Bab-el-Mandeb: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 12°35′N 43°20′E / 12.583°N 43.333°E / 12.583; 43.333
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According to [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] tradition, the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb were witness to the earliest migrations of Semitic [[Ge'ez]] speakers into Africa, occurring {{circa|lk=no|1900}} BC, roughly around the same time as the Hebrew patriarch [[Jacob]].<ref>[http://www.eotc-patriarch.org/teachings.htm Official website of EOTC] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625174828/http://www.eotc-patriarch.org/teachings.htm |date=June 25, 2010}}</ref> The [[Kingdom of Aksum]] was a major regional power in the [[Horn of Africa]]. It extended its rule across the strait with the conquest of the [[Himyarite Kingdom]] shortly before the [[rise of Islam]].
According to [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] tradition, the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb were witness to the earliest migrations of Semitic [[Ge'ez]] speakers into Africa, occurring {{circa|lk=no|1900}} BC, roughly around the same time as the Hebrew patriarch [[Jacob]].<ref>[http://www.eotc-patriarch.org/teachings.htm Official website of EOTC] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625174828/http://www.eotc-patriarch.org/teachings.htm |date=June 25, 2010}}</ref> The [[Kingdom of Aksum]] was a major regional power in the [[Horn of Africa]]. It extended its rule across the strait with the conquest of the [[Himyarite Kingdom]] shortly before the [[rise of Islam]].


The [[East India Company|British East India Company]] unilaterally seized the island of [[Perim]] in 1799 on behalf of its [[British India|Indian empire]]. The government of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] re-asserted its ownership in 1857 and erected a lighthouse there in 1861, using it to command the [[Red Sea]] and the trade routes through the Suez Canal.<ref name="EB 1878, 179"/> It was used as a coaling station to refuel steamships until 1935, when the reduced use of coal as fuel rendered the operation unprofitable.<ref name="Gavin, p. 291">Gavin, p. 291.</ref>
The [[East India Company|British East India Company]] unilaterally seized the island of [[Perim]] in 1799 on behalf of its [[British India|Indian empire]]. The government of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] re-asserted its ownership in 1857 and erected a lighthouse there in 1861, using it to command the [[Red Sea]] and the trade routes through the Suez Canal.<ref name="EB 1878, 179"/> It was used as a coaling station to refuel steamships until 1935 when the reduced use of coal as fuel rendered the operation unprofitable.<ref name="Gavin, p. 291">Gavin, p. 291.</ref>


The British presence continued until 1967 when the island became part of the [[South Yemen|People's Republic of South Yemen]]. Before the handover, the British government had put forward before the United Nations a proposal for the island to be internationalised<ref>Fred Halliday, ''Revolution and Foreign Policy, the Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987''. Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 11.</ref><ref name="Hakim, pp. 17-18">Hakim, pp. 17-18.</ref> as a way to ensure continued security of passage and navigation in the Bab-el-Mandeb, but this was refused.
The British presence continued until 1967 when the island became part of the [[South Yemen|People's Republic of South Yemen]]. Before the handover, the British government had put forward before the United Nations a proposal for the island to be internationalised<ref>Fred Halliday, ''Revolution and Foreign Policy, the Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987''. Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 11.</ref><ref name="Hakim, pp. 17-18">Hakim, pp. 17-18.</ref> as a way to ensure the continued security of passage and navigation in the Bab-el-Mandeb, but this was refused.


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Revision as of 21:05, 30 August 2020

"Gate of Grief" redirects here. For the album by White Ring, see Gate of Grief (album).
Bab-el-Mandeb
Bab-el-Mandeb area with description.
Coordinates12°35′N 43°20′E / 12.583°N 43.333°E / 12.583; 43.333
Basin countriesDjibouti, Eritrea and Yemen
Max. length31 mi (50 km)
Min. width16 mi (26 km)
Average depth−609 ft (−186 m)
IslandsSeven Brothers, Doumeira, Perim

The Bab-el-Mandeb (

Arabic: باب المندب, lit. "Gate of Tears")[1] is a strait located between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden
.

Name

Bathymetric map of the Red Sea
with the Bab-el-Mandeb at the bottom right

The strait derives its name from the dangers attending its navigation or, according to an Arab legend, from the numbers who were drowned by an earthquake that separated the Arabian Peninsula from the Horn of Africa.[1]

Geography

The Bab-el-Mandeb acts as a strategic link between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. In 2006, an estimated 3.3 million barrels (520,000 m3) of oil passed through the strait per day, out of a world total of about 43 million barrels per day (6,800,000 m3/d) moved by tankers.[2]

The distance across is about 20 miles (30 km) from

Seven Brothers". There is a surface current inwards in the eastern channel, but a strong undercurrent outwards in the western channel.[1]

History

Flows of petroleum products and liquefied natural gas through the strait, 2014–2018

Paleo-environmental and

modern humans
. It is presumed that the oceans were then much lower and the straits were much shallower or dry, which allowed a series of emigrations along the southern coast of Asia.

According to

rise of Islam
.

The

Indian empire. The government of Britain re-asserted its ownership in 1857 and erected a lighthouse there in 1861, using it to command the Red Sea and the trade routes through the Suez Canal.[1] It was used as a coaling station to refuel steamships until 1935 when the reduced use of coal as fuel rendered the operation unprofitable.[6]

The British presence continued until 1967 when the island became part of the People's Republic of South Yemen. Before the handover, the British government had put forward before the United Nations a proposal for the island to be internationalised[7][8] as a way to ensure the continued security of passage and navigation in the Bab-el-Mandeb, but this was refused.

On February 22, 2008, a company owned by

COWI in collaboration with architect studio Dissing+Weitling
, both from Denmark. It was announced in 2010 that Phase 1 had been delayed and as of mid-2016 nothing more has been heard about the project.

Sub-region

The Bab-el-Mandeb is also a

sub-region in the Arab League, which includes Djibouti, Yemen, and Eritrea.[citation needed
]

Demographics

Bab-el-Mandeb:[11]
Country
Area

(km2)
Population

(2016 est.)
Population density

(per km2)
Capital
 GDP (PPP) $M USD GDP per capita (PPP) $ USD
Djibouti Djibouti 23,200 846,687 37.2 Djibouti City $3.327 $3,351
Eritrea Eritrea 117,600 6,380,803 51.8 Asmara $9.121 $1,314
Yemen Yemen 527,829 27,392,779 44.7
Sana'a
 $58,202 $2,249
Total 668,629 34,620,269 29.3 / km2 Various $70,650 $1841

Population centers

The most significant towns and cities along both the Djiboutian and Yemeni sides of the Bab-el-Mandeb

Djibouti

Yemen

See also

Strait:

Region:

References

  1. ^ a b c d Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Bab-el-Mandeb" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 179
  2. ^ World Oil Transit Chokepoints Archived February 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Energy Information Administration, US Department of Energy
  3. ISBN 9781402097263
    .
  4. ^ Climate in Earth History. National Academies. 1982. p. 124.
  5. ^ Official website of EOTC Archived June 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Gavin, p. 291.
  7. ^ Fred Halliday, Revolution and Foreign Policy, the Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987. Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 11.
  8. ^ Hakim, pp. 17-18.
  9. ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Tarek Bin Laden's Red Sea bridge
  10. ^ Tom Sawyer (May 1, 2007). "Notice-to-Proceed Launches Ambitious Red Sea Crossing". Engineering News-Record.
  11. ^ "CIA World Factbook". The World Factbook. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bab-el-Mandeb.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bab-el-Mandeb&oldid=975867051"