Strophomenata
Strophomenata Temporal range:
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Strophomenid brachiopod with encrusting cornulitid worm tube (Upper Ordovician, SE Indiana). | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Brachiopoda |
Subphylum: | Rhynchonelliformea |
Class: | †Strophomenata Williams 1996 |
Orders | |
Strophomenata is an extinct
They originated in the
Common Features
In The phylogeny and classification of Rhynchonelliformea, Strophomenates are described as having "no definite
The common features of the Strophomenates include:
- concavo-convex(sometimes convexi-concave), or plano-convex shells;
- a laminar secondary shell layer with well developed pseudopunctae (microstructural features);
- a bilobed cardinal process;
- the existence of the pseudodeltidium;
- a supra-apical/apical foramen, at least during juvenile stages, which is a feature associated to the egression of the pedicle during growth(many Strophomenates lose their pedicles after certain age).[2]
Orders
Billingsellida
An order that contains the suborder Clitambonitidina (and others?) .
Orthotetida
An order or superfamily that includes the Chilidiopsoidea.[3] Ontogeny given by Bassett and Popov (2017), resembling that of Kutorginides.[3]
Believed to be sister to Strophomenides, = Strophomenida + Billinsellida + Productida.[4]
Includes the Chileids (e.g. Coolinia).
Strophomenida
Originating in the Early Ordovician and persisting until the Carboniferous, the Strophomenids were an extremely diverse order. Strophomenids are usually divided into two groups - the Plectambonitoidea and the Strophomenoidea.[5] Some members used their short meaty pedicles for attachment, while many others lost their pedicle during growth and developed a free-lying lifestyle.[6] As such a lot of their shells are concavo-convex. Microstructural features of the Strophomenid shell include a cross-laminar structure, and a pseudopunctate laminar layer often found with taleolae.[2] Well-known Strophomenids include Leptaena, Sowerbyella, Rafinesquina, and Strophomena.
References
- ^ Paleobiology Database
- ^ ISSN 1089-3326.
- ^ a b LE Holmer, Z Zhang, TP Topper, and L Popov 2017. The attachment strategies of Cambrian kutorginate brachiopods: the curious case of two pedicle openings and their phylogenetic significance. Journal of Paleontology, 2017.
- ^ Bassett, M.G., and Popov, L.E. (2017). Earliest ontogeny of the Silurian orthotetide brachiopod ~Coolinia~ and its significance for interpreting strophomenate phylogeny. Lethaia 50, 504–510.
- .
- ISSN 2314-4289.
External links
- Data related to Strophomenata at Wikispecies
- Media related to Strophomenata at Wikimedia Commons
- "Strophomenata". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database.