Terapon jarbua

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Terapon jarbua

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Terapontidae
Genus: Terapon
Species:
T. jarbua
Binomial name
Terapon jarbua
(Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr, 1775)[2]
Synonyms[4]
  • Terapon timorensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
  • Sciaena jarbua Fabricius, 1775
  • Holocentrus jarbua (Fabricius, 1775)[3]
  • Holocentrus servus Bloch, 1790
  • Grammistes servus (Bloch, 1790)
  • Terapon servus (Bloch, 1790)
  • Therapon servus (Bloch, 1790)
  • Coius trivittatus Hamilton, 1822
  • Pterapon trivittatus Gray, 1846
  • Therapon farna Bleeker, 1879
  • Stereolepis inoko Schmidt, 1931

Terapon jarbua, the jarbua terapon, crescent grunter, crescent banded grunter, crescent perch, spiky trumpeter, thornfish or tiger perch, is a species of

aquarium
trade where it is known as "target fish" for the pattern visible from above.

Terapon jarbua showing distinctive concentric pattern from above, Cairns
Terapon jarbua, Philippines

Description

Terapon jarbua is a medium-sized grunter with an oblong body which is moderately laterally compressed. The oblique mouth is oblique with the jaws being of equal length and the

caudal fin is emarginate. They have 75-100 pored scales in their lateral line.[5] They have a silvery white body which has 3 or 4 curved stripes from the nape to the rear of the body with the lowest stripe continues through the centre of the caudal fin. There is a black blotch on the spiny part of the dorsal fin between the third and sixth spines and the tail is striped with a black tip to each lobe. This species sexual maturity after attaining a total length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in), they are most commonly recorded at total lengths of around 25 centimetres (9.8 in) and the longest recorded fish was 36 centimetres (14 in).[4]

Distribution

Terapon jarbua has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution which extends from the Red Sea and the coasts of eastern Africa as far south as South Africa through the Indian Ocean, including the Persian Gulf and into the Pacific Ocean as far east as Samoa, its range extends northwards to Japan and south to the Arafura Sea and Lord Howe Island.[1] A single specimen was reported in 2010 from the eastern Mediterranean Sea,[6] a likely entry from the Suez Canal.[7]

Habitat and biology

Terapon jarbua is a

swimbladder have been shown to be used for communication and that these sounds to change both as the fish mature and with changes to the fish's environment, Although these fish have been reported as juveniles and adults in freshwater, reproduction takes place in the marine environment.[11]

Fisheries

Terapon jarbua is fished for using all types of inshore fishing gear, including gillnets, traps, handlines and bottom trawls.[12] These fish are sold fresh or in a dried and salted form.[5] This species is infrequently available in the aquarium trade.[13]

Taxonomy

Terapon jarbua was first formally

junior synonym of Terapon jarbua.[14] Some authorities consider that the taxon currently named Terapon jarbua which has a wide geographic range is actually likely to be more than one species.[7] One possible split would be between the western Indian Ocean species as originally described by Fabricius and the species Bloch described from Japan which would be Terapon servus.[11]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T166892A46643542.en
    . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Fricke, Ronald (2008). "Authorship, availability and validity of fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskål and Johann Christian Fabricius in the 'Descriptiones animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces)" (PDF). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. 1: 1–76.
  3. ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Sciaena jarbus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Terapon jarbua" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  5. ^ a b R.P. Vari. "Terapontidae" (PDF). FAO. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  6. ^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Terapon jarbua ). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Terapon_jarbua.pdf
  7. ^
    doi:10.3989/scimar.2010.74n4717
    .
  8. ^ Sandipan Gupta & Samir Benerjee (2016). "A Short Review on the Biology of Tiger Perch, Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775)". International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture. 6: 79–83.
  9. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04151.x
    .
  10. ^ Dianne J. Bray. "Terapon jarbua". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  11. ^
    hdl:2246/1273
    .
  12. ^ Gabriella Bianchi (1985). "Field Guide Commercial Marine and Brackish Water Species of Pakistan" (PDF). FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fisheries Purposes. FAO. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  13. ^ Frank Schafer (8 April 2020). "Terapon jabua". Aquarium Glaser GmbH. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  14. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Terapon". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Terapon jarbua.
Wikispecies has information related to Therapon jarbua.
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