Surplus killing

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
chipmunks (Ernest Thompson Seton
, 1909)
Multiple sheep killed by a cougar

Surplus killing, also known as excessive killing, henhouse syndrome,

naiads,[10] predaceous mites [citation needed], martens,[11] weasels,[12] honey badgers,[13] jaguar [citation needed], leopards,[13] lions,[14][13] wolves,[15] spiders,[13] brown bears,[16][17] American black bears,[18] polar bears,[14] coyotes,[14][19] lynxes,[20] minks,[21] raccoons[22] and dogs.[citation needed
]

Examples

In Tasmania, in a single dog attack, 58 little penguins were killed.[23] In mainland Australia, a single fox once killed around 74 penguins over several days, eating almost nothing.[24] One leopard in Cape Province, South Africa killed 51 sheep and lambs in a single incident.[25] Similarly, two caracal in Cape Province killed 22 sheep in one night, eating only part of the buttock of one carcass.[26] Up to 19 spotted hyenas once killed 82 Thomson's gazelle and badly injured 27, eating just 16%.[1]

In late autumn, least weasels often surplus-kill vole and then dig them up and eat them on winter days when it is too cold to hunt. In March 2016, a pack of 9 grey wolves in Wyoming was found to have killed 19 elk. John Lund, of the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, said that he had never documented surplus killings that extreme from grey wolves.[27] In Florida, laboratory experiments documented cases of surplus killing in larvae of the predatory midge Corethrella appendiculata against specific larval stages of different species of mosquitoes of the genus Toxorhynchites.[28]

Possible causes

In surplus killing, predators eat only the most-preferred animals and animal parts. Bears engaging in surplus killing of

food supply, waste predator energy and risk them being injured. Nonetheless, researchers say animals surplus-kill whenever they can, in order to procure food for offspring and others, to gain valuable killing experience, and to create the opportunity to eat the carcass later when they are hungry again.[1][29]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9780470671504
    .
  2. ISBN 978-1604692273
    .
  3. JSTOR 3872873
    .
  4. ISBN 0-563-20844-9
    .
  5. ISBN 0-04-440199-X
    .
  6. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb04087.x
    .
  7. ^ "Suspected surplus killing of harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina) by killer whales (Orcinus orca)". Cascadia Research. 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  8. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.05.006
    .
  9. S2CID 243782280. Retrieved 2022-08-10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link
    )
  10. PMID 19081802
    .
  11. PMID 24954928
    .
  12. S2CID 84799770
    .
  13. ^
    PMID 30380326
    .
  14. ^
    doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb04087.x
    .
  15. doi:10.1139/z85-045
    .
  16. doi:10.1093/beheco/ary139
    .
  17. ^ "Far North Grizzlies Develop Taste for Muskoxen, Alaska Science Forum". June 21, 2011. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011.
  18. JSTOR 3781799
    .
  19. ^ Ewer, R. F. (1968). Ethology ofmammals. London: Logos Press Ltd.
  20. JSTOR 3802876
    .
  21. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00139-2
    .
  22. JSTOR 3802594
    .
  23. ^ Adamczyk, Ed (2018-10-17). "Dog attack kills 58 penguins in Tasmania". UPI. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  24. ^ Peacock, Sue (2017-08-10). "Penguins killed in fox attack on Victoria's Middle Island". ABC News. Retrieved 2019-09-26.
  25. ISSN 0025-1461
    .
  26. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03979.x
    .
  27. ^ "Wyoming wolf pack kills 19 elk in rare 'surplus killing'". Archived from the original on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
  28. PMID 19081802.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  29. ISBN 0195183037
    .

Bibliography
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surplus_killing&oldid=1220600951"