Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi | |
---|---|
Clergyman, jurist | |
Post | Shaykh al-Islām of Isfahan |
Mohammad Baqer Majlesi (c. 1627 – 29 March 1699) (
He was buried next to his father in a family mausoleum located next to the
Early life and education
Born in
By the age of 25, Baqer Majlesi gained certification of "riwāyat" from Mulla Sadra to teach. He is said to have completed studies under 21 masters (ustadh). He is reported to have trained 181 students to become masters themselves.
Influence and beliefs
In 1687, the Safavid King,
According to scholar Moojan Momen, Majlisi's era marked a breaking point, as he successfully undercut the influence of Sufism and philosophic rationalism in Shiism. "Up to the time of Majlisi, Shiism and Sufism were closely linked and indeed Sufism had been a vehicle for pro-Shii sentiment among the Sunnis. Even the most eminent members of the Shii ulama in the preceding centuries had come under the influence of Sufiism." After the death of Majlisi, "this process continued among the succeeding generations of ulama" so that Sufism became "divorced from Shiism and ceased to influence the main stream of Shii development. Philosophy was also down-graded and ceased to be an important part of studies at the religious colleges."[4]
Legalism
He also reestablished clerical authority under his leadership, "and renewed the impetus for conversion from Sunni to Shi'a school."
Majlesi "fervently upheld the concepts of 'enjoining the good' and 'prohibiting evil'",[5] and in so doing endeavoured to provide fatwa (judgements) for "all of the hypothetical situations a true believer could or might face."[7] In one "exposition of virtues of proper behavior", he gave directions on everything from how to "wear clothes to sexual intercourse and association with females, clipping fingernails, sleeping, waking, urination and defecation, enemas, sneezing, entering and leaving a domicile, and treatments and cures for many illnesses and diseases."[8]
More controversially, Majlesi defined "science" very narrowly as "knowledge of the clear, secure
Work and contribution
Allamah Al-Majlisi's most important field of interest was the hadith. He popularized his teaching by writing numerous works in an easily understandable style, in which he summarized the essential doctrines for the common people.[10] Allamah Majlisi was also a very prolific writer. He wrote more than 100 books, both in Arabic and Persian. Some of his more famous works are:
- Bihar al-Anwar ("Seas of Light") in 110 volumes.
- Reality of Certainty[11]
- Mirror of Intellects, a 26-volume commentary.
- Shelter of the Upright People, a 16-volume commentary.
- Provisions for the Hereafter
- A Gift for the Pilgrims
- Essence of Life
- Adornment of the Pious[12]
- Al-Fara'edh al-Tarifah
See also
- Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
- Du'a al-Kumayl
- Sharif al-Murtaza
- Al-Sharif al-Radi
- Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
- Shaykh Tusi
- ibn Babawayh
- Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
- Amina Bint al-Majlisi
- Al-Hurr al-Aamili
- Aliqoli Jadid-ol-Eslam
References
- ^ Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale University Press, 1985) (p.114) quoted in Soul of Iran, p.174
- ^ "Mohammad Taqi Majlesi" in Encyclopaedia Iranica
- ^ Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale University Press, 1985) (p.115)
- ^ Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale University Press, 1985) (p.116)
- ^ a b Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World, (2004), p.425
- ISBN 978-0-393-05119-3.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-393-05119-3.
- ISBN 978-0-393-05119-3.
- ^ Karen Armstong, The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism, Random House, 2001, p54-58.
- ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0
- ^ "Al Muntazar Magazine". www.almuntazar.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2006. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ The title has been translated in various forms. Different translations are Countenance of the Pure or The Adornment of the God-fearing or Ornament of the God-Wary
Further reading
- Newman, Andrew J. (2012). "The Recovery of the Past: Ibn Bābawayh, Bāqir Al-Majlisī and Safawid Medical Discourse". Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies. 50 (1): 109–127. S2CID 194000805.