State Space Agency of Ukraine
This article needs to be updated.(July 2019) |
Державне космічне агентство України | |
Ocean Odyssey (under lease) | |
Annual budget | $80.4 million (2019)[1] |
---|---|
Website | www.nkau.gov.ua |
The State Space Agency of Ukraine (SSAU;
The State Space Agency of Ukraine does not specialize in crewed astronautical programs. It is the second of two direct Soviet space program descendants. The Ukrainian city of Dnipro, also known as the Rocket City, during Soviet period was one of the Soviet space rocket manufacturing centers, while the cities of Kyiv and Kharkiv provided various other technological support. Those remnants of the Soviet space program in Ukraine were reorganized into their own space agency. The agency does not have its own spaceport and until 2014, depended on the resources of the Russian Federal Space Agency (the primary inheritor of the Soviet space program).
Before December 9, 2010, the agency was known as Національне космічне агентство України, НКАУ, the National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU)[2]
Before 2014, launches were conducted at
Ukrainian spacecraft include a few kinds for domestic and foreign use and international cooperation. Ukraine has supplied Russia with military satellites and their launch vehicles, a unique relationship in the world.
Main tasks
- Development of state policy concepts in the sphere of research and peaceful uses of space, as well as in the interests of national security;
- Organization and development of space activities in Ukraine and under its jurisdiction abroad;
- Contributing to state national security and defense capability;
- Organization and development of Ukraine's cooperation with other states and international space organizations.
SSAU is a civil body in charge of co-ordinating the efforts of government installations, research, and industrial companies (mostly state-owned). Several space-related institutes and industries are directly subordinated to SSAU. However, it is not a united and centralized system immediately participating in all stages and details of space programs (like
The agency oversees
Space program
Space activities in Ukraine have been pursued over a 10-year span in strict accordance with National Space Programs. Each of them was intended to address the relevant current issues to preserve and further develop the space potential of Ukraine. The First Program (1993–1997) was called upon to keep up the research and industrial space-related potentiality for the benefit of the national economy and state security as well as to be able to break into the international market of space services. The Second Program (1998–2002) was aimed at creating an internal market of space services, conquering the international space markets by presenting in-house products and services (including launch complexes and spacecraft, space-acquired data, space system components) and integrating Ukraine into the worldwide space community.
The National Space Program of Ukraine for 2003-2007 (NSPU), which was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (the Parliament of Ukraine) on October 24, 2002, outlines the main goals, assignments, priorities, and methods of maintaining space activity in Ukraine.
The Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers announced its plans on 13 April 2007 to allocate 312 million euros to the National Space Program for 2007–2011.
Specific programs
- Scientific space research
- Remote sensing of the Earth
- Satellite telecommunication systems
- Development of ground-based infrastructure for navigation and special information system
- Space activities in the interests of national security and defense
- Space complexes
- Development of base elements and advanced space technologies
- Development of research, test and production base of the space sector
Goals of the program
- To develop a national system for Earth observation from outer space to meet the national demands in the social economic sphere and for security and defense purposes
- To introduce satellite systems and communication facilities into the telecommunication infrastructure of the state
- To obtain new fundamental knowledge on near-Earth outer space, the solar system, deep space, biological and physical processes and the microgravity condition
- To create and develop techniques for space access with a view toward realizing national and international projects and to enable the home-made rocket to be employed on the worldwide market of space transportation services
- To elaborate the advanced space facilities
- To ensure the innovative development of the space sector in terms of improving its research, experimental and production basis
History
The agency is a minor descendant of the
In 1954, the Soviet government transformed the car producer
As of April 2009, the Ukrainian National Space Agency was planning to launch a Ukrainian communications satellite by September 2011 and a Sich-2 before the end of 2011.[3]
The Ukrainian built
The first stage of the U.S.
National enterprises of the space industry
Most of the enterprises are located in Dnipro or Kyiv
- Dnipro
- State Enterprise Makarov Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant(Yuzhmash)
- State Enterprise Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office
- State Enterprise "Dniprokosmos"
- State Enterprise "Dniprovsky Project Institute"
- Makarov National Center of aero-cosmic education for the youth
- State Enterprise "Center of rocket-space technology standardization"
- Kyiv
- State Enterprise "Arsenal Factory"[6]
- State Enterprise "Ukrkosmos"
- State Enterprise "Kyivprylad"
- State Enterprise "Scientific Center of a Precise Machine-building"
- State Joint-Stock Holding Company "Kyiv Radio Plant" (former Production Complex)
- Open Joint-Stock Association "Kyiv Radio Plant"
- Open Joint-Stock Association "RSB-Radio Plant"
- Open Joint-Stock Association "SPC Kurs"
- State Scientific-Production Center "Pryroda"
- Kharkiv
- Science-research technological institute of instrument-building (NDTIP)
- Public Stock Association "Khartron"
- Corporation Kommunar
- Crimea
Launch capabilities
Launch vehicles
Ukraine continues further development and modernization of launch vehicles that were created during the Soviet period, primarily the Cyclone and the Zenith. There also was an attempt to redesign a former intercontinental ballistic missile as the Dnepr rocket. Almost all its launch vehicles are heavily dependent on Russian components.
During 1991–2007, a total of 97 launches of Ukrainian LV were conducted, including, but not limited to launches on the Sea Launch mobile launch pad. In 2006 Ukrainian launch vehicles accounted for 12% of all launches into space in the world.
Ukrainian companies
Retired
- Tsyklon (ICBM-based 1967–1969) Baikonur, 8 launches (0 launches after 1991)
- Tsyklon-2 (ICBM-based 1969–2006) Baikonur, 106 launches (14 launches in 1991–2006)
- Tsyklon-3 (ICBM-based 1977–2009) Plesetsk, 122 launches (33 launches in 1991–2009)
In use
Statistics of Launches of LVs produced in cooperation with Ukrainian enterprises. State Space Agency of Ukraine
- Zenit-2 (LRB 1985–2007) Baikonur, 37 launches (22 launches in 1991–2007)
- Zenit-2M
- Zenit-3SL (LRB 1999–2014) Sea Launch, 36 launches
- Zenit-3SLB (LRB 2008–2017) Baikonur, 11 launches
- Zenit-3F
- Dnepr (ICBM-based 1999–2015) Baikonur, 22 launches
- Antares, production and development of stage one core structure
In development
- Mayak
- Cyclone-4M (ICBM-based, 2023) Canso, Nova Scotia[7]
Svityaz project
The Svityaz, Oril and Sura aerospace rocket complexes (ASRC) is intended for launching of various spacecraft (SC) into circular, elliptic and high-altitude circular, including the geostationary (GSO), orbits. Svityaz ASC represents a unique system that allows launch of spacecraft without utilization of complicated ground infrastructure. The Svityaz was to be launched directly from a modified version of An-225 Mriya,[8] a Ukrainian airplane and airplane carrier that was the largest one in the world, prior to its destruction during attacks in 2022. The modified Mriya, that was to be used to carry Svityaz, was designated with the extension code of An-225-100.
The aircraft is equipped with special devices to secure the LV above the fuselage. The operators and onboard equipment are located in the pressure-tight cabins. The Svityaz LV is being created on the basis of units, aggregates and systems of Zenit LV. It consists of three stages of non-toxic propellants: liquid oxygen and kerosene. The launch vehicle would be injected into the geostationary orbit using a solid-propellant apogee stage.
Sea Launch project
- See more detailed article at Sea Launch
Sea Launch was a joint venture space transportation company, partially owned by companies in Ukraine
Within the framework of the project the space rocket complex was developed, which consists of four components:
- marine segment
- rocket segment
- spacecraft segment, and
- facilities
Sea Launch mothballed its ships and put operations on long-term hiatus in 2014.
Spaceports
Ukraine does not have its own spaceports, but leases elsewhere.
- Baikonur Cosmodrome, Baikonur, Kazakhstan (under Russian administration)
- Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia
- Dombarovsky Air Base, Orenburg Oblast, Russia
- Pacific near Kiribati
Satellite programs
Ukraine produced the Sich and Okean Earth observation satellites, as well as a few other types of satellites and the Coronas solar observatory in cooperation with Russia.
- 1995–2001 Sich-1 (Tsyklon-3 from Plesetsk)
- 1999–???? Okean (Zenit-2 from Baikonur)
- 2004–active Sich-1M (Tsyklon-3 from Plesetsk)
- 2004–2007 MC-1-TK(Tsyklon-3 from Plesetsk)
- 2011–2012 Sich-2[10] (Dnepr from Dombarovskiy)
- 2014–active PolyITAN-1 (CubeSat-type satellite by Dnepr from Dombarovskiy)
- 2017–active PolyITAN-2 (CubeSat-type satellite by Atlas V from Cape Canaveral)
- suspended Lybid 1[11] (planned to be launched 2018 by Zenit-3F from Baikonur)
- suspended Sich-2M (planned to be launched 2018 by Dnepr)
- canceled Ukrselena (planned to be launched 2017 by Dnepr; being revised)
The SSAU currently is working on further Sich series satellites: Sich-2M, Sich-3, Sich-3-O and Sich-3-P; Lybid M and an
Ground complexes
- SSAU main special control center
- SSAU ground information complex
- SSAU ground control complex
- SSAU Space Monitoring and Analysis System
- SSAU remote telemetric stations
- SSAU ground-based broadcasting network of satellite television channels
- SSAU system of positioning and timing and navigation
- Pluton complex, temporarily inaccessible, due to Russian occupation
Human flights
Prior to Ukraine's independence, several Ukrainians flew in space under the Soviet flag. Ukrainian
The first Ukrainian to fly in space under the Ukrainian flag was
Directors-General
- Volodymyr Horbulin (9 March 1992 – 12 August 1994)
- Andriy Zhalko-Titarenko (23 August 1994 – 9 March 1995)
- Oleksandr Nehoda (20 February 1995 – 25 July 2005)
- Yuriy Alekseyev (25 July 2005 – 11 February 2009)
- Oleksandr Zinchenko (11 February 2009 – 17 March 2010)
- Yuriy Alekseyev (17 March 2010 – 28 November 2014)
- Oleksandr Holub (16 October 2014 – 21 January 2015)
- Oleh Urusky (21 January – 19 August 2015)[14]
- Liubomyr Sabadosh (19 August 2015 – 22 July 2016)
- Oleksandr Holub (25 July – 13 September 2016)
- Yuriy Radchenko (interim) (14 September 2016 – 31 August 2017)
- Pavlo Dehtyarenko (31 August 2017 – 3 November 2019)[15]
- Volodymyr Mikheev (interim) (3 November 2019 – 24 January 2020)[16]
- Volodymyr Usov (24 January – 16 November 2020)[17][18]
- Mykhailo Lev (interim) (since 16 November 2020)[19]
See also
- Lviv Centre of Institute for Space Research
- A Message From Earth(AMFE) was sent by NSAU towards Gliese 581 c, a large terrestrial extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581. The signal is a digital time capsule containing 501 messages.
- List of government space agencies
- Ukrainian Optical Facilities for Near-Earth Space Surveillance Network
References
- ^ "Доходи Державного бюджету України на 2019 рік" (.xls Excel). Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ Указ Президента України № 1085 від 9 грудня 2010 року «Про оптимізацію системи центральних органів виконавчої влади» Archived 2012-02-10 at the Wayback Machine (Ukrainian)
- ^ National Space Agency Planning To Launch Ukrainian Communications Satellite By September 2011 Archived 2012-09-15 at archive.today, Ukrainian News Agency (April 10, 2009)
- ^ "The successful launch of European Vega launcher with Ukrainian upper-stage engine". State Space Agency of Ukraine. 21 November 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
- ^ "Successful launch of the Antares LV". State Space Agency of Ukraine. 18 November 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
- ^ "Из истории" [Of History]. Arsenalcdb.com.ua. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
- ^ Willick, Frances (12 May 2021). "Canso spaceport secures $10.5M, aims for first launch next year". CBC News. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
- Ilyushin Il-76MDMidas surveillance plane."
- ^ Ukraine's government ready to reanimate Sea Launch project, Kyiv Post (May 27, 2010)
- NASAspaceflight.com(August 17th, 2011)
- ^ "Голова ДКАУ: Україна очікує підтвердження канадської MDA виконання зобов'язань за контрактом на створення і запуск супутника зв'язку "Либідь"". Інтерфакс-Україна (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2018-11-10.
- ^ Ukraine plans to send research satellite to Moon in 2017, Kyiv Post (10 November 2011)
- Ukrayinska Pravda(13 January 2022)
- UNIAN(16 July 2020)
- Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine(in Ukrainian). November 3, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
- Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine(in Ukrainian). November 3, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
- Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine(in Ukrainian). January 24, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
- ^ "Розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України № 1432-р Про звільнення Усова В. В. з посади Голови Державного космічного агентства України". Website of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 16 November 2020.
- ^ "Розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України від 16 листопада 2020 р. № 1433-р Про тимчасове покладення виконання обов'язків Голови Державного космічного агентства України на Лева М. О". Website of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 16 November 2020.
External links
- English-language home page
- Ukrainian space history on Astronautix.com encyclopedia
- Ukraine's Space Program Archived 2020-01-08 at the Wayback Machine - article in Moscow Defense Brief
- NASA, Ukraine Prepare Flights to Moon, United Press International
- Ukrainian Rockets to Orbit U.S. Satellites, Novosti
- Yuzhnoe SDO, major Ukrainian Space Technologies Design Bureau
- Cosmos Agency — first private Ukrainian aerospace company