Sticta
| Sticta | |
|---|---|
| |
| Sticta carolinensis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Peltigerales |
| Family: | Peltigeraceae |
| Genus: | Sticta (Schreb.) Ach. (1803) |
| Type species | |
| Sticta sylvatica (Huds.) Ach. (1803)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Sticta is a genus of lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical areas, and includes about 114 species.[2] These lichens have a leafy appearance, and are colored brown or black. Sticta species with cyanobacteria as photobionts can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, and due to their relative abundance and high turnover, they contribute appreciably to the rainforest ecosystem. They are commonly called spotted felt lichens.[3]
Description
The vegetative bodies of the Sticta, the
apothecia (cup-shaped spore-bearing structures) are rarely found. Sticta species are usually found growing on bark, wood, or mossy rock.[4]
Photobiont partners of Sticta species include members of the green algae genera Chloroidium, Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris, Heveochlorella, and Symbiochloris.[5]
The
liverwort genus Monoclea contains lichen-like organisms completely unrelated to, but readily confused with Sticta.[6]
Distribution and habitat
Sticta species are primarily
tropical in distribution, but some species have been reported from as north as Norway,[7] and as far south as the southern tip of South America.[8]
Most species of Sticta grow on bark, wood, or mossy rock, usually in humid areas.[4]
Phylogenetics
Indicators of ecological continuity
Some
canopy continuity.[11] The presence of these species is a reliable indicator that the forest has existed back to early medieval times, without being clear-cut and regrown. Two Sticta species, namely, S. dufournii or the blue-green algal morphotype S. canariensis, are among several species of lichens that may be used to calculate the New Index of Ecological Continuity (NIEC), considered the most sensitive and accurate determination of forest continuity.[12]
Bioactive compounds
A comprehensive comparative study on the antioxidant activity of lichens from Hawaii and Iceland revealed the Hawaiian lichen S. weigelii to be a potent producer of antioxidative compounds.[13]
Species
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- Sticta acyphellata Moncada & Lücking (2020)[14] – Hawaii
- Sticta alpinotropica Aptroot (2008)[15] – Papua New Guinea
- Sticta andina B.Moncada, Lücking & Sérus. (2021)[16] – Colombia
- Sticta antoniana Moncada & Lücking (2020)[14] – Hawaii
- Sticta aongstroemii Dal Forno, Moncada & Lücking (2018)[17] – Brazil
- Sticta arachnofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta arbuscula Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta arbusculotomentosa Moncada & Betanc. (2015)
- Sticta arenosella Di Meglio & Goward (2023)[19]
- Sticta atlantica Magain & Sérus. (2015)[20] – Europe
- Sticta atroandensis Moncada & Lücking (2013)[21] – Colombia
- Sticta baileyi D.J.Galloway (1998)[22] – Australia
- Sticta borinquensis Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)[23] – Puerto Rico
- Sticta brevior Moncada & Lücking (2013)[21] – Colombia
- Sticta brevipes (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1925)
- Sticta caliginosa D.J.Galloway (1983)
- Sticta camarae Müll.Arg. (1882)
- Sticta canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delise (1822)
- Sticta caperata (Nyl.) Nyl. (1863)
- Sticta carolinensis T.McDonald (2003)[24]
- Neotropics; Africa; Macaronesia; Western Europe
- Sticta corymbosa Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)[23] – Puerto Rico
- Sticta cyphellulata (Müll.Arg.) Hue (1901)
- Sticta dendroides (Nyl.) Moncada, Lücking & de Lange (2018)
- Sticta densiphyllidiata Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)[23] – Puerto Rico
- Sticta deyana Lendemer & Goffinet (2015)[25] – North America
- Sticta diversa (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1925)
- Sticta duplolimbata (Hue) Vain. (1913)
- Sticta emmanueliana Moncada, Lücking & Lumbsch (2020)[14] – Hawaii
- Sticta fasciculata Di Meglio & Goward (2023)[19]
- Sticta filix(Sw.) Nyl. (1867)
- Sticta flavireagens (Gyeln.) Diederich & Ertz (2020)
- Sticta flavocyphellata D.J.Galloway (1998)[22] – Australia
- Sticta flynnii Moncada & Lücking (2020)[14] – Hawaii
- Sticta fragilinata T.McDonald (2003)[24]
- Sticta fuliginoides Magain & Sérus. (2015)[20] – Continental Europe; Canary Islands; eastern North America; Colombia
- Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. (1803) – widespread
- Sticta fuscotomentosa Moncada, Coca & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta gallowayana Moncada & Lucking (2015)
- Sticta globulifuliginosa Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta gretae Di Meglio & Goward (2023)[19]
- Sticta guilartensis Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)[23] – Puerto Rico
- Sticta harrisii Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)[23] – Puerto Rico
- Sticta hawaiiensis Moncada & Lücking (2020)[14] – Hawaii
- Sticta hirsutifuliginosa Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta howei D.J.Galloway (1998)[22] – Australia
- Sticta humboldtii Hook. (1822)
- Sticta hypopsiloides Nyl. (1861)[26]
- Sticta indica D.D.Awasthi & Upreti (2010)[27] – India
- Sticta isidiokunthii Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta jaguirreana Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta laciniosa D.J.Galloway (1994)
- Sticta latifrons A.Rich. (1832)
- Sticta leucoblephara (Müll.Arg.) D.J.Galloway (2004)
- Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach. (1803)
- Sticta lobarioides Moncada & Coca (2013)[28]
- Sticta lumbschiana Moncada & Lücking (2013)[21] – Colombia
- Sticta macrocyphellata Moncada & Coca (2013)[21] – Colombia
- Sticta macrofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta macrothallina Moncada & Coca (2013)[28]
- Sticta maculofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta marginifera Mont. (1842)
- Sticta martinii D.J.Galloway (1983)[29] – New Zealand
- Sticta mexicana D.J.Galloway (2004)
- Sticta microcyphellata Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta minutula Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta myrioloba (Müll.Arg.) D.J.Galloway (1998)[22] – Australia
- Sticta nashii D.J.Galloway (2004)
- Sticta neopulmonarioides Moncada & Coca (2013)[28]
- Sticta papillata Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta parahumboldtii Moncada & Lücking (2013)[21] – Colombia
- Sticta parvilobata Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)[23] – Puerto Rico
- Sticta pedunculata Kremp. (1874)
- Sticta phyllidiifuliginosa Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta phyllidiokunthii Moncada & Lücking (2013)[28]
- Sticta plumbeociliata Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta pseudohumboldtii Moncada & Lücking (2013)[21] – Colombia
- Sticta pseudolobaria Moncada & Coca (2013)[28]
- Sticta pulmonarioides Moncada & Coca (2013)[28]
- Sticta riparia Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)[23] – Puerto Rico
- Sticta rhizinata Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta rubropruinosa Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta rutilans (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1925)
- Sticta sayeri Müll.Arg. (1888)[30]
- Sticta silverstonei Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta sinuosa Pers. (1827)
- Sticta smithii Moncada & Lücking (2020)[14] – Hawaii
- Sticta stipitata C.Knight (1891)
- Sticta subfilicinella Moncada, Coca & Lücking (2015)
- Sticta sublimbata (J.Steiner) Swinscow & Krog (1983)
- Sticta subtomentella (C.Knight ex Shirley) Zahlbr. (1925)
- Sticta swartzii D.J.Galloway (1994)
- Sticta sylvatica (Huds.) Ach. (1803) – continental Europe; Andes (Colombia)
- Sticta tainorum Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)[23] – Puerto Rico
- Sticta tatamana Moncada & Coca (2013)[28]
- Sticta tesselata Øvstedal (2010)[31]
- Sticta torii Ant.Simon & Goward (2018)[32]
- Sticta tunjensis Moncada & Lücking (2012)[18] – Colombia
- Sticta variabilis Ach. (1810)
- Sticta venosa Lücking, Moncada & Robayo (2011)
- Sticta viviana Alej.Suárez & Lücking (2013)[33] – Colombia
- Sticta waikamoi Moncada & Lücking (2020)[14] – Hawaii
- Sticta xanthotropa (Kremp.) D.J.Galloway (2004)
References
- Species Fungorum. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ^ Plant Profile for Sticta (spotted felt lichen), USDA
- ^ ISBN 0-87071-394-9.
- .
- ISBN 978-0-12-813012-4.
- ^ Jørgensen PR. "Sticta dufourii Del. and its parasymbiont Arthonia abelonae P.M. Jørg. n. sp. in Norway". Nova Hedwigia. 18: 331–40.
- .
- PMID 21653401.
- doi:10.1139/b03-027.
- ^ Gilbert, pp. 70–71.
- ^ Gilbert, pp. 257–59.
- PMID 25808912.
- ^ .
- .
- .
- .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ hdl:2268/186416.
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- .
- ^ Nylander, W. (1861). "Expositio Lichenum Novae Caledoniae". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in Latin). 15: 37–54.
- .
- ^ .
- .
- ^ Müller, J. (1888). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXVII". Flora (Regensburg). 71 (2): 17–25.
- ^ Øvstedal, D.O.; Gremmen, N.J.M. (2010). "New lichen species from Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island". Folia Cryptogamica Estonica. 47: 43–49.
- ^ Simon, A.; Goward, T.; Di Meglio, J.; Dillman, K.; Spribille, T.; Goffinet, B. (2018). "Sticta torii sp. nov., a remarkable lichen of high conservation priority from northwestern North America". Graphis Scripta. 30 (6): 105–114.
- .
Cited literature
- Gilbert O.L. (2000). Lichens. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-220082-1.