Second Apocalypse of John
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The Second Apocalypse of John[1] is a pseudepigraphal Greek Christian text sometimes classified as among the New Testament apocrypha. It is falsely attributed to John of Patmos. Its date is uncertain and has been placed as early as the late fourth century and as late as the mid-ninth.
Date and authorship
In form, the Second Apocalypse appears to have been influenced by the Questions and Answers of
The earliest reference to the Second Apocalypse is found in a mid-ninth century
The Second Apocalypse is
Content
The Second Apocalypse is a series of questions by John about the
There will be "no risk of racial discrimination in Heaven", according to John Court, but no bodily resurrection either, according to the following passage:[11]
Just as the bees do not differ one from another, but are all of the same appearance and size, so every human being will be at the resurrection. Not fair-skinned, nor red-skin, nor black, not Ethiopian nor different facial features, but all will rise with the same appearance and size. The whole human species will rise bodiless.[9]
John Court, accepting an early date for the Second Apocalypse, identifies it as part of a "Johannine apocalyptic tradition", which also includes the Apocalypse of John Chrysostom, the Third Apocalypse of John and the Coptic Apocalypse of John.[12] On the basis of her later dating, Whealey questions the validity of this classification. Nevertheless, the work is often classified as among the New Testament apocrypha.[4]
Manuscripts and translations
The first edition of the text by Andreas Birch was printed in 1804 and based on two Greek copies. Constantin von Tischendorf published a new edition in 1866 using five more Greek manuscripts. Most manuscripts are late and show progressive elaboration. The most reliable text, therefore, is probably the least elaborate.[6]
The Second Apocalypse was early translated into Arabic. At least three Garshuni copies were known to Giuseppe Simone Assemani, indicating that the text was popular in Syriac circles.[13][6] There is an English translation by Court.[14]
Notes
- ^ The conventional title is from Court 2000, but Whealey 2002 prefers Apocryphal Apocalypse of John, Nau 1914 used First Apocryphal Apocalypse of John and Burke 2013 gives Apocalypse of Saint John the Theologian.
- ^ Court 2000, p. 25.
- ^ a b c Whealey 2002, p. 534.
- ^ a b Whealey 2002, p. 540.
- ^ a b Burke 2013, p. 95.
- ^ a b c Court 2000, pp. 30–31.
- ^ a b c Whealey 2002, p. 533.
- ^ Court 2000, p. 23.
- ^ a b Court 2000, p. 24.
- ^ Whealey 2002, pp. 534–536.
- ^ Court 2000, pp. 53–54.
- ^ Court 2000, p. 8.
- ^ Whealey 2002, p. 537.
- ^ Court 2000, pp. 71–103.
Bibliography
- Burke, Tony (2013). Secret Scriptures Revealed: A New Introduction to the Christian Apocrypha. William B. Eerdmans.
- Court, John M. (2000). The Book of Revelation and the Johannine Apocalyptic Tradition. Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 978-1841270739.
- JSTOR 44101528.
- .
External links
- 1 Apocryphal Apocalypse of John at NASSCAL