Supercomputing in Japan
Japan operates a number of centers for supercomputing which hold world records in speed, with the K computer being the world's fastest from June 2011 to June 2012,[1][2][3] and Fugaku holding the lead from June 2020 until June 2022.
The K computer's performance was impressive, according to professor Jack Dongarra who maintains the TOP500 list of supercomputers, and it surpassed its next 5 competitors combined.[1] The K computer cost US$10 million a year to operate.[1]
Previous records
The
The K computer's placement on the top spot was seven years after Japan held the title in 2004.
The
Supercomputing centers
Top speed (TFLOPS) |
Country | Number of computers in TOP500 |
---|---|---|
22998 | Netherlands | 31 |
17590 | United States | 25 |
33860 | China | 61 |
8162 | Japan | 26 |
1050 | France | 25 |
826 | Germany | 30 |
350 | Russia | 12 |
275 | United Kingdom | 27 |
The GSIC Center at the Tokyo Institute of Technology houses the Tsubame 2.0 supercomputer, which has a peak of 2,288 TFLOPS and in June 2011 ranked 5th in the world.[9] It was developed at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in collaboration with NEC and HP, and has 1,400 nodes using both HP Proliant and NVIDIA Tesla processors.[10]
The
The next significant system is Japan Atomic Energy Agency's PRIMERGY BX900 Fujitsu supercomputer. It is significantly slower, reaching 200 TFLOPS and ranking as the 38th in the world in 2011.[12][13]
Historically, the Gravity Pipe (GRAPE) system for astrophysics at the University of Tokyo was distinguished not by its top speed of 64 Tflops, but by its cost and energy efficiency, having won the Gordon Bell Prize in 1999, at about $7 per megaflops, using special purpose processing elements.[14]
The Computational Simulation Centre, International Fusion Energy Research Centre of the
The University of Tokyo's Information Technology Center in
In June 2012, the Numerical Prediction Division, Forecast Department of the
Grid computing
Starting in 2003, Japan used grid computing in the National Research Grid Initiative (NAREGI) project to develop high-performance, scalable grids over very high-speed networks as a future computational infrastructure for scientific and engineering research.[20]
See also
- Fifth generation computer
- History of supercomputing
- Personal supercomputer
- Supercomputer architecture
- Supercomputing in China
- Supercomputing in Europe
- Supercomputing in India
- Supercomputing in Pakistan
References
- ^ a b c d "Japanese supercomputer 'K' is world's fastest". The Telegraph. 20 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ a b "Japanese 'K' Computer Is Ranked Most Powerful". The New York Times. 20 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ "Supercomputer "K computer" Takes First Place in World". Fujitsu. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ "LINKS-1 Computer Graphics System-Computer Museum".
- ^ http://www.vasulka.org/archive/Writings/VideogameImpact.pdf#page=29 [bare URL PDF]
- ISBN 0-89871-264-5page 353-360
- ^ a b "TOP500 List – June 2011". TOP500. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ HPCWire May 2011 Archived 8 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hui Pan 'Research Initiatives with HP Servers', Gigabit/ATM Newsletter, December 2010, page 11
- ^ Carey, Bjorn (2006), "Overachievers We Love – Faster", Popular Science 269 (6)
- ^ TOP500
- ^ TOP500 ranking Archived 2 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ J Makino, Specialized Hardware for Supercomputing, SciDAC Review, Issue 12 (Spring 2009), IOP. 2009
- ^ The Green500 June 2011 Archived 3 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Environmentally Responsible Supercomputing, The Green500 List
- ^ 190 TFlops Astrophysical N-body Simulation on a Cluster of GPUs by T. Hamada, T. et al in: High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC), 2010 International Conference, New Orleans, LA, 13–19 Nov. 2010, pages 1 – 9
- ^ ITER Broader Approach
- ^ Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo (14 November 2011). "Fujitsu's PRIMEHPC FX10 with 1.13 PFLOPS starts operation at the University of Tokyo in April 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 5 February 2012.
- ^ 新しいスーパーコンピュータシステムの運用開始について 24 May 2012
- S2CID 22562197.