Djibouti City
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Djibouti
| |
---|---|
Capital | |
UTC+3 (East Africa Time) | |
Area code | +253 |
ISO 3166 code | DJ-DJ |
HDI (2018) | 0.504[1] low |
Djibouti (also called Djibouti City and Jibuti in early Western texts)[a] is the capital of Djibouti. It is located in the coastal Djibouti Region on the Gulf of Tadjoura.
Djibouti has a population of around 600,000 inhabitants,
History
There is evidence of human settlement on the eastern coastline of Djibouti dating back to the Bronze Age.
From 1862 until 1894, the land to the north of the
The French subsequently founded Djibouti in 1888, in a previously
Although the initial French efforts to establish commercial influence in the region proved to be unsuccessful enough to require a
During the
The
In 1946,
In August 1966, an official visit to the territory by then
The population of Djibouti was growing rapidly, from officially about 17,000 inhabitants in 1947. In 1949, the plan of Djibouti consisted of four main features: a hierarchical system of streets laid out in a grid, large blocks consisting of small-scale domestic dwellings, the organization of these blocks around central open spaces, and the concentration of cultural institutions to form a civic center. It then became the headquarters of the succeeding
When Djibouti declared Independence on 27 June 1977, the population of Djibouti was over 110,000, the city has served as the administrative and commercial capital of the Republic of Djibouti.[18]
Climate
Djibouti has an
This climate zone has summers that reach a maximum temperature of 41.7 °C (107.1 °F) and a minimum temperature of 32 °C (90 °F). Winters have average nighttime temperatures of 21 °C (70 °F) and a daytime maximum temperatures of 29 °C (84 °F). There are barely any days in the year without sunshine, and even during the winter there are many clear days.
Climate data for Djibouti (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 32.1 (89.8) |
32.6 (90.7) |
36.1 (97.0) |
36.4 (97.5) |
44.5 (112.1) |
45.9 (114.6) |
45.9 (114.6) |
45.8 (114.4) |
43.6 (110.5) |
38.3 (100.9) |
34.8 (94.6) |
32.6 (90.7) |
45.9 (114.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.7 (83.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
30.2 (86.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.9 (94.8) |
39.0 (102.2) |
41.7 (107.1) |
41.2 (106.2) |
37.2 (99.0) |
33.1 (91.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
29.3 (84.7) |
33.9 (93.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.1 (77.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
34.2 (93.6) |
36.4 (97.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
33.1 (91.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
26.9 (80.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
29.9 (85.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.4 (77.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
31.1 (88.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.9 (84.0) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | 16.0 (60.8) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10.0 (0.39) |
18.8 (0.74) |
20.3 (0.80) |
28.9 (1.14) |
16.7 (0.66) |
0.1 (0.00) |
6.2 (0.24) |
5.6 (0.22) |
3.1 (0.12) |
20.2 (0.80) |
22.4 (0.88) |
11.2 (0.44) |
163.5 (6.44) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 15 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
74 | 73 | 73 | 75 | 70 | 57 | 43 | 46 | 60 | 67 | 71 | 71 | 65 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 243.9 | 218.7 | 262.4 | 274.0 | 314.7 | 283.5 | 259.0 | 276.8 | 278.7 | 296.7 | 285.8 | 271.6 | 3,265.8 |
Source 1: Hong Kong Observatory (temperature and rainfall),[20] NOAA (sunshine and records)[21] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (rainy days 1968–1986, humidity 1953–1970)[22] |
Climate data for Djibouti | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average sea temperature °C (°F) | 26.0 (79.0) |
26.0 (79.0) |
27.0 (81.0) |
28.0 (82.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
31.0 (88.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.0 (84.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
28.0 (82.0) |
27.0 (81.0) |
28.5 (83.3) |
Mean daily daylight hours | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 12.2 |
Average Ultraviolet index | 10 | 11+ | 11+ | 11+ | 11+ | 11+ | 11+ | 11+ | 11+ | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10.7 |
Source: Weather Atlas[23] |
Demographics
Foreign-born populations | |
---|---|
Country of birth | Population (2015) |
Somalia | 55,645 |
Ethiopia | 44,821 |
Yemen | 35,900 |
Oman | 30,900 |
France | 7,112 |
United States | 715 |
India | 691 |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1916 | 17,981 | — |
1930 | 22,046 | +22.6% |
1940 | 27,987 | +26.9% |
1950 | 35,564 | +27.1% |
1960 | 39,962 | +12.4% |
1965 | 50,071 | +25.3% |
1970 | 70,100 | +40.0% |
1977 | 110,248 | +57.3% |
1982 | 149,316 | +35.4% |
1987 | 230,891 | +54.6% |
1992 | 279,912 | +21.2% |
1999 | 312,447 | +11.6% |
2003 | 379,353 | +21.4% |
2005 | 452,447 | +19.3% |
2012 | 496,013 | +9.6% |
2015 | 529,000 | +6.7% |
2018 | 603,900 | +14.2% |
Djibouti is a multi-ethnic town. It has a population of around 603,900 residents (Djiboutians) in 2018, making it by far the largest settlement in the country.
The majority of local residents speak
Arabic is of social, cultural and religious importance. In formal settings, it consists of
Djibouti's population is predominantly
Religion
Among the
Administration
Djibouti has the distinction of being both a city and an administrative province. The Djibouti Region is one of the six regions of Djibouti. It borders the Gulf of Tadjoura and Gulf of Aden to the north and east, and the Arta Region to the south and west. The Djibouti Region is the smallest province in the country, but contains the national capital, Djibouti, and thus is the region with the greatest population of people. Djibouti Region occupies an area of 200 square kilometres (77 square miles).
Local government
The administration of Djibouti City is formed of three municipalities: The commune of Ras-Dika, commune of Boulaos and commune of Balbala. The Djibouti City Council elected members headed by the mayor, who serves a five-year term and appoints deputies. The mayor of Djibouti City, who has executive powers, and the National Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year. They are responsible for most local services, such as local planning, schools, social services, local roads and refuse collection. Certain functions, such as waste management, are provided through joint arrangements.
National government
Djibouti City is the seat of the
Architecture
The architecture of Djibouti reflects the city's history since the early 1890s and is marked by both native
Main sights
Museums, libraries and theatres
The Théâtre des Salines opened in 1965 as an important
The National Archives and Library of Djibouti hosts many artifacts and artistic treasures in Djibouti,[31] it holds many culturally important artefacts, including old coins, bartering tools, traditional artwork, ancient weaponry and pottery items.[32]
Palaces
The presidential palace is the
Institutes
The
Parks
Djibouti has several public parks. The largest of these is the Lagarde Park.
Economy
Djibouti City economy, like that of
Djibouti City main trading ports, is a trading hub linking
Banking
The banking sector is one of the principal foundations of Djibouti's economy. The financial sector of the Republic of Djibouti has grown dramatically in recent years, a process that began in the early 2000s, and that was in large part prompted by an explosion the number of exchange agencies and remittances throughout the country. The Djiboutian financial sector, with total assets of 265 billion DJF or 10.2 per cent of GDP, has not been affected by the international financial crisis. Djibouti has been considered an oasis of peace and a model of political stability in a region.[35]
Tourism
The two small Maskali and Moucha islands are situated an hour's boat ride from Djibouti. They feature madreporic mangroves, with a rich seabed and colorful algae. Various fish species can also be found in the local coral gardens, including groupers, jacks and barracuda.[36]
Transport
Road
Djibouti is a major transportation hub, served by a comprehensive public transport network. Roads leading out of the city connect it to other national localities and to Somalia and Ethiopia. Public transportation is provided through buses stationed at the Djibouti Bus Service Enterprise. The city at large serves as a point of intersection for the main roads and highways linking different parts of the country. It is one of the most accessible urban areas in the country, where one can find public and private transportation 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. A significant number of the city's residents use the local informal minibuses and taxis, which include a fleet of 400 green-and-white taxis. The main bus hub in Djibouti is the Central Bus Station, located at the crossing of Rue de Bender.
Air
Djibouti is served primarily by the
Sea
The Port of Djibouti is one of the largest and busiest seaports in the Horn region. As of 2013[update], the container terminal at the port handles the bulk of the nation's trade. About 70% of the seaport's activity consists of imports to and exports from neighboring Ethiopia, which depends on the harbour as its main maritime outlet. The port also serves as an international refueling center and transshipment hub.[2] In 2012, the Djiboutian government in collaboration with DP World started construction on the Doraleh Container Terminal,[37] a third major seaport intended to further develop the national transit capacity.[2] A$396 million project, it has the capacity to accommodate 1.5 million 6.1-metre (20 ft) container units annually.[37] There are also daily scheduled ferry services from the Port de Peche to Tadjoura, Obock also some other destinations in Yemen, Somalia and Eritrea.
Railway
Djibouti is a terminus of the
Twin towns – sister cities
Djibouti is
Country | Town |
---|---|
United States | Saint Paul, Minnesota[41] |
Turkey | Ankara[42] |
Ethiopia | Addis Ababa[43] |
Notable residents
- Ayanleh Souleiman: Professional athlete
- Lula Ali Ismaïl: Djiboutian-Canadian film director
- Aïcha Mohamed Robleh: Writer
- Jamal Abdi Dirieh: Athlete
- Fadumo Ahmed Dhimbiil: Musician
- Moumin Guelleh: Athlete
- Abdourahman Waberi: Novelist
- Mohamed Ali Fourchette: Musician
- Yacin Elmi Bouh: Politician
- Xabiiba Balbalaaf: Musician
- Dileita Mohamed Dileita: Former Prime Minister of Djibouti
- Mohamed Ali Mohamed: Politician
- Abdi Waiss Mouhyadin: Athlete
- Choukri Djibah: Politician and Women's equality activist
Notes
References
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Djibouti". The World Factbook. CIA. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- ^ Raph Uwechue, Africa year book and who's who, (Africa Journal Ltd.: 1977), p. 209
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 383.
- ^ a b A Political Chronology of Africa, (Taylor & Francis), p. 132
- ^ "Jibuti" (unsigned article), Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed. (1911), vol. 15, p. 414.
- ^ O.G.S. Crawford, "Some Medieval Theories about the Nile", Geographical Journal, 114 (1949), p. 8
- ^ World Book, Inc, The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 1, (World Book: 2007)
- ^ "Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 86.
- ^ "Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 950.
- ^ "Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 414." (i.e., Djibouti)
- ^ Raugh 1993, pp. 75–76.
- ^ Rovighi 1995, p. 109.
- ^ Ebsworth 1953, p. 568.
- ^ a b Newsweek, Volume 81, (Newsweek: 1973), p.254.
- ^ Jean Strouse, Newsweek, Volume 69, Issues 10–17, (Newsweek: 1967), p.48.
- ^ Alvin J. Cottrell, Robert Michael Burrell, Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies, The Indian Ocean: its political, economic, and military importance, (Praeger: 1972), p.166.
- ISBN 0-19-829645-2
- ^ KNMI Climate explorer, Precipitation totals 1901–2000
- ^ "Climatological Information for Djibouti, Djibouti". Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
- ^ "Djibouti Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Djibouti (Flugh.) / Dschibuti" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ "Djibouti, Djibouti – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
- ^ a b Kevin Anglin, Becca Blond and Jean-Bernard Carillet, Africa on a Shoestring (London: Lonely Planet, 2004), p. 698.
- ^ "Government of Djibouti launches crackdown on 'irregular' migrants". France24. 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ^ a b "Ethnologue, "Languages of Djibouti"". Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ David M. Cheney. "Diocese of Djibouti". Catholic-hierarchy.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 899
- ^ a b "Regional Somali Language Academy Launched in Djibouti". COMESA Regional Investment Agency. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "Le Théâtre des Salines : un lieu mythique". Lanation.dj. 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "Djibouti: a new Library and National Archive building unveiled". Somalidispatch. 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "SOMALI HERITAGE ON DISPLAY IN 5 STAR HOTELS IN DJIBOUTI". Hornheritage. 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ "Contact Us." Djibouti Airlines. 1 June 2006. Retrieved on 20 February 2011. "Republic of Djibuti, Djibuti Airlines Head Office – Place Lagarde"
- ^ "Djibouti ramps up efforts to get seafarers stranded by coronavirus off ships | Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide". www.hellenicshippingnews.com. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ "Banking – National Investment Promotion Agency – INVEST IN DJIBOUTI". Djiboutinvest.com. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- S2CID 85422869.
- ^ a b Bansal, Ridhima. "Current Development Projects and Future Opportunities in Djibouti". Association of African Entrepreneurs. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- ^ Blas, Javier (27 November 2013). "Chinese investment triggers new era of east African rail building". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "Ethiopia has a lot riding on its new, Chinese-built railroad to the sea". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Vaughan, Jenny (10 March 2013). "China's Latest Ethiopian Railway Project Shows Their Growing Global Influence". Agence France Presse. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "St. Paul approves new sister city: Djibouti City – Twin Cities". 16 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ "208 sister cities in 93 countries". Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ^ "Addis Ababa, Djibouti sign MoU on becoming sister cities – Communication and Media – aaca". Addisababa.gov.et. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
Works cited
- Ebsworth, W. A. (1953). "Jibouti and Madagascar in the 1939–45 War". Journal of the Royal United Service Institution. 98 (592): 564–68. .
- Raugh, H. E. (1993). Wavell in the Middle East, 1939–1941: A Study in Generalship. London: Brassey's. ISBN 0-08-040983-0.
- Rovighi (1995). Le operazioni in Africa orientale (giugno 1940 – novembre 1941). Volume II: Documenti. Rome: Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito.
External links
- Media related to Djibouti (city) at Wikimedia Commons
- Djibouti (city) travel guide from Wikivoyage