Subtropical Storm Nicole
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | October 10, 2004 |
Dissipated | October 11, 2004 |
Subtropical storm | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Highest winds | 50 mph (85 km/h) |
Lowest pressure | 986 mbar (hPa); 29.12 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | None |
Areas affected | Bermuda, Atlantic Canada, New England |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season |
Subtropical Storm Nicole was the first
Nicole dropped moderate amounts of
Meteorological history
An upper-level trough and a decaying cold front persisted across the western Atlantic Ocean in early October. The interaction between the two led to the formation of an area of low pressure on October 8 to the southwest of Bermuda. The system lacked a single well-defined circulation, though it possessed gale-force winds as it moved northwestward.[1] The system gradually became better organized,[2] and though there were no signs of tropical development on October 9, computer models suggested a subtropical storm could form.[3] On October 10, a well-defined low-level circulation developed as a band of clouds formed in the northern portion of the system. Shortly thereafter, curved bands developed in the northwestern portion of the center, while the strongest winds associated with the storm occurred more than 115 miles (185 km) from the center. Based on the broad wind field and the cloud signature, it is estimated the system organized into Subtropical Storm Nicole on October 10 while located about 140 miles (230 km) southwest of Bermuda.[1]
The first
Preparations, impact, and naming
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 186.7 | 7.35 | October 1939 Hurricane | [6] | |
2 | 172.0 | 6.77 | Nicole 2016 | [7] | |
3 | 153.7 | 6.05 | Arlene 1963 | [8] | |
4 | 151.4 | 5.96 | Cristobal 2002 | ||
5 | 148.0 | 5.83 | Nicole 2004 |
||
6 | 134.1 | 5.28 | T.D. #23A 1967 | [8] | |
7 | 126.2 | 4.97 | Franklin 2005 |
||
8 | 125.0 | 4.92 | Emily 1981 |
[8] | |
9 | 124.0 | 4.88 | Harvey 2005 |
||
10 | 123.2 | 4.85 | September 1948 hurricane | [6] |
On October 9, one day prior to the storm's formation, the
The
The remnants of Nicole combined with an extratropical system to produce strong winds in New England, with gusts of up to 65 mph (105 km/h). In Maine, the winds snapped branches off trees, and also downed trees and power lines. Power outages were reported, primarily in coastal portions of Washington and Hancock Counties.[16] Nicole produced moderate swells along the East Coast of the United States. Conditions for surfing were best in New York and Rhode Island, where swells of over 4 feet (1.2 m) occurred.[17] Eleven ships reported tropical storm force winds in association with Subtropical Storm Nicole. The maximum recorded wind was 50 mph (80 km/h) while the storm was at peak intensity, while the minimum recorded pressure was 995 mbar as Nicole was being absorbed by the extratropical storm.[1]
Since 2002, subtropical storms have been assigned names from the predetermined list of names used for tropical cyclones. Nicole was the first named subtropical storm since the policy change that did not become a fully tropical cyclone. Hurricane Gustav in 2002 formed as and was named as a subtropical cyclone, although it later became a fully tropical cyclone and later strengthened into a hurricane. In 1972 and 1973, four subtropical storms were named using the Phonetic alphabet. All other subtropical cyclones remained unnamed.[18]
See also
- Other storms of the same name
- List of Atlantic hurricanes
- List of Bermuda hurricanes
- List of United States hurricanes
- Hurricane Grace (1991)
- Hurricane Nate (2005)
References
- ^ a b c d e f Pasch & Roberts (2004). "Subtropical Storm Nicole Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- ^ Avila (2004). "October 8, 2004 Tropical Weather Outlook". NHC. Retrieved 2006-10-11.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Lawrence (2004). "October 9 Tropical Weather Outlook". NHC. Retrieved 2006-10-11.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Lawrence (2004). "Subtropical Storm Nicole Discussion One". NHC. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
- ^ Beven (2004). "Subtropical Storm Nicole Discussion Five". NHC. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
- ^ a b Terry Tucker (1966). Beware the Hurricane! The Story of the Cyclonic Tropical Storms That Have Struck Bermuda and the Islanders' Folk-lore Regarding Them (1 ed.). The Hamilton Press. p. 206.
- ^ "BWS Daily Climatology Written Summary". Bermuda Weather Service. October 26, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
- ^ a b c Roth, David M. (January 3, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Bermuda Weather Service (2004). "Weather Summary for October 2004". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
- ^ Sarah Titterton and Eloisa Mayers (2004-10-11). "Nicole drowns out the music". The Royal Gazette. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2011-03-31.
- ^ The Royal Gazette (2004-10-12). "Nicole thwarts cruise ship". Retrieved 2011-03-31.
- ^ The Royal Gazette (2004-10-13). "Passengers roughed up". Retrieved 2011-03-31.
- ^ Canadian Hurricane Centre (2004). "2004 Tropical Cyclone Season Summary". Archived from the original on 2006-05-01. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
- ^ Bowyer (2004). "Subtropical Storm Nicole Information Statement". Canadian Hurricane Centre. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
- ^ Ottawa Start (2004). "Top Ten Canadian weather stories for 2004". Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
- ^ National Climatic Data Center (2004). "Event Report for Maine". Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
- ^ Sean Collins (2004). "Wavetraks November 2004 Newsletter". Surfline Wavetraks. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
- ^ Hurricane Research Division (2006). "Hurdat Data for Tropical Cyclones 1851-2005". NOAA. Archived from the original on July 5, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
External links
- NHC's public advisory archive on Subtropical Storm Nicole.
- NHC 2004 Tropical Cyclone Archive
- Effects of the Third-Quarter Hurricanes on Income Measures