]

The 2nd and 3rd Constitutions (1975–1982)

Further information: Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Portrait Name
(Lifespan)
Constituency 		Term of office NPC Vice Chairmen
Paramount leader
– Zhu De
朱德
(1886–1976)
Sichuan At-large 		17 January 1975 6 July 1976 IV Soong Ching-ling[3]
Dong Biwu[3] (died 2 April 1975)
and others 		Mao Zedong
– Soong Ching-ling
宋庆龄
(1893–1981)
Shanghai At-large 		6 July 1976 5 March 1978 IV Mao Zedong
Hua Guofeng
After Zhu De's death, Soong Ching-ling served as acting Chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the remainder of the 4th National People's Congress's term.[
Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang
.
– Ye Jianying
叶剑英
(1897–1986)
PLA 		5 March 1978 18 June 1983 V Soong Ching-ling
and others 		Hua Guofeng
Deng Xiaoping
Honorary Chairwoman of the People's Republic of China
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Constituency 		Term of office NPC Notes
– Soong Ching-ling
宋庆龄
(1893–1981)
Shanghai At-large 		16 May 1981 28 May 1981 V Shortly before her death, Soong Ching-ling,a member of Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang was named Honorary Chairwoman of the People's Republic of China.

The
4th Constitution
(1983–present)

President of the People's Republic of China
Portrait Name
(Lifespan)
Constituency 		Term of office NPC - (Election) Vice President
Paramount leader
3 Li Xiannian
李先念
(1909–1992)
Hubei At-large 		18 June 1983 8 April 1988 VI - (62.5%) Ulanhu Deng Xiaoping
He started reforms in foreign policy and China began opening to the world. He was first Chinese president who visited USA. He was also the first state president who officially visited
Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC.[4]
4 Yang Shangkun
杨尚昆
(1907–1998)
PLA 		9 April 1988 27 March 1993 VII - (66.8%) Wang Zhen Deng Xiaoping
Yang promoted economic reform but opposed political liberalization, a position which
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, but his organized opposition to Jiang Zemin's leadership led Deng to force Yang to retire. Served as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
(1983-1993).
5 Jiang Zemin
江泽民
(born 1926)
Shanghai At-large 		27 March 1993 15 March 1998 VIII - (68.4%) Rong Yiren Himself
15 March 1998 15 March 2003 IX - (71.5%) Hu Jintao Himself
Under his leadership, China experienced substantial developmental growth with
Macau from Portugal, and improved its relations with the outside world while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the government. Jiang has been criticized for being too concerned about his personal image at home, and too conciliatory towards Russia and the United States abroad.[5] Served as Minister of Electronic Industries (1983–1985), Mayor of Shanghai
(1985–1989).
6 Hu Jintao
胡锦涛
(born 1942)
Tibet At-large (until 2008)
Jiangsu At-large (from 2008) 		15 March 2003 15 March 2008 X - (72.9%) Zeng Qinghong Himself
15 March 2008 14 March 2013 XI - (70.27%) Xi Jinping Himself
During his term in office, Hu reintroduced state control in some sectors of the economy that were relaxed by the
Socialist Harmonious Society" that was prosperous and free of social conflict.[7] In foreign policy, Hu advocated for "China's peaceful development", pursuing soft power in international relations and a business-oriented approach to diplomacy. Through Hu's tenure, China's influence in Africa, Latin America, and other developing countries has increased.[8] Served as Vice President (1998–2003), Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
(1999-2005).
7 Xi Jinping
习近平
(born 1953)
Shanghai At-large 		14 March 2013 Incumbent XII - (72.21%) Li Yuanchao Himself
Served as Vice President (2008–2013), Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission (2010-2013).

Living Former Presidents

As of May 2024, there are two living former presidents:

President Term of office Date of birth
Jiang Zemin 1993–2003 (1926-08-17) August 17, 1926 (age 97)
Hu Jintao 2003–2013 (1942-12-21) December 21, 1942 (age 81)

See also

References

  1. ^ "National People's Congress Notice 1". People's Daily. 3 January 1965. Archived from the original on 30 January 2014. Retrieved 2013-11-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Communique of the expanded 12th plenary session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China". People's Daily Online. 3 January 1965. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
  3. ^
    ISBN 7218052649
    .
  4. ^ Anderson, Kurt (7 May 1984). "History Beckons Again". Time. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  5. ^ Tomoyuki Kojima. China's Omnidirectional Diplomacy: Cooperation with all, Emphasis on Major Powers. Asia-Pacific Review, 1469–2937, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2001
  6. ^ Luard, Tim (11 January 2005). "BBC:China's Leader shows his stripes. 11 January 2005". BBC News. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
  7. ^ "Kuhn, Robert Lawrence: Hu's Political Philosophies" (PDF). Esnips.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ World Savvy Monitor: China and the World - A foreign policy overview[permanent dead link]
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