Swifties

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Taylor Swift interacting with the Swifties gathered outside the Good Morning America studio in New York City (2012)

Swifties are the fandom of the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Regarded by journalists as one of the largest, most devoted and influential fan bases, Swifties are known for their high levels of participation, creativity, community and fanaticism. They are a subject of widespread coverage in the mainstream media.

Critics have opined that Swift has redefined artist–fandom relationships by establishing an intimate connection with Swifties. She has frequently engaged with, helped, credited and prioritized her fans, while the latter have offered unprecedented support and interest in her works irrespective of her wavering reception in the media. They continued to support Swift through her genre transitions and unexpected artistic pivots, helped her during her highly publicized controversies such as the 2019 masters dispute, instigated the political scrutiny of Ticketmaster that led to implementation of various laws, and stimulated economic growth with the cultural impact of the Eras Tour. Swift's releases, promotional efforts and fashion have garnered attention for incorporating Easter eggs and clues that are decoded by Swifties and considered part of her musical universe. The word Swiftie(s) was added to the Oxford Dictionary of English in 2023.

Swifties have had an impact on the music industry and popular culture. Cultural analyses have variably described them as a community of interest, a subculture, and a near-metaverse, while academics have studied them for their consumerism, content creation, social capital, collective effervescence, organizing prolificacy, and interpersonal relationships. Swifties have also been a subject of criticism, with some members of the fanbase displaying disregard for Swift's privacy by publicizing her real-time locations. Media outlets have reported that some online Swifties engage in verbal attack of individuals, including celebrities, who malign Swift.

History

Taylor Swift began writing, recording and releasing country music in 2006. Before releasing her debut single, "Tim McGraw" (2006), Swift had been using social networking websites. She was one of the first country artists to use the Internet as a marketing tool for her music, predominantly promoting herself on Myspace and connecting with listeners who liked her music when it played on radio.[1][2][3] She created her MySpace account on August 31, 2005, a day before her then-label, Big Machine Records, was inaugurated. Swift's songs on MySpace collected more than 45 million listens, which Scott Borchetta, the label CEO, provided to "skeptical" country radio programmers to convince them of existing fans for Swift's songs.[4]

Swift released her

pop radio,[13] catapulting Swift to mainstream fame and widening her audience.[14][15] The success planted dedicated fanbases for Swift in overseas markets such as the United Kingdom,[10] Ireland, Brazil, Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan,[11] India,[16] and Japan.[17][18] Her subsequent albums, which saw her experiment with pop, rock, electronic, folk, and alternative styles, helped largen her fanbase and diversify its demographics in the following decades.[19][20]

Etymology

The word "Swiftie" for a Swift fan gained popularity in the late 2000s. Etymologically, the word is formed from Swift's name and the suffix "ie" (or sometimes "y" as in "Swifty"), which is often used in diminutives to imply affection.[21] Swift stated in a 2012 Vevo interview that her fans call themselves "Swifties", which she found "adorable".[22] Swift filed the term for trademark in March 2017.[23] In 2023, Oxford Dictionary of English defined Swiftie as a noun meaning "an enthusiastic fan of the singer Taylor Swift." As per the dictionary, some words that collocate with Swiftie in popular usage are "fandom", "die-hard", "hardcore" and "self-proclaimed".[21] According to Dictionary.com, the term Swiftie often implies that the person is "a very passionate and loyal fan—as opposed to just a casual listener."[24]

Relationship with Swift

A fan poster by a Swiftie

Swift maintains a close relationship with Swifties, to whom many journalists attribute her cultural influence.[25][26] To The Washington Post, Swift and Swifties are "all part of one big friend group".[27] She has "revolutionized" the relationship a celebrity can have with fans, according to The New York Times.[28] Many fans feel connected to her as they "have grown up with her and her music."[29][30] Lora Kelley of The Atlantic stated that Swift "understands the power of the group experience."[31] Her connection with fans is considered unique for artists of her stature; she has interacted with them on social media, sent them gifts, hand-selected them to attend intimate concerts or meet-and-greets, made surprise visits, participated in some of their functions (such as a wedding or a bridal shower), and gifted free tickets to disadvantaged or medically ill fans.[26][32][33] Swift's habit of lurking her fans online has been referred to as "Taylurking" by the fans.[34]

In June 2010, Swift hosted a 13-hour meet-and-greet as a part of the CMA Festival in Nashville, Tennessee. In 2014, 2017 and 2019, she hosted the "Secret Sessions", a series of pre-release album-listening parties for fans at her houses,[35][36] and a 2014 Christmas event dubbed by the fans as the "Swiftmas," where Swift sent packages of early Christmas presents to fans and hand-delivered some of them.[37] Swift has also written songs in honor of her fans, such as "Long Live" (2010)[38] or "Ronan" (2012); the latter is a charity record about a fan's four-year-old son who died of neuroblastoma.[32] In 2023, she invited 2,200 fans to the world premiere of her concert film, Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour, free of cost.[39] Zoya Raza-Sheikh of The Independent reported that Swift "remains at the forefront of delivering fan-based experiences to cultivate an ever-growing following. Whether it's personal invites to the singer's house for album listening parties, aka Secret Sessions, or pre-show hangouts, she continues to put her fans first."[34]

Swift taking pictures with fans outside the Toronto International Film Festival in 2022

With her large fanbase, Swift is one of the most followed people on social media.[40][41][42] According to ticketing executive Nathan Hubbard, Swift was the first musician ever "to be natively online."[43] Rolling Stone critic Brittany Spanos opined that Swift grew her fanbase on social media: "She was using Tumblr way past its prime. Twitter. She's now on TikTok, commenting on people's videos."[3] The part of TikTok dominated by Swifties is known as "SwiftTok".[34] A 2024 qualitative study of Swifties credited "Swift's constant self-disclosure and authentic persona on social media" for the Swifties' exceptional relationship with Swift.[44]

The nicknames generally used by Swifties for Swift include "Blondie" (referencing her blonde hair), "T-Swizzle" (after the lyrics in Swift's 2009 parody song "Thug Story" with American record producer T-Pain), and "The Music Industry" (referring to her influence on the music industry).[45] Chinese Swifties dubbed her "Meimei" (霉霉), a pun based on the Chinese character "Mei" (霉) for "unlucky" that has since been adopted by Chinese state media.[46][47]

She has donated to fans to cover their academic loans, medical bills, rent or other expenses.[48] In 2018, she bought a house for a homeless and pregnant fan.[49] Her high donation to a fan with leukemia on GoFundMe in 2015 caused the crowdfunding platform to expand its policy.[50] In 2023, thousands of Swifties collectively donated US$125,000 via GoFundMe to the family of a fellow Swiftie who was struck and killed by a drunk driver on his way home from a Swift concert. Much of the donated amount was given in portions of $13, Swift's favorite number.[51]

Lore and community

"Her use of symbols and imagery has only grown over time, to the point that if you look deep enough into Swift World, her fans seem as if they are practically speaking another language with abbreviations, coded catchphrases and references that only they understand."

Emily Yahr, The Washington Post (2022)[52]

Journalists describe Swift's works, celebrity, and the fanfare surrounding them as a world of its own, dubbing it a music "universe" subject to analyses by Swifties. Propagated by her prolific use of Easter eggs and "unusually close connection with her fans",[27][53] Swift is a source of myth in popular culture. Her outfits, accessories, diction, color coding, and numerology have also been Easter eggs.[54][55] Swifties are known for their fan theories, having gained a reputation as "the best online sleuths" for breaking down and associating various elements they consider as clues or Easter eggs.[56][57] According to Bruce Arthur of Toronto Star, "Swift is followed by fans whose dedication to her mythology is Byzantine and layered and complex and messianic."[58]

Glamour and The Washington Post termed the lore as the Taylor Swift Cinematic Universe.[59][60] Entertainment Weekly called it Taylor Swift Musical Universe—"a pop star known for prodigious hint-dropping, whose fans turn every piece of info into an online archaeological dig."[61] In The Guardian, Adrian Horton said "Swiftverse" is a subculture of mass media, cultivated by "years of worldbuilding and Swiftian mythology",[55] while Alim Kheraj wrote Swift turned pop music into a "multiplayer puzzle" involving fanbase commitment, which other artists have attempted to reproduce.[62]

Andrew Unterberger of Spin wrote that symbolisms are "inextricable elements of the Taylor Swift experience" and key to understanding her work.[63] To Caroline Mimbs Nyce of The Atlantic, Swift's fandom is nearly a metaverse: "a huge virtual community unmoored from a single platform, based on a world around Taylor Swift, missing only the 3D virtual space to hang out in."[64] According to Yahr, Swift enjoys embedding "clues, hints and puzzles" in her works, social media posts and interviews, constructing a self-mythology that fans believe could have a hidden meaning and attempt to decode, such as a release date, song or album title or an artistic element.[52] Madeline Merinuk of Today observed how Swift's easter eggs, which originated as short messages hidden within elaborate CD packaging, have become more innovative and intricate over time.[65] The critical analysis is referred to as "Swiftology" in the media.[66][63] For instance, "the scarf" mentioned in "All Too Well" has been a topic of mythology.[67][68][69]

Swift is known for her album rollouts and promotional concepts, often referred to as "eras".[70][71][72] Each era is characterized by an aesthetic idea, color palette, mood, and a fashion style.[73][74][75] As such, Swift has reinvented her image and style throughout her career, which Ashley Lutz of Fortune felt aided in broadening her fanbase.[54] Today senior editor Elena Nicolaou reported on how Swifties, who are mostly millennials, have incorporated Swiftie culture into their weddings and other events.[76]

Sociological characteristics

Swifties made and shared friendship bracelets at the Eras Tour (2023–2024), inspired by the song "You're on Your Own, Kid". The number 13, as Swift's favorite and lucky number, is often referenced by the fans as well.

Swifties have been described as a loyal fanbase with high levels of participation and creativity;[77] devoted fans in overseas countries such as China translate her lyrics and coordinate large-scale Swift-related events.[47] Their positive reception of Reputation, which was released after her 2016 controversy, demonstrated their commitment to her, irrespective of a tonal shift in her artistry and public perception.[78] Billboard wrote the unprecedented success of Swift's re-recorded albums was further evidence of their loyalty.[79] According to Willman, the re-records' success inspired other artists to "weaponize fans in their business disputes".[80] Author Amanda Petrusich described Swifties' allegiance as both "mighty and frightening".[81] The Guardian critic Rachel Aroesti wrote, "You can't argue with her fanbase, immaculately devout and mind-bogglingly populous."[82]

refer to caption
Filipino drag queen Taylor Sheesh, known for impersonating Swift, rose to fame due to Swifties.[83]

The

Sociologist Brian Donovan opined, "it is easy to dismiss the frenzy surrounding Swift as mindless hero worship. Yet, the Swifties have shown the power of fandom to create social bonds that transcend consumerism."[88] He praised Swift's ability to "tap into the collector mindset in her fandom".[89] Arthur opined, "People like to frame Swifties as an extreme case, but it sort of functions the same way as in sports."[58]

The fan frenzy, generally termed "Swiftmania",[90] has been considered the 21st-century equivalent to Beatlemania by journalists such as Jon Bream of Star Tribune, who said "Swift has achieved a once unthinkable monoculture, a zeitgeistian redux of Beatlemania".[91][92] Shows and television programs featuring Swift often experience viewership peaks due to Swifties.[93][94] Apart from music artists who have cited Swift as an influence, such as Olivia Rodrigo, Halsey and Camila Cabello, various other celebrities have described themselves as Swifties.[95][96]

Industrial impact

See also: Cultural impact of Taylor Swift

Swifties have been widely covered for their support for Swift in terms of her commercial success. Swift is known for her large CD and vinyl sales despite the 21st-century music scene having shifted to a largely digital industry.[97] From 2014 to 2015, Swift contested music streaming services Spotify and Apple Music to regulate their policies to protect artists' integrity.[25][98] She announced that 1989, her first-ever pop music album, would not release on Spotify, protesting the platform's "minuscule" payments to musicians.[99] Some journalists, such as Nilay Patel of Vox, criticized Swift's beliefs; Patel said that the Internet sabotaged the album format and claimed that most fans would not shop for a Swift CD anymore.[100] Many industry personnel felt that Swift's departure from country music and streaming platforms would impact the album's sales.[101] Publications predicted 1989 to not sell over one million copies in its first week like her previous albums Speak Now (2010) and Red (2012) did.[102][103] However, 1989 was an unprecedented success for Swift despite the lack of streaming support, widely purchased by fans as CDs from Target;[104] the album sold 1.28 million copies in its opening week.[104] In the 2020s, Swifties have also been credited with being one of the factors behind the vinyl revival.[105] Swift's album LP variants have been sold exclusively at small businesses, driving their profits.[106][107]

Swift's fans increased the publicity surrounding

the civil war in Yemen, which was confirmed by publications such as The New York Times.[112][113][114]

Swift's works, including concert tours such as

junk fees.[128] Entertainment Weekly and The A.V. Club listed "Swifties vs. Ticketmaster" as one of the biggest cultural news stories of 2022.[129][130] CNN journalist Allison Morrow wrote in an article titled "One Nation, Under Swift" that Swift's fans united the parties against Ticketmaster in a way "the Founding Fathers failed to anticipate".[131]

Noticing the growing trend of Swift-themed dance parties in the world, industry commentators found that Swift's cultural position as a staple in the 21st-century music landscape allowed

Hidden Valley and Primal Kitchen to pick it up for their products and marketing.[138][139][140]

Demographics

See also: Generational appeal of Taylor Swift

According to a 2023 survey by Morning Consult, in the U.S., 53% of adults said they were fans of Swift, of whom 44% identified as Swifties and 16% as her "avid" fans. Of the fans, 52% were women while 48% were men. Racially, the 74% of the fans were white, 13% were Black, 9% were Asian, and 4% from other races. Politically, 55% of the fans were Democratic, 23% were Republican, and 23% were independent. In terms of generations, 45% are millennials, 23% are baby boomers, 21% are Generation X, and 11% are Generation Z.[141] Journalists have also noted an increase in Swift's boomer and Generation X fans, known as "senior Swifties".[89][142]

Political role

Further information: Political impact of Taylor Swift

Brooke Schultz of the

U.S. Congress.[147][148] Internationally, presidential candidates such as Gabriel Boric in Chile and Leni Robredo in the Philippines have appealed or marketed themselves to Swifties during their respective election campaigns.[149][150]

Accolades

List of awards and nominations received by Swifties
Organization Year Award Result Ref.
Capricho Awards de Gato Nacional 2020 Fandom of the Year Nominated [151]
iHeartRadio Music Awards 2014 Best Fan Army Nominated [152]
2015 Nominated [153]
2016 Nominated [154]
2018 Nominated [155]
2019 Nominated [156]
2020 Nominated [157]
2021 Nominated [158]
2022 Nominated [159]
2023 Nominated [160]
2024 Pending [161]
MTV Europe Music Awards 2015 Biggest Fans Nominated [162]
2017 Nominated [163]
2018 Nominated [164]
2019 Nominated [165]
2020 Nominated [166]
2021 Nominated [167]
2022 Nominated [168]
2023 Nominated [169]
MTV Fandom Awards 2015 Fandom Army of the Year Nominated [170]
Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards Aussie/Kiwi's Favourite Fan Army Nominated [171]
Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards 2023 Master Fandom Nominated [172]
Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards 2015 UK Favorite Fan Army Nominated [173]
O Music Awards 2012 Fan Army Nominated [174]
Most Extreme Fan Outreach Won
Radio Disney Music Awards 2014 Fiercest Fans Won [175]
2016 Nominated [176]
Teen Choice Awards 2014 Choice Fanatic Fans Nominated [177]
2018 Choice Fandom Nominated [178]
2019 Nominated [179]

Criticism

Swifties have received criticism for certain behaviors. Journalists have denounced the parasocial interactions that some Swifties have with Swift, including excessive interest in Swift's private life.[180][181] Fans have swarmed locations where she is spotted.[182] Swift herself has spoken about her lack of privacy many times. In Miss Americana, when Swift leaves her Tribeca apartment surrounded by fans and spectators outside her door, she states that she is "highly aware of the fact that that is not normal."[183]

Some fans have also been reported to attack, harass or send

death threats online to, and dox other celebrities, journalists, and Internet users for various reasons, such as speaking negatively of Swift.[184][185][186] Following the masters dispute, Braun claimed that he received death threats from Swifties.[187] Vice called the fandom an "equal-parts welcoming yet gate-kept community caught in the throes of idealistic, obsessive celebrity culture".[188]

Gaylor

Gaylor is a

Cara Delevigne as well. They claimed that Swift's 2023 song "When Emma Falls in Love" is an acknowledgement of her relationship with Stone although Swift and Stone have only referred to each other as close friends in the media. However, the majority of Swifties consider the past relationship between Stone and actor Andrew Garfield as the inspiration for the song.[192] In the album prologue to 1989 (Taylor's Version), Swift acknowledged that her female friendships have been sexualized like the tabloid media coverage of her male acquaintances.[193][194] A January 2024 opinion article by writer Anna Marks, published in The New York Times, speculated that Swift is a closeted queer person based on Marks' perceptions of Swift's lyrics and aesthetics, drawing criticism from Swifties and other readers. Subsequently, CNN Business reported that Swift's personnel found the article "invasive, untrue and inappropriate".[195][196]

Academic study

See also: Cultural impact of Taylor Swift § Scholarly interest

Swifties have been the subject of journalistic and academic interest, studied for their

linguists termed the Swifties' fan-coded, lyrics-based language a "fanilect".[197] A 2023 network map published by López and Chandra divided Swifties into six distinct factions based on online interactions and topics of discussion.[199] A 2024 qualitative study of Indonesian Swifties claimed that the parasocial interaction with Swift and the interactions between Swifties satiates the fans' "social media gratifications for entertainment, social interactions, and information-seeking."[44] Various universities also host fan clubs dedicated to Swift.[200][201][202]

See also

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