Spinodares

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Spinodares
Spinodares jenningsi, female paratype
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Phasmatodea
Family: Heteropterygidae
Tribe: Datamini
Genus: Spinodares
Bragg, 1998
Species:
S. jenningsi
Binomial name
Spinodares jenningsi
Bragg, 1998

Spinodares is a

monotypic stick insect genus endemic to Borneo, containing Spinodares jenningsi as the only valid species.[1]

Description

The females reach 42.5 to 46 millimetres (1.67 to 1.81 in) in length. The body and legs are colored medium to dark brown. Lighter shades of brown are mainly found in raised areas of the body. In the Pelagus River specimens, an orange-brown line is described running along the 8.5 millimetres (0.33 in) long

mesopleura, one small, mediolateral, and one very large above. There are two tubercles at its base. Two pairs of large tubercles are on the posterior edge of the mesonotum, surrounded laterally by three to four smaller ones. The metapleura bear a very large supraoxal spine between two very small ones. The median segment is almost indistinguishable from metanotum. There the longitudinal crest branches into a pair of large, posterior tubercles. In the case of abdominal segments two to four and six and seven, the longitudinal crest divides in front of their posterior edge in order to unite again at the edge itself and form a triangular structure there. On the fifth segment, this structure is greatly enlarged, forming a three-lobed area. At the posterior edge of the eighth segment, the longitudinal crest forms a small triangular pyramid.[2][3][4]

The only male documented to date measures 324 millimetres (12.8 in). A lighter line along the middle of the body on an otherwise brown coloration was also described in this male. The head is 3.5 times as long as it is wide. The supratennals are formed as spines. On the back of the head is a crown consisting of three coronal spines on both sides. The anterior coronals are the smallest and point forward, the middle ones are prominent and thick, while the posterior ones are long and pointed. On the pronotum there are short spikes in front behind the anterior edge, more in the middle and a third pair just before the rear edge. Two large triangular spines are present on the mesonotum in front, the tips of which are connected by a concave bulge. The light midline is elevated and extends from the mesonotum through the metanoum to far into the abdomen. On the mesonotum, this divides backwards and is surrounded by a triangular area. On the metanotum it is indistinctly forked backwards. On the second to fourth abdominal segments it is bifurcated forwards and backwards, with the anterior bifurcation becoming increasingly indistinct from segment to segment. The rear furcation is sharply raised on the fifth segment and progressively round rather than triangular on the sixth through ninth.[4][5]

The eggs are dark brown, cuboid and unique among the Datamini due to the three concave dents on both lateral sides. With a height of 2.2 millimetres (0.087 in) and a width of 1.6 millimetres (0.063 in), they are 3.7 millimetres (0.15 in) long and twice as long as they are wide. The surface is covered with numerous hairs, most numerous in the pole and lid area, while very few are found on the lateral surfaces. The lid is oval.[2][3][4]

Distribution area

Spinodares jenningsi is documented from several localities scattered across Borneo. For example, females were found in a logging camp on the Pelagus River

Malaysian state of Sarawak. Further females have been found in Mulu in northern Sarawak.[4] A male was collected at Bukit Raya at an altitude of about 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in the Schwaner mountain range in the north of the Indonesian province Central Kalimantan.[5]

Taxonomy

Zoological Museum in Hamburg that had originally been stored in alcohol. It was collected by H. Winkler between July 18 and 23, 1924 on Bgatla Raja (today Bukit Raya), the highest mountain in the Schwaner mountain range.[5]

References

  1. ^ Brock, P. D.; Büscher, T. H. & Baker, E. W.: Phasmida Species File Online. Version 5.0./5.0 (access date 10 September 2022)
  2. ^ a b c d Bragg, P. E.: A revision of the Heteropteryginae (Insecta: Phasmida: Bacillidae) of Borneo, with the description of a new genus and ten new species, Zool. Verh. Leiden 316, 31.iii., 1998, pp. 7, 86-87 & 96, pic. 96, 97, 119 & 150, ISSN 0024-1652, ISBN 90-73239-61-3
  3. ^ a b c d Bragg, P. E.: Phasmids of Borneo, Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, 2001, pp. 125 & 185–188, ISBN 983-812-027-8
  4. ^ a b c d Seow-Choen, F.: A Taxonomic Guide to the Stick Insects of Borneo, Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, 2016, pp.374 & 403–404, ISBN 978-983-812-169-9
  5. ^ a b c Zompro, O.: Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Goecke & Evers Verlag, Keltern 2004, ISBN 3-931374-39-4, pp. 218–219 & 226–227.
  6. ^ Chien C. Lee: picture of a female, 21 November 2015

External links

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