Syriac Infancy Gospel
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The Syriac Infancy Gospel, also known as the Arabic Infancy Gospel, is a New Testament apocryphal writing concerning the infancy of Jesus. It may have been compiled as early as the sixth century, and was partly based on the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of James, and the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, though much of it is also based on oral tradition. The only two surviving manuscripts date from 1299 AD and the 15th/16th century in Arabic.[2][3][4] They were copied in the area of northern Iraq and show influence from the Quran.[5][6]
Contents
It consists of three parts:
- The birth of Jesus – based on the Protevangelium of James
- Miracles during the Flight into Egypt – seemingly based on nothing more than local traditions
- The miracles of Jesus as a boy – based on the Infancy Gospel of Thomas
It contains a number of embellishments on the earlier text, however, including a diaper (of Jesus) that heals people, sweat (of Jesus) that turns into balm, curing leprosy, and dyeing cloth varied colours using only indigo dye. It also claims earlier encounters for Jesus with Judas Iscariot, and with the thieves with whom he is later crucified, as well as being one of the earliest documents.
Dating
Although this Gospel is thought to have originated from
Quranic parallels
One parallel story between an Infancy Gospel and the Quran is found in the Arabic Gospel of The Infancy of the Savior and
The Arabic Gospel of the Infancy of the Savior:
v2 "He has said that Jesus spoke, and, indeed, when He was lying in His cradle said to Mary His mother: I am Jesus, the Son of God, the Logos, whom thou hast brought forth, as the Angel Gabriel announced to thee; and my Father has sent me for the salvation of the world."[19]
Abdullah Yusuf Ali The Quran
Surah 19:29–34
"But she pointed to the babe. They said: "How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle?" He said: "I am indeed a servant of Allah: He hath given me revelation and made me a prophet; And He hath made me blessed wheresoever I be, and hath enjoined on me Prayer and Charity as long as I live; (He) hath made me kind to my mother, and not overbearing or miserable; So peace is on me the day I was born, the day that I die, and the day that I shall be raised up to life (again)"! Such (was) Jesus the son of Mary: (it is) a statement of truth, about which they (vainly) dispute.[20]
Zoroastrian connection
The third chapter of this Gospel covers the story of the wise men of the East, which, in some respects, closely follows the version of the story from Matthew. Unlike Matthew, however, this account cites Zoradascht (Zoroaster) as the source of the prophecy that motivated the wise men to seek the infant Jesus.[21]
See also
- Acts of the Apostles (genre)
- Agrapha
- List of Gospels
- New Testament apocrypha
- Pseudepigraphy
- Textual criticism
References
- ISBN 978-2-35125-151-5.
- ISBN 9783640057474.
3.2.1 Genese des Evangeliums: "Es liegt in zwei arabischen Handschriften vor" translation: "There are two handwritten manuscripts in arabic"
- ^ "Arabic Infancy Gospel // 3.1. Manuscripts". 5 February 2016.
MS 2: Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, codex orientalis 387 [32], fols. 2r–48v (from the year 1299 AD)
- ^ "Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. Or. 350". 30 December 2018.
Date: estimated 15th/16th century
- ^ Schneider, Gerhard (1995). Evangelia infantiae apokrypha – Apokryphe Kindheitsevangelien. Freiburg. pp. See p. 53 and following.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 9783640057474.
3.2.1 Genese des Evangeliums: "Die verschiedenen Handschriften wurden wohl im Raum des heutigen türkischen Kurdistans und des Nordiraks verfaßt und sind gekennzeichnet durch Einflüsse des Korans" //transl. "The several handwritings were composed in the land of (modern day) Turkish Kurdistan and northern Iraq and show influences from the Quran"
- ISBN 9780191520327.
- ^ Henry Sike (1697). Evangelium infantiae, vel Liber apocryphus de infantia Servatoris ex manuscripto edidit, ac latina versione et notis illustravit Henricus Sike. apud Franciscum Halmam, Guiljelmum vande Water.
- ^ Hone, William. "The Apocryphal Books of the New Testament". archive.org. Gebbie & Co., 1890. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ The Other Bible, Willis Barnstone, HarperSanFrancisco, P.407
- ^ "Is The Bible Really The Source Of The Qur'an?". islamic-awareness.org. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
- ^ Sidney H Griffith, "The Gospel In Arabic: An Enquiry Into Its Appearance In The First Abbasid Century", Oriens Christianus, Volume 69, p. 166. "All one can say about the possibility of a pre-Islamic, Christian version of the Gospel in Arabic is that no sure sign of its actual existence has yet emerged.
- ^ Grafton, David D (2014). The identity and witness of Arab pre-Islamic Arab Christianity: The Arabic language and the Bible. Christianity [...] did not penetrate into the lives of the Arabs primarily because the monks did not translate the Bible into the vernacular and inculcate Arab culture with biblical values and tradition. Trimingham's argument serves as an example of the Western Protestant assumptions outlined in the introduction of this article. The earliest Arabic biblical texts clearly can only be dated to the 9th century at the earliest, that is after the coming of Islam.
- ^ Sidney H. Griffith, The Bible in Arabic: The Scriptures of the 'People of the Book' in the Language of Islam. Jews, Christians and Muslims from the Ancient to the Modern World, Princeton University Press, 2013, pp242- 247 ff.
- ^ The Arabic Bible before Islam – Clare Wilde on Sidney H. Griffith's The Bible in Arabic. June 2014.
- ISBN 9789004347168.
- ISBN 9789004347168. By contrast, manuscripts containing translations of the gospels are encountered no earlier then the year 873 (Ms. Sinai. N.F. parch. 14 & 16)
- ^ Said Reynolds, Gabriel (2017). ""Biblical Background to the Quran", Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of the Quran". academia.edu. p. 314. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
- ^ "The Arabic Infancy Gospel". wesley.nnu.edu. Archived from the original on 27 September 2004. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "CRCC: Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts". Archived from the original on 2010-12-05. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
- ^ Hone, William. "The Apocryphal Books of the New Testament". Archive.org. Gebbie & Co., Publishers, Philadelphia. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
Further reading
- New Testament Apocrypha, vol. 1, Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1963
- Elliott, James K. The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in an English Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.