Supercomputing in India
Supercomputing in India has a history going back to the 1980s.[1] The Government of India created an indigenous development programme as they had difficulty purchasing foreign supercomputers.[1] As of June 2023[update], the AIRAWAT supercomputer is the fastest supercomputer in India, having been ranked 75th fastest in the world in the TOP500 supercomputer list.[2] AIRAWAT has been installed at the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in Pune.[3]
History
Early years
India had faced difficulties in the 1980s when trying to purchase supercomputers for academic and weather forecasting purposes.[1] In 1986 the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) started the Flosolver project to develop a computer for computational fluid dynamics and aerospace engineering.[4][5] The Flosolver MK1, described as a parallel processing system, started operations in December 1986.[4][6][5]
Indigenous development programme
In 1987 the Indian Government had requested to purchase a
C-DAC First Mission
The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) was created at some point between November 1987 and August 1988.[8][10][9] C-DAC was given an initial 3 year budget of Rs375 million to create a 1000MFLOPS (1GFLOPS) supercomputer by 1991.[10] C-DAC unveiled the PARAM 8000 supercomputer in 1991.[1] This was followed by the PARAM 8600 in 1992/1993.[10][9] These machines demonstrated Indian technological prowess to the world and led to export success.[10][9] Param 8000 was replicated and installed at ICAD Moscow in 1991 with Russian collaboration.
C-DAC Second Mission
The PARAM 8000 was considered a success for C-DAC in delivering a gigaFLOPS range parallel computer.[10] From 1992 C-DAC undertook its "Second Mission" to deliver a 100 GFLOPS range computer by 1997/1998.[1] The plan was to allow the computer to scale to 1 teraFLOPS.[10][12] In 1993 the PARAM 9000 series of supercomputers was released, which had a peak computing power of 5 GFLOPS.[1] In 1998 the PARAM 10000 was released; this had a sustained performance of 38 GFLOPS on the LINPACK benchmark.[1]
C-DAC Third Mission
The C-DAC's third mission was to develop a teraFLOPS range computer.[1] The PARAM Padma was delivered in December 2002.[1] This was the first Indian supercomputer to feature on a list of the world's fastest supercomputers, in June 2003.[1]
Development by other groups in the early 2000s
By the early 2000s it was noted that only ANURAG, BARC, C-DAC and NAL were continuing development of their supercomputers.[6] NAL's Flosolver had 4 subsequent machines built in its series.[6] At the same time ANURAG continued to develop PACE, primarily based on SPARC processors.[6]
12th Five Year Plan
The Indian Government has proposed to commit US$2.5 billion to supercomputing research during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2012–2017). The project will be handled by Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore.[13] Additionally, it was later revealed that India plans to develop a supercomputer with processing power in the exaflops range.[14] It will be developed by C-DAC within the subsequent five years of approval.[15]
National Supercomputing Mission
Supercomputing overview | |
---|---|
Formed | 2015 |
Parent department | C-DAC |
Website | https://nsmindia.in/ |
In 2015 the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology announced a "National Supercomputing Mission" (NSM) to install 73 indigenous supercomputers throughout the country by 2022.[16][17][18][19] This is a seven-year program worth $730 million (Rs. 4,500 crore).[citation needed] Whilst previously computer were assembled in India, the NSM aims to produce the components within the country.[20] The NSM is being implemented by C-DAC and the Indian Institute of Science.[19]
The aim is to create a cluster of geographically distributed high-performance computing centers linked over a high-speed network, connecting various academic and research institutions across India.[17] This has been dubbed the "National Knowledge Network" (NKN).[20] The mission involves both capacity and capability machines and includes standing up three petascale supercomputers.[21][22]
The first phase involved deployment of supercomputers which have 60% Indian components.[19] The second phase machines are intended to have an Indian designed processor,[19] with a completion date of April 2021.[20] The third and final phase intends to deploy fully indigenous supercomputers,[19] with an aimed speed of 45 petaFLOPS within the NKN.[20]
By October 2020, the first assembled in India supercomputer had been installed.[20] The NSM hopes to have the manufacturing capability for indigenous production by December 2020.[20]
Rankings
Current TOP500
As of November 2023[update] there are 4 systems based in India on the TOP500 supercomputer list.[23]
Rank | Site | Name | Rmax (TFlop/s) |
Rpeak (PFlop/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
75 | Centre for Development of Advanced Computing | AIRAWAT - PSAI[24][25] | 8.5 | 13.17 |
163 | Centre for Development of Advanced Computing | PARAM Siddhi-AI | 4.62.0 | 5.27 |
201 | Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology | Pratyush (Cray XC40)[26][27] | 3.76 | 4.01 |
354 | National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting | Mihir (Cray XC40) | 2.57 | 2.81 |
India's historical rank in TOP500
List | Number of systems in TOP500 |
System Share (%) | Total Rmax (Gflops) |
Total Rpeak (Gflops) |
Cores |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 June | 2 | 0.4 | 6,334,340 | 6,814,886 | 202,824 |
2019 November | 2 | 0.4 | 6,334,340 | 6,814,886 | 202,824 |
2019 June | 3 | 0.6 | 7,457,490 | 8,228,006 | 241,224 |
2018 November | 4 | 0.8 | 8,358,996 | 9,472,166 | 272,328 |
2018 June | 5 | 1 | 9,078,216 | 10,262,899 | 310,344 |
2017 November | 4 | 0.8 | 2,794,753 | 3,759,153 | 107,544 |
2017 June | 4 | 0.8 | 2,703,926 | 3,935,693 | 103,116 |
2016 November | 5 | 1 | 3,092,368 | 4,456,051 | 133,172 |
2016 June | 9 | 1.8 | 4,406,352 | 5,901,043 | 204,052 |
2015 November | 11 | 2.2 | 4,933,698 | 6,662,387 | 236,692 |
2015 June | 11 | 2.2 | 4,597,998 | 5,887,007 | 226,652 |
2014 November | 9 | 1.8 | 3,137,692 | 3,912,187 | 184,124 |
2014 June | 9 | 1.8 | 2,898,745 | 3,521,915 | 169,324 |
2013 November | 12 | 2.4 | 3,040,297 | 3,812,719 | 188,252 |
2013 June | 11 | 2.2 | 2,690,461 | 3,517,536 | 173,580 |
2012 November | 9 | 1.8 | 1,291,739 | 1,890,914 | 90,548 |
2012 June | 5 | 1 | 787,652 | 1,242,746 | 56,460 |
2011 November | 2 | 0.4 | 187,910 | 242,995 | 18,128 |
2011 June | 2 | 0.4 | 187,910 | 242,995 | 18,128 |
2010 November | 4 | 0.8 | 257,243 | 333,005 | 25,808 |
2010 June | 5 | 1 | 283,380 | 384,593 | 30,104 |
2009 November | 3 | 0.6 | 199,257 | 279,702 | 23,416 |
2009 June | 6 | 1.2 | 247,285 | 333,519 | 33,456 |
2008 November | 8 | 1.6 | 259,394 | 368,501 | 37,488 |
2008 June | 6 | 1.2 | 189,854 | 275,617 | 32,432 |
2007 November | 9 | 1.8 | 194,524 | 303,651 | 34,932 |
2007 June | 8 | 1.6 | 45,697 | 86,642 | 10,336 |
2006 November | 10 | 2 | 34,162 | 61,520 | 10,908 |
2006 June | 11 | 2.2 | 36,839 | 66,776 | 11,638 |
2005 November | 4 | 0.8 | 11,379 | 21,691 | 3,354 |
2005 June | 8 | 1.6 | 13,995 | 24,726 | 4,212 |
2004 November | 7 | 1.4 | 6,945 | 11,873 | 2,126 |
2004 June | 6 | 1.2 | 5,652 | 9,557 | 1,750 |
2003 November | 3 | 0.6 | 2,099 | 5,098 | 1,106 |
2003 June | 2 | 0.4 | 1,158 | 3,747 | 822 |
See also
Computers
General
- History of supercomputing
- Supercomputing in China
- Supercomputing in Europe
- Supercomputing in Japan
- TOP500
References
- ^ S2CID 47348115. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- ^ "AIRAWAT - PSAI - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Infiniband HDR | TOP500". www.top500.org. TOP500. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Qureshi, Tahir (24 May 2023). "AI Supercomputer AIRAWAT Puts India Among Top Supercomputing League". www.india.com. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ S2CID 119381130. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ OCLC 246121972. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ S2CID 62175182. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ Beary, Habib (1 April 2003). "India unveils huge supercomputer". BBC News.
India began developing supercomputers in the late 1980s after being refused one by the US.
- ^ . Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- ^ . Retrieved 20 July 2020.
L.M. Patnaik developed a significant amount of the factual material for this report.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Patnaik, LM. "High Performance Computing in India and Far-East". United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ISBN 978-3-540-53065-7. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- S2CID 9917838. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "India Aims to Double R&D Spending for Science". HPC Wire. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
- ^ C-DAC and Supercomputers in India Archived 2013-08-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "India plans 61 times faster supercomputer by 2017". The Times of India. 27 September 2012. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
- ^ Prashanth, GN (3 August 2015). "IISC all set to launch supercomputing mission". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ a b "Govt to launch Rs 4,500 cr National Supercomputing Mission". cdac.in. Centre for Development of Advanced Computing. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ "National Supercomputing Mission". pib.gov.in. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Science & Technology. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Basu, Mohana (22 December 2019). "India to build 11 new supercomputers, with indigenous processors developed by C-DAC". ThePrint. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Gill, Prabhjote (23 October 2020). "Made in India supercomputers likely by the end of the year, says National Supercomputing Mission". Business Insider. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ "India Greenlights $730 Million Supercomputing Grid". HPC Wire. 26 March 2015.
- ^ "Govt to install 73 supercomputers across the country". Zee News. 25 March 2015.
- ^ "TOP500 List - Nov 2023". TOP500. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ^ "AIRAWAT - PSAI". Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ^ "India's AI supercomputer AIRAWAT makes it to the list of world's 100 most powerful". Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ^ "India's fastest supercomputer 'Pratyush' established at Pune's IITM". The Indian Express. 9 January 2018. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ "India unveils Pratyush, its fastest supercomputer yet". The Hindu. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ "TOP500 List, Country - India". Retrieved 23 June 2020.