Tabarri
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Tabarri (
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Definition
Every Shia Muslim believes it to be their duty to dissociate themselves from the enemies of God and his
The doctrine of Tabarri itself does not dictate whom to dissociate from or whom to associate with. It dictates the dissociation of those identified as enemies of Ahl al-bayt. The identification is up to every individual.
For example, some people may regard Mua'wiyah as the enemy of Ahl al-Bayt. In that case, it becomes obligatory to dissociate oneself from Mua'wiyah.
Quran
A Quranic verse that can be found that carries the same message as this doctrine.
A (declaration) of immunity from Allah and His Messenger, to those of the Pagans with whom ye have contracted mutual alliances:-
— Quran,ayah 1[1]
Baraatun is derived from the same consonantal root as Tabarri.
Shia and Sunni differences
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Since Shias and Sunnis have different sources of hadith, they tend to come to different conclusions regarding whom the enemies of Ahl al-Bayt are.
In some cases, Sunni and Shia have the same view, for example regarding
Due to the Shia view of early Muslim history, the Shia scholar Mullah Baqir al-Majlisi stated:
Regarding the doctrine of Tabarri, we believe that we should seek disassociation from four
Imams without disassociating oneself from their enemies. (Haqq al-Yaqīn) 2:519
Every Muslim believes that it is important to disassociate themselves from the enemies of Muhammad; however, Muslims differ upon who those are.
Shia also believe that this view was held by the descendants of Muhammad. Shia hold as authentic a narration attributed to Muhammad al-Baqir. He was reported to have replied to his disciple who had sought the Imam's opinion regarding Abu Bakr and Umar:
"What are you asking me about them (Abu Bakr and Umar)? Whoever among us (Ahl al-Bayt) or the progeny of Muhammad departed from this world, departed in a state of extreme displeasure with them. The elders among us admonished the younger ones to perpetuate it (extreme displeasure with them), Verily, the two of them have unjustly usurped our right. By Allah! These two were the first to settle on our (Ahl al-Bayt) necks . Therefore, may the
Malaikah (angels) and of mankind be on the two of them.] Page 115
In the same book,[
"Verily these two elders (Abu Bakr and Umar) departed from this world without having made taubah for what they had perpetrated against Ameerul Mumineen Alayhis Salaam. In fact, they did not even think of us (of their wrongs against Hadhrat Ali). Therefore, the la'nat of Allah, the Malaikah and of mankind be on them."
— Kitabur Raudhah[clarification needed] Page 115
Since Shia hold for authentic narrations where the descendants of Muhammad cursed the Sunni Caliphs, Shia also curse them (which does not literally mean using inappropriate terms for them, but rather asking God to withdraw His mercy from them) when doing tabarri.
This added to the persecution of the Shias by the Sunnis. To protect themselves in times where their life were in jeopardy, Shias used the doctrine of Taqiyya and were prevented from using tabarri in public.
The similar concept used in
See also
- Event of Mubahala
- Imprecatory Psalms
- Shia view of Umar
- Tabarra agitation